Efficacy of Fresh-Frozen Plasma and Cryoprecipitate in Dogs with von Willebrand's Disease or Hemophilia A

Here we report the comparative efficacy of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and Cryoprecipitate in the treatment of 2 inherited bleeding disorders in dogs. The dogs were divided into 3 groups, consisting of 4 Doberman Pinschers with type I von Willebrand's disease (vWD) (group I), 1 Scottish Terrier with type III vWD (group 2), and 4 German Shepherd Dogs with hemophilia A (group 3). In vWD, therapeutic efficacy was determined by the ability of the products to increase von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentrations above 35 canine units (CU)/dL and to correct the prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time. Therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A was assessed by the ability of the products to increase the factor VIII coagulant (FVIII:C) activity above 30 CU/dL. In both groups 1 and 2, higher increases in vWf:Ag were achieved with Cryoprecipitate than with FFP, despite a significantly smaller total amount of vWf:Ag (in CU) being infused with Cryoprecipitate. The maximum vWf:Ag attained after infusion in group 1 was dependent on both the baseline vWf:Ag concentration and on the type of infusion product. The dogs with vWD in both groups also displayed a delayed increase in FVIII:C activity after infusion of both plasma products, which is characteristic of the disease. In group 3, Cryoprecipitate achieved similar increases in FVIII:C activity compared to FFP, although a significantly lesser amount of FVIII:C (in CU) was delivered with Cryoprecipitate. Six of the 9 dogs treated with FFP experienced adverse effects ranging from mild pruritus to pallor and weakness, whereas none of the 9 dogs treated with Cryoprecipitate had any observable adverse reactions ( P = .009). Based on its efficacy and safety, we recommend Cryoprecipitate over FFP for treatment or prophylaxis of hemorrhagic episodes in dogs with vWD or hemophilia A.     

Predominance and association of pathogenic fungi causing Fusarium ear blightin wheat in four European countries

Two years of field sampling aimed to establish the predominance and association among the fungal pathogens causing Fusarium ear blight (FEB) in four European countries (Hungary, Ireland, Italy and the UK). A PCR-based method was used to detect four Fusarium species and two varieties of Microdochium nivale present in the samples. The prevalence of FEB pathogens differed significantly between countries. Overall, all pathogens were commonly detected in Ireland and to a lesser extent in the UK. In contrast, only two species, F. graminearum and F. poae, were regularly detected in Italy and Hungary. Fusarium culmorum was rarely detected except in Ireland. Log-linear models were used to determine whether there is the independence of the six FEB pathogens at each sampling site. Significant two-pathogen interactions were frequently observed, particularly in harvest samples; all these significant two-pathogen interactions were of the synergistic type, except between F. poae and F. culmorum, and were generally consistent over the 2 years and four countries. Fusarium graminearum and F. poae were least frequently involved in two pathogen interactions but were involved in most of the nine significant three-pathogen interactions. However, only the interaction between F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae was significant in both years. Potential implications of the present results in FEB management are discussed.     

母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对仔鼠脑组织的氧化损伤及乙酰半胱氨酸的保护效应

45只怀孕SD母鼠被随机分为9组,即A组（对照组,饮用蒸馏水）、B组（铅组,300mg／L）、C组[铅＋N-乙酰半胱氨酸（N-NAC）组,300mg／L＋20mmol／L]、D组（镉组,10mg／L）、E组（镉＋NAC组,10mg／L＋20retool／L）、F组（低剂量铅镉联合组,150mg／L＋5mg／L）、G组（低剂量铅镉联合＋NAC组,150mg／L＋5mg／L＋20mmol／L）、H组（高剂量铅镉联合组,300mg／L＋10mg／L）、Ⅰ组（高剂量铅镉联合＋NAC组,300mg／L＋10mg／L＋20mmol／L）。采用饮水染毒,染毒时间为21d,分娩后每窝随机选取6只乳鼠测定脑匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（TChE）活性和丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果表明,低剂量铅镉联合作用具有中间效应（介于铅、镉单独毒性作用之间）,而高剂量铅镉联合作用表现协同或叠加效应。NAC拮抗组与染毒组比较,MDA含量显著降低,SOD、GSH—Px、TChE、CAT活性有升高趋势,说明NAC可以提高大鼠的抗氧化能力,对母鼠铅镉暴露所致新生鼠脑脂质过氧化损伤有一定的保护作用。     

Gastric Helicobacter species as a cause of feline gastric lymphoma: a viable hypothesis

Gastric Helicobacter spp. are associated with chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation in humans as well as domestic and laboratory species. The present study examined the association of Helicobacter heilmannii (Hhe) infection in pet cats with feline gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Tissues were collected via gastric biopsy or at necropsy from 47 pet cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease, including vomiting and inappetance, and classified as gastritis (14/47), lymphoma (31/37), or normal (2/47). Tissues positive for argyrophilic organisms with Warthin–Starry stain (29/47) were assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the presence of Hhe strains 1–4 as well as with a fifth probe that detected Helicobacter salomonis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii, or Helicobacter felis. A significant association of positive Warthin–Starry status with Hhe infection was found in cases of sick cats (22/29; p < 0.05 by Chi-square; χ² = 7.034). Interestingly, a significant association between Hhe status and a diagnosis of lymphoblastic or lymphocytic lymphoma was observed as well in a subset of 24 Warthin–Starry positive lymphoma cases: of lymphoblastic lymphoma cases, 13/17 were positive for Hhe (p < 0.05; χ² = 4.854). Hhe strains 2 and 4 were most commonly found (18/29 and 17/29, respectively) among sick cats, although a higher than expected number of cats was also positive for Hhe1, which initial reports have described as rare in cats and common in humans. The association found between a positive Hhe status with the presence of feline gastric lymphoma, especially lymphoblastic lymphoma, argues for the need to conduct prospective studies to better identify the frequency and strain distribution of Hhe infection in both healthy and clinically ill cats, particularly those cats with gastric lymphoma.     

An explorative study comparing skin surface lipids in the West Highland white terrier dog with and without atopic dermatitis

BackgroundThe skin barrier is important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and stratum corneum lipids have a critical role. Skin surface lipids have been largely overlooked but also contribute to barrier function. An untargeted approach was used to compare the skin surface lipids from atopic and non-atopic West Highland White terrier dogs (WHWT).ObjectivesThe primary hypothesis was that a difference in the lipidome would exist. The secondary hypothesis was that affected and unaffected skin lipids would differ.Animals and methodsThis prospective, cross-sectional, case-controlled study included thirty-nine privately owned WHWTs. Dogs were assigned to one of four disease status groups based on strict criteria. Samples for lipid analysis were collected from the skin surface of unaffected and affected sites. Lipid analysis was by untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and utilised lipid identification software packages. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) statistical methods analysed the association between the relative lipid abundance and disease status and affected and unaffected skin.ResultsSamples for lipid analysis found 421 lipid soluble features of which ten lipids were positively identified. Statistical analysis could not distinguish between non-atopic and atopic dogs but did reveal a statistically significant difference in the lipid profiles from affected and non-affected skin irrespective of disease status.ConclusionsA large array of unidentified lipids from the skin surface were found with a difference between affected and unaffected skin unrelated to disease status. Investigation into the lipidome of the skin surface is an emerging area of research with clinical and therapeutic applications.     

宁夏吴忠地区奶牛临床型乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解宁夏吴忠地区奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌及其耐药情况,采集56份罹患乳房炎的奶牛乳样进行病原菌分离,并对分离菌进行了生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因序列分析、药敏试验以及耐药基因检测.结果表明,该地区的主要病原菌为大肠埃希氏菌和无乳链球菌,检出率分别为23.2％和14.3％.药敏试验结果表明,大肠埃希氏菌主要对头孢他啶、...     

Resource landscapes and movement strategy shape Queensland Fruit Fly population dynamics

Context

Animal population dynamics are shaped by their movement decisions in response to spatial and temporal resource availability across landscapes. The sporadic availability and diversity of resources can create highly dynamic systems. This is especially true in agro-ecological landscapes where the dynamic interplay of insect movement and heterogeneous landscapes hampers prediction of their spatio-temporal dynamics and population size.

Objectives

We therefore systematically looked at population-level consequences of different movement strategies in temporally-dynamic resource landscapes for an insect species whose movement strategy is slightly understood: the Queensland Fruit Fly (Bactrocera tryoni)

Methods

We developed a spatially-explicit model to predict changes in population dynamics and sizes in response to varying resources across a landscape. We simulated the temporal dynamics of fruit trees as the main resource using empirical fruiting dates. Movement strategies were derived from general principles and varied in directedness of movement and movement trigger.

Results

We showed that temporal continuity in resource availability was the main contributing factor for large and persistent populations. This explicitly included presence of continuous low-density resources such as fruit trees in urban areas. Analysing trapping data from SE Australia supported this finding. We also found strong effects of movement strategies, with directed movement supporting higher population densities.

Conclusions

These results give insight into structuring processes of spatial population dynamics of Queensland Fruit Fly in realistic and complex food production landscapes, but can also be extended to other systems. Such mechanistic understanding will help to improve forecasting of spatio-temporal hotspots and bottlenecks and will, in the end, enable more targeted population management.

     

蒙古虫实化学成分预试验

采用植物化学成分系统预试和专项预试相结合的方法,对采自内蒙古阿拉善盟左旗草场的蒙古虫实地上部分全草进行了化学成分预试验.结果表明,蒙古虫实中含有生物碱、糖、甙类、氨基酸及多肽、皂甙、鞣质、有机酸、黄酮、挥发油、蒽醌;可能含有甾体和三萜类物质、强心甙、香豆素或萜类内脂、酚类物质;不含氰甙和脂肪族硝基化合物.     

兴安落叶松天然林不同林分结构林木水平分布格局特征研究

通过样地调查,分析了不同结构草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林林木分布格局特征。研究表明:(1)年龄36 - 65年草类-落叶松林和年龄54 - 63年杜香-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布、随机分布和聚集分布所占比例分别为6.2%、50%、43.8%;(2)按林型分,草类-落叶松林分布格局中,均匀分布和随机分布所占比例均11.1%,聚集分布占77.8%。杜香-落叶松林分布格局均为随机分布;(3)树种组成在6落4阔 - 10落范围内,草类-落叶松林和杜香-落叶松林分布格局主要为聚集分布和随机分布两种类型。聚集分布主要集中在树种组成7落3阔 - 9落1阔范围内。     

西部地区高校武术竞技水平发展现状研究——以新疆维吾尔自治区为例

采用数据分析法、问卷调查法和文献资料法,以2011年新疆自治区大学生武术竞赛为研究视角和研究对象,对西部地区高校竞技武术水平现状进行分析和研究。研究发现,目前新疆37所普通高校中石河子大学、新疆医科大学竞技武术水平较为突出,其次是新疆大学和新疆师范大学,新疆昌吉学院和教育学院竞技武术训练发展较为普及和重视。分析认为,影响西部地区高校竞技武术发展水平的因素有高校武术运动员选材机制和培养模式、高校体育竞技武术管理模式、武术文化底蕴和校园武术文化氛围等多方面因素。