利用沙尘暴进行荒漠化草原表土再造技术原理及实践

依据风沙学原理,利用沙尘暴现象对内蒙古荒漠草原进行了表层土壤再造试验。采用地表撒松散杂草(秸秆)后用尼龙网罩固定的方法,拦截沙尘暴所携带的尘土。再造后的土壤掩埋了裸露的植物根系和地表面的砾石,比对照土壤有效锌增加114.8%、有机质增加33.3%、全氮增加77.1%、有效磷增加150.0%、速效钾增加7.8%、pH值降低了1.3%。此方法为如何利用沙尘暴这一自然现象开辟了新的思路。     

UV-Fenton法降解废水中苯酚的研究

［目的］探索紫外光助Fenton法降解废水中苯酚的效果。［方法］研究H2O2 和FeSO4 加入量、pH值及反应时间对苯酚降解率的影响。［结果] 试验结果得出,采用紫外光助Fenton法处理浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚废水,最佳条件为H2O2 浓度为3.0 mmol/L; FeSO4 浓度为0.3 mmol/L; pH值3.5。降解行为符合一级反应动力学,其反应速率常数为0.077 7 min^-1。［结论］UV-Fenton法是一种非常有效的去除废水中苯酚的方法。     

部分景天属植物DNA条形码引物的筛选

[目的]对景天属植物分类所需用的相关DNA条形码引物进行筛选。[方法]以景天属(Sedum)中的佛甲草、八宝景天、华北景天、费菜、垂盆草5种植物为研究材料,采用CTAB法分步提取核DNA和叶绿体DNA,PCR扩增筛选引物,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR扩增产物。[结果]从psb A-trn H、rop B、rbc L、rpo C1、ITS 2、mat K 6个候选序列引物中初步筛选出适合景天属植物DNA条形码的4对引物——psb A-trn H、rop B、rpo C1、ITS 2,这4对引物的扩增率均达到100%。[结论]为景天属植物DNA条形码研究提供相关依据。     

藿芪灌注液质量标准研究

目的建立藿芪灌注液质量标准.方法采用薄层色谱法对处方中淫羊藿、红花、丹参与益母草进行TLC定性鉴别;使用WondaSil C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相∶乙腈-水(28∶72),柱温40℃,检测波长270nm,进样量10μL,流速1.0mL/min测定淫羊藿苷的含量;使用ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),漂移管温度为90℃,载气流速为2.5L/min,流动相∶甲醇-水(65∶35),柱温40℃,流速1mL/min,用蒸发光散射检测器测定黄芪甲苷的含量.结果 TLC鉴别色谱图分离效果好,阴性对照无干扰,专属性强,重复性好;测定淫羊藿苷与黄芪甲苷含量表明,分别在2.336~58.4μg/mL(r=0.999 9)和0.047 8~0.478mg/mL(r=0.999 6)范围内与峰面积成较好的线性关系;其平均加样回收率分别为100.2%,RSD=0.45%和99.26%,RSD=1.46%.结论所建立的特征图谱专属性强、准确可行、简便、可快速用于定性鉴别、定量检测,可有效地用于该制剂的质量控制方法.     

Inactivation of fenitrothion on stored maize at different moisture contents

Biological activity of fenitrothion on stored maize at various moisture contents and at different times after application was measured by biological assay using adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Inactivation of actual residues over time was then determined after making the necessary allowance for chemical breakdown. At a given moisture content, the inactivation process was substantially completed during the first 6 weeks after application and loss of effectiveness from 6 weeks onwards resulted mainly from chemical breakdown. At a given time after application, residues were less active at higher moisture content (m.c). Differences in activity between moisture contents were apparent within a few hours of application and continued to increase for up to 3 days, with relatively little change thereafter during storage of 24 weeks. Thus after 24 weeks, residues on maize of 18% m.c. had an activity about 20% that of similarly-aged residues at 10% m.c. and 4% that of freshly-applied residues at 10% m.c. These results were in general accord with changes in the proportion of the residue which was collected from the kernels by a surface wash with methanol, this readily-extractable residue presumably representing the insecticide that may be picked up by insects.