Background: Invasive electrophysiology study (EPS) is one of the most important adjunct tests for the evaluation of arrhythmias in human medicine. However, EPS is neither well known nor widely used in veterinary medicine.
Objective: To define the values for intracardiac conduction parameters determined during invasive EPS in dogs.
Animals and methods: The study included 16 admitted dogs of various breeds, sex and ages and 6 control Beagles. In the Beagles, EPS was performed twice at 6-month intervals in order to verify the reproducibility of the results.
Results: No significant differences were found between the results of the baseline and repeated EPS performed in the Beagles. We found retrograde conduction in 13 (59%) out of 22 dogs and including 4 (31%) animals with concomitant ‘jumps’ in the atrioventricular node conduction curve, pointing to the presence of dual conduction in this node. The mean values of the AV and retrograde VA Wenckebach points equaled to 220 and 360 ms, respectively, suggesting that the capability of the descending route is higher than that of the ascending route.
Conclusion: The values determined in this study may be helpful in early detection of abnormalities in the electrical conduction system of the heart. 相似文献
The extent of the risk of (Z)- and (E)-1,3-dichloropropene and their transformation products (Z)- and (E)-3-chloroallyl alcohol causing a hazard to the quality of groundwater pumped up for public water supply from below flower-bulb fields has been evaluated. The 1,3-dichloropropenes were incubated at 10°C in water-saturated subsoil material from three such fields. A first stage with gradual transformation was followed by a second stage with comparatively rapid transformation and after three months negligible amounts remained. The 3-chloroallyl alcohols were incubated at 15°C in soils from the root zone of the same fields. Complete transformation had occurred in about a week or even less. The 3-chloroallyl alcohols were also incubated in the water-saturated subsoil material at 10°C. Again, a first stage with gradual transformation was followed by a second stage with fast transformation. In most instances, the concentrations had fallen to a very low level within three months. It was concluded that it is unlikely that residues in the upper groundwater would permeate into the deeper groundwater pumped up for public water supply. 相似文献
The PA28 activator γ‐subunit encoded by the PSME3 gene is the third component of the PA28 activator complex, which is the 11S regulator of the 20S proteasome. The open reading frame (ORF) sequence of the porcine PSME3 gene encoding the proteasome activator γ‐subunits (or proteasome activator subunit 3) was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 100% identity with the corresponding human and murine sequence. Two single nucleotide substitutions, one located in intron 5 (I5), the other one in exon 8 (E8), were detected using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment‐length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP). Analysis on allele frequencies of the two polymorphic sites determined in different pig breeds (Duroc, Tibet, Qingping, Meishan, Erhualian and Mingzhu) showed large differences between Duroc and Chinese indigenous pig breeds investigated. The PSME3 gene was physically assigned to SSC12p11 – (2/3) p13 in the vicinity of the GH gene. This result provides an additional type I marker to the GH linkage group on SSC12. 相似文献
A model for the transport of pesticides in non-structured arable soil has been tested under field conditions. Three classes of sorption site are distinguished in the model. Sorption at class 1 sites is assumed to be at equilibrium whereas sorption at class 2 and class 3 sites is calculated using rate equations. Class 2 sites equilibrate on a time scale of days and class 3 sites equilibrate on a time scale of hundreds of days. In the model, the liquid phase is assumed to be homogeneous and completely mobile. The model was validated in two field experiments on a loamy sand soil using the herbicides cyanazine and metribuzin and using bromide ion as a tracer of liquid flow in soil. Ignoring sorption at class 3 sites resulted in large discrepancies between calculated and measured concentration profiles. Calculated concentration profiles were sensitive to the desorption rate constant for class 3 sites. 相似文献
Improved understanding of the biology of traits of livestock species necessitates the use and combination of information that is stored in a variety of different sources such as databases and literature. The ability to effectively combine information from different sources, however, depends on a high level of standardization within and between various resources, at least with respect to the used terminology. Ontologies represent a set of concepts that facilitate standardization of terminology within specific domains of interest. The biological mechanisms underlying quantitative traits of farm animal species related to reproduction and host pathogen interactions are complex and not well understood. This knowledge could be improved through the availability of domain-specific ontologies that provide enhanced possibilities for data annotation, data retrieval, data integration, data exchange, data analysis, and ontology-based searches. Here we describe a framework for domain-specific ontologies and the development of 2 first-generation ontologies: Reproductive Trait and Phenotype Ontology (REPO) and Host Pathogen Interactions Ontology . In these first-generation ontologies, we focused on "female fertility in cattle" and "interactions between pigs and Salmonella". Through this, we contribute to the global initiative toward the development of an Animal Trait Ontology for livestock species. To demonstrate its usefulness, we show how REPO can be used to select candidate genes for fertility. 相似文献
The duration of electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters: PQ, QT and R-R intervals change during long-term and short-term observation as the consequence of the fluctuations in autonomic nervous system activity among others dependent on the exercise and resting. There is no data of horse breed influence on these parameters. The aim of the study was to assess the duration and the variability of the PQ, QT and R-R intervals in the resting conditions and after exercise testing in Anglo-Arabian horses. Material and Methods: 27 healthy Anglo-Arabian horses aged 3.4 +/- 1.0 years (15 male, 12 female) had ECG examination in the standing position using Einthoven system of leads. The longest and the shortest PQ, QT and R-R intervals were measured after night rest and after exercise testing and the means were calculated. Conclusions: 1) In Anglo-Arabian horses the difference between the longest and the shortest PQ interval at rest vs. after exercise is 0.06 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.02, QT interval is 0.04 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.04, R-R interval 0.19 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.11. 2) The PQ and R-R intervals reveal high short-term variability either at the resting conditions or after exercise testing. 3) After exercise testing PQ, QT and R-R intervals are shorter than at the resting conditions. The delta PQ and R-R are 2 times smaller in contrast to delta QT which is constant. 4) The PQ and R-R interval variability was greater at the baseline condition than after exercise testing. The QT variability was similar at baseline condition to that after exercise testing. 相似文献
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) are the most common diseases noted in dogs. Although their pathogenesis varies, both include a significant enlargement of the left atrium.The study was carried out on left atrial specimens obtained from 56 dogs, including those from 34 dogs with clinically diagnosed MMVD, 15 dogs with DCM and 7 dogs without heart disease (control group). Dogs in the MMVD and the DCM groups presented with left atrial enlargement and stage D heart failure. The specimens underwent immunohistochemical examination using desmin, vimentin, periostin and caspase-3 antibodies.
Results
There were alterations in the expression of the studied proteins in the study groups compared to the control group. The changes included: irregularity of desmin cross-striation and desmosomes, a higher amount of vimentin-positive cells, a change in the periostin expression pattern from cytoplasmic to extracellular, and a lower expression of caspase-3. The alterations were more pronounced in the DCM group than in the MMVD group.
Conclusions
During heart failure, the pattern of desmin, vimentin, periostin and caspase-3 expression alters in the left atrium, regardless of the cause. The changes are more pronounced in dogs with DCM than in dogs with MMVD and similar left atrial enlargement, suggesting that volume overload may not be the only cause of myocardial changes in DCM.