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81.
Many industrial products are made of cord-rubber composite materials. Their mechanical behavior not only depends on rubber but also depends on cord. Nylon 66 cord is one of the most important reinforcement in these products. This paper research the mechanical behavior of nylon 66 cord under various load cases. A series of experiments were carried out to obtaining stress-strain curves under different load cases. Complex changes of the modulus and Mullins effect can be found in monotonic and cyclic tension, respectively. Mechanism of these behaviors has been analyzed considering both the twisted structure and material. A phenomenological constitutive model, accounting for different loading conditions, has been firstly proposed base on strain energy density function and damage mechanics method. The proposed model has been verified by comparing the predicted results with experimental data. It has been found that the proposed model predicted the stress-strain curves that were consistent with the experimental data. The proposed model can be implemented in finite element software for engineering design and application. 相似文献
82.
Ammar Elakhdar Toshihiro Kumamaru Kevin P. Smith Robert S. Brueggeman Ludovic J.A. Capo-chichi Shyam Solanki 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(3):193-204
Changes in the relative genetic performance of genotypes across environments are referred to as genotype × environment interactions (GEIs). GEIs can affect barley breeding improvement for salt tolerance because it often complicates the evaluation and selection of superior genotypes. The present study evaluated the GEIs over 60 barley genotypes for yield components and grain yield in six salinity environments in North Delta, Egypt. Data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and Tai’s stability parameters. GEIs effects on yield explained 20.3, 20.1, 14.6, and 33.0% of the total variation besides, the first two principal components account for 67.3, 56.3, 64.3, and 83.7% of the explained variance in the four sets, respectively. Six genotypes namely G-4, G-7, G-20, G-34, G-36, and G-39 were found to be most stable and high yielding across environments (GY >2.00 t ha-1), and located close to zero projection onto the AEC ordinate. Tai’s stability parameters demonstrated that these genotypes were more responsive to the environmental changes. The genotypes G-50 and G-53 showed perfect/static stability (α = -0.95, -0.91, respectively). In contrast, the genotype; G-36 had α = 0 and λ = 1.10, indicating parallel with the environmental effects followed by G-44. Overall, we found that GEIs for grain yield are highly significant in all sets, suggesting that responded differently across environments. This interaction may be a result of changes in genotypes’ relative performance across environments, due to their differential responses to various abiotic factors. 相似文献
83.
Robert Manuel L. Juárez-Gómez Juan Chaires-Pacheco Mariana Peña-Ramírez Yuri J. 《New Forests》2020,51(2):335-347
New Forests - Spanish red cedar, Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), is a valuable timber tree in tropical American forests. Existing demand for elite individuals endangers the conservation of... 相似文献
84.
Robert Hoffmann 《European Journal of Forest Research》1857,1(11):469-470
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Der Jahrgang 1855 ift in ber Württemb. forftl. Monatfchrift, 1856 Seite 217, angezeigt. 相似文献
85.
M. v. Cotta M. v. Cotta Mördes v. Pannewib Robert Rühn Paur v. Stelzl v. Deltheim Schulze Q. v. Mikleben Lreiherr v. Lflanteuffel Lreiherr v. Berg Qeitel M. Lreiherr v. Berg v. Michael H. C. Bär Baer A. Chieriod Berger Rettftadt Gekner Wlrici Lreiherr v. Schmerzing Sprenger Pommrich v. Strune Matufchka v. E. Q. Brunft Rnaudt Mördlinger Rnipping v. Mangenheim C. A. Baum L. Mehlborn G. v. Stieglik H. v. Biegefar C. Grebe v.n Baumbach Braun R. Blohmer 《European Journal of Forest Research》1865,9(1):322-324
Ohne Zusammenfassung
f. f?chf. Dberforftmeifter.
f. bahr. Regierungs- und Forftrath von Mürzburg.
f. preuk. Dberforftmeifter aus Breslau.
f. f?chf. Dberforftmeifter.
f. bahr. Regierungs- und Forftrath von Augsburg.
f. bahr. Regierungs- und Forftrath aus Regensburg.
Dberj?germeifter von Braunfchweig.
f. bahr. Regierungs- und Forftrath aus München.
f. f?chf. Dberf?rfter.
f. f?chf. Dberforftmeifter.
f. f?chf. Dberforftrath.
herz. braunfchweig. Forftmeifter von Blanfenburg.
Direftor der fürftlich Cfterhazh’fchen Herrfchaft Spoly Parsto.
fürftl. fondershauf. Dberfortmeifter.
f. bahr. Redierf?rfter don Schmarzenbach.
f. preuk. Dberf?rfter.
f. f. Forftrath aus Brekburg.
f. preuk. Dberf?rfter von Altruppin.
f. hann?v. Forftmeifter von Rienburg.
Forftmeifter in preuk. Schleften.
f. preuk. Dberforftmeifter von Berlin.
herz. aftenburg. Dberfortmeifter.
f. preuk. Dberf?rfter.
f. f?chf. Dberf?rfter.
f. ruff. Forftfomiff?r aus Marfchau.
f. preuk. Forftinfpeftor.
f. f?chf. Forftinfpeftor.
grokh. meimar. Forftinfpeftor von Martfuhl.
f. mürttb. Dberf?rfter und Brofeffor aus Hohenheim.
f. hannov. Forftmeifter aus Hammeln.
Dberforftmeifter aus Sotha.
herz. altenburg. Dberf?rfter aus Hummelshain.
herz. altenburg. Revierf?rfter aus Milchwig.
herz. altenburg. geheimer Finanzrath und Dberforftmeifter.
herz. altenb. Dberforftmeifter aus Hummelshain.
grokh. f?chf. geheimer Dberforftrath aus Qifenach.
herz. naffau. Dberforftrath aus Miesbaden.
grokh. heff. Dberforftfefret?r aus Darmftadt.
f. f?chf. Dberforftmeifter. 相似文献
86.
Røy H Kallmeyer J Adhikari RR Pockalny R Jørgensen BB D'Hondt S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6083):922-925
Microbial communities can subsist at depth in marine sediments without fresh supply of organic matter for millions of years. At threshold sedimentation rates of 1 millimeter per 1000 years, the low rates of microbial community metabolism in the North Pacific Gyre allow sediments to remain oxygenated tens of meters below the sea floor. We found that the oxygen respiration rates dropped from 10 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) near the sediment-water interface to 0.001 micromoles of O(2) liter(-1) year(-1) at 30-meter depth within 86 million-year-old sediment. The cell-specific respiration rate decreased with depth but stabilized at around 10(-3) femtomoles of O(2) cell(-1) day(-1) 10 meters below the seafloor. This result indicated that the community size is controlled by the rate of carbon oxidation and thereby by the low available energy flux. 相似文献
87.
Luke A. J. Haydock Anthony C. G. Abrams-Ogg J. Scott Weese Michael R. Goldstein Amy B. Clifford Adrian Sebastian Elizabeth H. Rea Frances B. Jamieson Carla Duncan Olga Andrievskaia Mirjana Savic Durda Slavic Robert A. Foster Christopher J. Greenwood Tamara L. MacDonald Jacqueline E. Scott Andrea Sanchez 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2022,34(2):292
A 4-y-old, female mixed-breed dog was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College for further evaluation of multiple pulmonary and hepatic masses, intrathoracic lymphadenitis, and recent development of a pyogranulomatous pleural effusion. Along with other comprehensive tests, a thoracic lymph node biopsy was performed, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection was confirmed by real-time PCR. The dog’s condition declined post-operatively, and euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination confirmed severe granulomatous pneumonia, hepatitis, intrathoracic and intraabdominal lymphadenitis, omentitis, and nephritis. Line-probe assays performed on samples collected postmortem confirmed the species as M. tuberculosis. 24-loci MIRU-VNTR genotyping, spoligotyping, and whole-genome sequencing revealed relations to known human isolates, but no epidemiologic link to these cases was investigated. Given the concern for potential human exposure during this animal’s disease course, a public health investigation was initiated; 45 individuals were tested for M. tuberculosis exposure, and no subsequent human infections related to this animal were identified. Our case highlights the need for more readily available, minimally invasive testing for the diagnosis of canine mycobacteriosis, and highlights the ability of canid species to act as potential contributors to the epidemiology of M. tuberculosis infections. 相似文献
88.
The occurrence of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) patches within stands dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana Mill. BSP) has been shown to increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling rates by improving soil physical and chemical properties. It is well known, however, that these processes are also influenced by the structure of the soil biota, but this factor has received less attention. In this study, relationships between forest floor properties and soil invertebrates were studied along black spruce–trembling aspen gradients in three stands of the eastern boreal forest of Canada. The forest floor layer of 36 plots differing in aspen basal area was sampled and analyzed to determine physical and chemical properties, the rates of decomposition of standard substrates, net N mineralization, as well as microbial basal respiration and metabolic quotient. Soil invertebrates were also collected using funnel-extraction and pitfall trapping methods. Based on redundancy analyses, we found that forest floor properties, the abundance and composition of soil invertebrates, and the rates of belowground processes changed along the spruce–aspen gradient. The increase in aspen basal area was associated with a reduction in forest floor thickness, moisture content and microbial biomass, and with an increase in the concentration of nutrients. It was also accompanied by changes in soil faunal communities, as soil invertebrates were associated with specific soil properties. In general, macroinvertebrates (i.e., Lumbricidae, Formicidae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae and Gastropoda) were related to the nutrient-rich forest floor associated with aspen, whereas microarthropods and Enchytraeidae tended to be negatively related to aspen basal area. According to mixed linear models, decomposition rates of standard substrates and net ammonification significantly increased along the spruce–aspen gradient. Given the functional significance of macroinvertebrates in soils, these results suggest that aspen favours the elaboration of a macrofaunal community, which in turn accelerates the rate of soil processes by having either direct or indirect influence on microbial activity. Moreover, this study shows that the changes in soil processes and in the biodiversity of soil organisms related to the presence of mixed stands can operate only in the immediate surroundings of a given tree species. Therefore, coarse-scale tree species mixing in a forest stand may have a different effect on soil biodiversity and soil processes than fine-scale mixing. 相似文献
89.
Jeff R. Powell Rachel G. Campbell Kari E. Dunfield Robert H. Gulden Miranda M. Hart David J. Levy-Booth John N. Klironomos K. Peter Pauls Clarence J. Swanton Jack T. Trevors Pedro M. Antunes 《Applied soil ecology》2009,41(1):128-136
Most soybeans grown in North America are genetically modified (GM) to tolerate applications of the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate; as a result, glyphosate is now extensively used in soybean cropping systems. Soybean roots form both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and rhizobial symbioses. In addition to individually improving host plant fitness, these symbioses also interact to influence the functioning of each symbiosis, thereby establishing a tripartite symbiosis. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate the effects of glyphosate on the establishment and functioning of AM and rhizobial symbioses with GM soybean, and (2) to estimate the interdependence of the symbioses in determining the response of each symbiosis to glyphosate. These objectives were addressed in two experiments; the first investigated the importance of the timing of glyphosate application in determining the responses of the symbionts and the second varied the rate of glyphosate application. Glyphosate applied at recommended field rates had no effect on Glomus intraradices or Bradyrhizobium japonicum colonization of soybean roots, or on soybean foliar tissue [P]. N2-fixation was greater for glyphosate-treated soybean plants than for untreated-plants in both experiments, but only when glyphosate was applied at the first trifoliate soybean growth stage. These data deviate from previous studies estimating the effect of glyphosate on the rhizobial symbiosis, some of which observed negative effects on rhizobial colonization and/or N2-fixation. We did observe evidence of the response of one symbiont (stimulation of N2-fixation following glyphosate) being dependent on co-inoculation with the other; however, this interactive response appeared to be contextually dependent as it was not consistent between experiments. Future research needs to consider the role of environmental factors and other biota when evaluating rhizobial responses to herbicide applications. 相似文献
90.
Darren R. Chandler Robert G. King Philip Jewess Stuart E. Reynolds 《Pest management science》1991,31(3):295-304
The toxic effects of six acylurea insecticides on larvae of the tobacco hornworm were investigated at each of four environmental temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C). This spans the range of temperatures which the insects can tolerate. For all the acylureas tested, mortality increased with temperature when either newly hatched or fourth-instar larvae were given insecticide in their food. Sub-lethal growth inhibition also became more pronounced at progressively higher environmental temperatures. This temperature dependence of acylurea action was not due to altered uptake of the insecticide, since there was no significant variation with temperature in the amount of [14C]flufenoxuron taken up by fifth-instar larvae when given a single meal containing labelled insecticide. Additionally, mortality of fourth-instar larvae given a single intra-haemocoelic injection of flufenoxuron was significantly greater at higher temperatures, implying that temperature affects a process that occurs after insecticide uptake. The intrinsic ability of acylureas to inhibit chitin synthesis is temperaturesensitive, since flufenoxuron inhibited the incorporation of [14C]N-acetylalucosamine into chitin by proleg epidermis in vitro significantly less well at 20°C than at the higher temperatures tested. However, there was no significant variation between the effectiveness of in-vitro chitin synthesis inhibition at 25, 30 and 35°C. These data show that the effectiveness of acylurea insecticides is subject to strong temperature effects in the range of temperatures likely to be experienced in the field. 相似文献