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排序方式: 共有1160条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Manuel F. Chamorro Paul H. Walz Deborah M. Haines Thomas Passler Thomas Earleywine Roberto A. Palomares Kay P. Riddell Patricia Galik Yijing Zhang M. Daniel Givens 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2014,78(2):81-88
Colostrum-replacement products are an alternative to provide passive immunity to neonatal calves; however, their ability to provide adequate levels of antibodies recognizing respiratory viruses has not been described. The objective of this study was to compare the serum levels of IgG at 2 d of age and the duration of detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) in calves fed maternal colostrum (MC) or a colostrum replacement (CR) at birth. Forty newborn male Holstein calves were assigned to the CR or the MC group. Group CR (n = 20) received 2 packets of colostrum replacement (100 g of IgG per 470-g packet), while group MC (n = 20) received 3.8 L of maternal colostrum. Blood samples for detection of IgG and virus antibodies were collected from each calf at birth, at 2 and 7 d, and monthly until the calves became seronegative. Calves in the MC group had greater IgG concentrations at 2 d of age. The apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG was greater in the MC group than in the CR group, although the difference was not significant. Calves in the CR group had greater concentrations of BVDV neutralizing antibodies during the first 4 mo of life. The levels of antibodies to BRSV, BHV-1, and BPIV-3 were similar in the 2 groups. The mean time to seronegativity was similar for each virus in the 2 groups; however, greater variation was observed in the antibody levels and in the duration of detection of immunity in the MC group than in the CR group. Thus, the CR product provided calves with more uniform levels and duration of antibodies to common bovine respiratory viruses. 相似文献
62.
Colin Cameron Patricia Bell-Rogers Rebeccah McDowall Ana R. Rebelo Hugh Y. Cai 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2014,78(4):260-266
This study analyzed sheep prion protein (PrP) genotypes of samples submitted from Ontario and other provinces of Canada to the Animal Health Laboratory at the University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, between 2005 and 2012. In Ontario, the proportion of scrapie-resistant sheep increased from 2005 to 2012 as evidenced by an increase in the ARR haplotype. When Canadian provinces (Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia) were compared from 2008 to 2012, a high proportion of scrapie-resistant sheep was found in all the provinces. The proportions of resistant sheep were lower in Alberta and Quebec than in Ontario and Nova Scotia. Alberta had higher proportions of susceptible sheep and a higher frequency of VRQ alleles, and Quebec had a higher frequency of the ARQ allele. 相似文献
63.
Jane C.F. Chang Paul Ciaccio Patricia Schroeder Lindsay Wright Russell Westwood Anna-Lena Berg 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2014,27(1):31-42
AZD3783, a cationic amphiphilic drug and a potent inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine
(5-HT1B) receptor, was explored as a potential treatment for depression. To
support clinical trials, repeat dose toxicity studies in rats and dogs were conducted.
Here we report toxicity findings in dogs after dosing from 1 to 3 months. In the 1-month
study, there were minimal neuronal vacuolation in the brain, a marked increase in liver
enzymes accompanied by hepatocellular degeneration/necrosis and phospholipidosis (PLD),
and PLD/cholecystitis in the gallbladder of animals dosed at 47 mg/kg/day. In the 3-month
study, neurotoxicity resulted in euthanasia of one animal dosed at 30 mg/kg/day after 86
days. Extensive pathologic changes were seen in all animals in retina epithelium
(inclusion bodies), brain (neuronal vacuolation, degeneration, or necrosis and nerve fiber
degeneration), spinal ganglia (vacuolation, degeneration, or necrosis), as well as sciatic
and optic nerves (degeneration). Pigment-laden macrophages were observed in the lung,
kidney, liver, gallbladder, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and lymphoid tissues.
Also seen were vitrel and retinal hemorrhage in the eyes. A brain concentration and
pathology study showed that the concentration of AZD3783 in the brain was approximately 4
times higher than in the plasma after 4 weeks of dosing, however, they were similar in all
regions examined, and did not correlate with areas with pathologic findings. Our findings
with AZD3783 in dogs have not been reported previously with other CNS compounds that
effect through serotonergic pharmacology. 相似文献
64.
Patricia Yumi Morimoto Kofuji Atsushi Akimoto Hidetsuyo Hosokawa & Toshiro Masumoto 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(7):696-703
Seasonal variations in pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities and protein digestibility were studied in yellowtails (Seriola quinqueradiata) reared for 1 year with extruded diets containing different levels of protein. Trypsin and chymotrypsin storage levels in the digestive tissues of starved fish were affected by seasonal changes in water temperature. Actual digestion activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were low at lower water temperatures, but pepsin activity in the stomach tissue was not affected by low temperatures. On the other hand, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the intestinal contents were higher during lower water temperature months, while pepsin activity in the stomach contents was low at lower water temperatures. Apparent protein digestibility (APD) did not differ among the dietary treatments in the higher water temperature months, while in colder months it was higher in fish fed diet 1 than in fish fed diets 2 and 3. The APD values reflected pepsin activity in the stomach contents in all sampling months. Therefore, lower APD in colder months seems to be attributed to lower protease activity in the gastric digesta, implying that enhanced pepsin secretion from the stomach tissue might improve protein digestibility and growth performance in yellowtails during winter. 相似文献
65.
66.
Ammonia distribution and excretion in fish 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
This paper reviews the literature concerning ammonia production, storage and excretion in fish. Ammonia is the end product of protein catabolism and is stored in the body of fish in high concentrations relative to basal excretion rates. Ammonia, if allowed to accumulate, is toxic and is converted to less toxic compounds or excreted. Like other weak acids and bases, ammonia is distributed between tissue compartments in relation to transmembrane pH gradients. NH3 is generally equilibrated between compartments but NH4
+ is distributed according to pH. Ammonia is eliminated from the blood upon passage through the gills. The mechanisms of branchial ammonia excretion vary between different species of fish and different environments, and primarily involves NH3 passive diffusion and NH4
+/Na+ exchange. Water chemistry near the gill surface may also be important to ammonia excretion, but a more accurate measurement of the NH3 gradient across the gill epithelium is required before a more detailed analysis of NH3 and NH4
+ excretion can be made. 相似文献
67.
Manipulations of Shrimp Embryos: A Viable Technique for the Removal of the Hatching Envelope 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John W. Lynn Patricia S. Glas Philip L. Hertzler Wallis H. Clark Jr. Jeffrdy D. Green 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(1):1-5
The hatching envelope elevated around the spawned eggs of penaeoidean eggs presents a formidable barrier for manipulation of the embryo. By spawning eggs into seawater containing 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and subsequently passing the eggs through Nitex screening approximately 45 min after spawning, the hatching envelope can be effectively removed with little or no damage to the embryos. The time and extent to which the envelope is removed can be varied. Embryos treated in this manner continue to develop and the method provides a new technique with which investigators can gain access to the surface of the egg or embryo. 相似文献
68.
Silvia Carolina Moreno-Rivas Concepción Lorenia Medina-Rodríguez Patricia Isabel Torres-Chávez Benjamín Ramírez-Wong Luis Carlos Platt-Lucero 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2014,69(2):148-154
The extrusion process allows the production of nixtamalized corn flour rich in arabinoxylans, which help to prevent cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. During extrusion, physiochemical properties of nixtamalized corn flour are negatively modified. The use of enzymes such as xylanase in order to obtain nixtamalized corn flour using extrusion has been studied as an alternative to reduce these changes in corn flour tortilla. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in protein solubility of extruded nixtamalized corn flour with and without different concentrations of xylanase enzyme (0.05, 0.075, and 0.1 %, w/w). Soluble proteins of each corn flour were extracted and analyzed by SE-HPLC, while insoluble proteins were determined by the combustion method. In addition, each corn flour was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the extruded nixtamalized corn flour, with and without xylanase, increased the protein solubility, and this effect was lower in extruded nixtamalized corn flour with xylanase. Insoluble protein diminished in corn flours either with or without xylanase enzyme. The addition of xylanase reduces the effect that the extrusion process has on the solubility proteins of extruded nixtamalized corn flour. 相似文献
69.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain germination is required to perform the malting process. Maintenance of barley seed viability during storage is crucial for the malt industry; and modern cultivars are bred for rapid grain dormancy release after physiological maturity. Low dormancy level combined with rain close to harvest induces pre-germination/pre-harvest sprouting damage. Pre-germination might not affect viability in the short term after harvest, but it could reduce potential longevity (Ki) of a barley seed lot. Ki value is inherent for each barley lot; however, its determination is time-consuming which precludes its assessment at an industrial scale. In this study we sought quantitative relationships between Ki and the pre-germination degree of barley grain lots, assessed through quality tests routinely performed by malthouses [Falling Number (FN), α-Amylase Activity and Carlsberg]. Field pre-germinated lots from one old barley cultivar (Quilmes Palomar) and artificially pre-germinated lots from major varieties currently grown in Argentina were used. Associations between Ki and values obtained from all quality tests analysed were found for Q. Palomar. However, FN was the parameter that yielded the best and simplest explanation of Ki variability. A significant positive linear Ki -FN relationship was also obtained for each modern barley cultivar. 相似文献
70.
Nicole L. Vollmer Patricia E. Rosel Keith D. Mullin Lori H. Schwacke Lance P. Garrison Brian C. Balmer Kevin Barry Anthony Martinez Brian M. Quigley Carrie Sinclair Todd R. Speakman Jesse Wicker Lynsey Wilcox Eric S. Zolman 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2951-2966
- Population structure of highly mobile marine organisms can be complex and difficult to study, but it is important to understand how populations partition themselves within their environment for accurate assessment of both natural and anthropogenic impacts and successful management. The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill negatively impacted common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) within Mississippi Sound and the surrounding north central Gulf of Mexico (GOMx); however, little was known about their underlying population structure in these waters. Thus, it was unclear how many demographically independent populations were affected by the spill.
- Common bottlenose dolphin samples were collected throughout inshore waters of Mississippi Sound and coastal waters of the north-central GOMx. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequence data and 19 nuclear microsatellite loci were analysed to determine how many populations are present and characterize their range throughout these waters.
- Bayesian clustering and migration analyses identified two genetically distinct and demographically independent populations: one predominantly inhabiting Mississippi Sound and adjacent coastal waters, and a second population extending generally from offshore of Mobile Bay, Alabama, east along the Florida Panhandle. Neither of these populations align with the currently delineated management stocks previously used to estimate impacts from the oil spill on common bottlenose dolphins in this portion of the GOMx.
- These results suggest that revisions may be necessary so that management stocks accurately represent the demographically independent populations present in these waters. Furthermore, better comprehension of underlying population structure will enhance impact assessments on common bottlenose dolphins and provide more appropriate baseline data to support future restoration and conservation objectives.