菠菜胆碱单氧化酶(CMO)基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的诱导表达

甘氨酸甜菜碱是一种非毒性的渗透调节物质 ,在植物体内是以胆碱为底物 ,经两步氧化而合成的 .菠菜中 ,催化第一步反应的酶为胆碱单氧化酶 (CholineMonooxygenase ,CMO) .为了研究胆碱单氧化酶基因的功能以及转基因植物的抗逆能力 ,在 30 0mmol L高盐浓度 (n(NaCl)∶n(CaCl2 ) =5 7∶1)的条件下 ,作者分离纯化了菠菜mRNA ,经RT PCR得到全长 (1.3kb)胆碱单氧化酶 (CMO)cDNA ,与已经报道的基因序列相比较 ,同源性为 99% .根据其核苷酸序列推导得到了氨基酸序列 .将PCR纯化产物与pET 30a+ 连接 ,构建了重组表达载体pETCMO ,并转化到大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3) ,经IPTG诱导获得高效表达 .     

山茶花翻译控制肿瘤蛋白CjTCTP基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

采用电子克隆方法从山茶花的EST数据库中获得了一条TCTP基因,并命名为CjTCTP,使用生物信息学方法对该基因编码蛋白从氨基酸组成、理化性质、跨膜结构域、疏水性/亲水性、信号肽、亚细胞定位、高级结构及功能域和进化树等方面进行了预测和分析。结果表明:山茶花CjTCTP基因全长706bp,包含507bp的完整开放阅读框,编码168个氨基酸;编码蛋白含有TCTP1及TCTP2保守域,是TCTP superfamily家族;从信号肽的预测可知,该蛋白不存在信号肽,可能为可溶性蛋白;亚细胞定位显示其可能位于细胞质中;同源性分析表明,该蛋白序列与拟南芥、橡胶树、玉米等物种TCTP蛋白序列的相似度达80%以上。     

家蝇不同虫态附着蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子能力及与其体表结构的关系

【目的】研究家蝇成虫、幼虫和蛹附着蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子的能力及与其体表结构的关系,为解释虫生真菌对同一昆虫不同虫态间的致病性差异提供科学依据。【方法】采用2种不同接菌方法（浸泡虫体法、喷雾虫体法）,通过血球计测量家蝇3种虫态（成虫、幼虫和蛹）体表附着的蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子数,并利用扫描电子显微镜等显微技术观察3种虫态的体表超微结构及附着分生孢子情况。【结果】2种接菌方法测得家蝇3种虫态附着的蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子数量差异显著（P<0.05）,均表现为成虫＞蛹＞幼虫。显微观察发现,家蝇成虫周身密集着刚毛、鬃和微毛等体壁外长物,微毛上附着大量的蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子,孢子分泌粘液进一步加强附着作用;蛹体大量分布着呈环状的皱褶,在体节接合处有稀疏的棘刺带,蛹体上无分生孢子附着;幼虫体表几乎无皱褶,只在体节接合处附近有带状棘刺,其体表也无孢子附着。【结论】家蝇成虫、幼虫和蛹附着蜡蚧轮枝菌分生孢子的能力与其体表结构有密切关系。     

不同种植方式对烟田氮素径流损失的影响

氮素流失引起的肥料氮利用率低问题长期困扰着广东等南方多雨烟区烤烟种植业的可持续发展。通过在广东南雄烟区的大田小区试验,探讨了不同种植方式对植烟土壤氮素径流损失的影响。结果表明:(1)地膜覆盖处理(T2)平均单次径流量和产流系数分别为44.11mm和48.90%,分别相当于裸地种植处理的109.6%和113%,覆膜明显提高了烟田径流量和产流系数;(2)烤烟生长期间,与不施氮的裸地种植处理比(T0),施氮的裸地种植处理(T1)极显著地提高了烟田氮素流失量(P0.01),供氮起到了加剧烟田氮素流失的明显作用。相同施氮量条件下,覆膜处理(T2)硝态氮径流损失量(28.14kg/hm2)比裸地种植处理低40%(P0.05),显著减少了烟田氮素的径流损失;(3)烤烟集中供基、追氮的中前期,烟田径流硝态氮浓度波动较大,径流硝态氮损失累计量呈近线性上升变化,覆膜处理有显著降低硝态氮径流损失的明显作用(P0.01);烤烟后期径流硝态氮呈持续下降的变化趋势,盖膜处理对降低烟田氮素流失的作用明显减弱。(4)与相同施氮量的裸地种植处理比较,盖膜处理对减少烟田氮素径流损失的作用,起到促进土壤硝态氮积累、提高烤烟氮肥表观利用率的作用效果(P0.05)。     

In vivo anti-influenza virus activity of an immunomodulatory acidic polysaccharide isolated from Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans

An acidic polysaccharide (APS) was isolated from the extract of Cordyceps militaris grown on germinated soybeans. Analyses of sugar composition indicated that APS consisted of d-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, and D-galacturonic acid. On the basis of the result of methylation analysis, APS was considered to be mainly composed of Araf-(1-->, -->5)-Araf-(1-->, -->4)-Galp-(1--> and -->4)-GalAp-(1--> residues. When the polysaccharide was intranasally administered, it decreased virus titers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the lung of mice infected with influenza A virus and increased survival rate. Furthermore, APS increased TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels in mice when compared with those of untreated mice. APS enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production and induced iNOS mRNA and protein expressions in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. The induction of mRNA expression of cytokines including IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha was also observed. These results demonstrated that APS might have beneficial therapeutic effects on influenza A virus infection at least in part by modulation of the immune function of macrophages.     

Composites of polyolefin elastomer reinforced with short carbon fiber and its copolymerization conditions

To study the effects of short carbon fiber (SCF) on the properties of the polyolefin elastomers (POEs), we prepared the poly(ethylene-co-1-hexene) (PEH)/SCF composites at different percentages of SCF. We also prepared polyethylene (PE)/SCF composites to compare with PEH/SCF composites. PEH was synthesized by the copolymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene using metallocene catalyst/cocatalyst system. Optimum stirring speed, Al/Zr feeding molar ratio, polymerization time, and polymerization temperature were 700 rpm, 600, 30 min, and 60 °C, respectively. We investigated the morphology of the composites using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and found that the wettability of SCF in PEH/SCF composites was fairly better than that of SCF in PE/SCF composites. It was observed from mechanical tests that the ultimate tensile strength and tensile modulus of PEH/SCF composites were remarkably enhanced as the SCF content increased, whereas those of PE/SCF composites were a little increased. PEH/SCF composites exhibited lower crystallinity than PE/SCF ones. Thermal stability of the composites was enhanced by the addition of SCF.     

黄秋葵新品种美洲1号引种试验

通过对加勒比地区引进的黄秋葵新品种美洲1号进行引种和栽培试验,对其生育期、农艺性状、产量性状及抗性等方面进行调查研究。结果表明,美洲1号黄秋葵是一种熟期晚、果大、抗性强、产量高、适应性好的品种,在汕尾市等南亚热带地区有一定的推广应用价值。     

Comparison of surgical treatment options for cranial cruciate ligament disease in large-breed dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle

Objective— To identify surgical techniques performed by veterinary surgeons for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in large-breed dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA), compare their outcomes, identify risk factors for postoperative complications, and compare outcome and complication rate with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs without eTPA.
Study Design— Multicenter, case–control study.
Animals— eTPA group (TPA≥35°)=58 dogs (78 stifles); control group (TPA≤30°)=58 dogs (72 stifles).
Methods— Control and eTPA group dogs were identified. Medical records, radiographic reviews, and pet-owner interviews were used to identify surgical treatments performed, their complications, and outcome. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, χ² tests, and t-tests were calculated to discern differences between eTPA and control-group dogs.
Results— TPLO was the most common treatment for eTPA. Owner-perceived outcome was superior for eTPA group dogs when TPLO resulted in TPA≤14° compared with those with postoperative TPA>14°. Loss of tibial plateau leveling during convalescence was the most commonly observed major complication; addition of ancillary implants to TPLO significantly reduced its incidence. Postoperative complications were more common in dogs with eTPA than in dogs without eTPA; however, no difference in owner-perceived outcome was identified.
Conclusions— Surgical treatment of dogs with eTPA has a higher complication rate, but comparable outcome to that of dogs without eTPA.
Clinical Relevance— Postoperative TPA≤14° and addition of ancillary implants are recommended when using TPLO to treat dogs with eTPA.     

Pathogenicity of Edwardsiella tarda to olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel)

The LD50 and cytotoxic and enzymatic activities of both cells and extracellular products (ECPs) of eight Edwardsiella tarda strains were determined and their bacterial superoxide dismutase gene (sodB) and catalase gene (katB) were sequenced. Strains were also examined for their ability to resist the immune responses of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. LD50 values of strains (FSW910410, KE1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) in olive flounder ranged between 10(2.5) and 10(5.3) cfu (colony forming units) per fish. Unlike the avirulent strain SU100 (LD50>or=10(7)), all pathogenic strains were able to survive in flounder serum and head kidney leucocytes (except for KE2). The virulent strains possessed type I sodB and katB, whereas SU100 had type II sodB but not katB. However, there was no difference between avirulent and virulent strains in haemolytic and cytotoxic activities. The results of this study demonstrated that the ability of E. tarda to resist complement activity and phagocytosis is conferred by its superoxide dismutase and catalase, which thus play an essential role in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. In addition genotyping of sodB and kat B proved to be a very useful tool to distinguish virulent from avirulent strains.     

虫生真菌蝉拟青霉及其角变株的比较研究

蝉拟青霉GZUIFR-JZD3菌株在沙氏培养基上可产生孢子型(JZD3-C)和菌丝型(JZD3-M)两类不同的角变。为了进一步研究其差异,笔者比较了两个角变株与原始菌株(JZD3)在不同培养基上的生长及产孢量。研究了其对甘蓝蚜的致病性并测定了它们的胞外多糖、蛋白酶、蛋白质、SOD和POD的含量。结果表明:3个菌株形态差异较大,在多数培养基上,JZD3生长最快,产孢量最大;胞外多糖、SOD、POD含量以及对蚜虫致病率也是JZD3菌株最佳;而蛋白酶和蛋白质含量则分别是JZD3-C和JZD3-M较高。