Towards sustainable exhibits – application of an inorganic fertilization method in coral reef fish larviculture in an aquarium

Coral reef fish are collected from the wild and exhibited in aquaria worldwide. Some of the fish spawn in captivity; however, the eggs are usually neglected. In this study, we collected the eggs spawned naturally in the exhibit tanks, hatched and cultured them indoor in 2000‐L fibreglass tanks (initial density = 18 000 egg tank^?1). We applied an inorganic fertilization method commonly used in freshwater fish culture in raising these coral reef fish larvae. We maintained inorganic phosphorus concentration at 100 μg P L^?1 and inorganic nitrogen at 700 μg N L^?1 daily in the fertilized group (n = 4), while the control tanks (n = 4) were fed with rotifers (10 ind mL^?1). Chlorophyll a at particle sizes of both 0.45–20 μm and >20 μm, as well as NH₃‐N, NO₃‐N, and PO₄‐P concentrations were significantly higher in the fertilized group than the control. Zooplankton in the size groups of 10–50 μm (mainly flagellates) and 50–100 μm (mainly ciliates) were abundant (about 10~60 ind mL^?1) during 3–7 days in fertilized tanks. The average larval fish survival rate at 21 day after hatch in fertilized group was consistently higher than the control in two trials. The experiments demonstrated that the inorganic fertilization approach can be successfully adapted for coral reef fish culture in an aquarium to achieve sustainable exhibits.     

大菱鲆测量性状对体重的影响效果分析

选取了初孵仔鱼90日龄的大菱鲆114尾,测定了全长、体长、头长、吻长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长和体重等8项性状。采用相关分析和通径分析方法,剔除了与体长有共线性的自变量全长,计算了以测量性状为自变量对体重依变量的相关系数、通径系数、决定系数及相关指数,建立测量性状对体重的回归方程。结果表明,大菱鲆7个测量性状均与体重的相关系数达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）;体长、体高和尾柄高对体重的通径系数达到显著水平,是直接影响体重的重要指标,决定系数分析结果与通径分析结果有一致的变化趋势;所选测量性状与体重的复相关指数为R^2=0.895,是影响体重的主要自变量;多元回归分析建立了体长（X2）、体高（X5）和尾柄高（X6）对体重（Y）的回归方程。     

河北省水产养殖业现状与展望

本文着重讲述了河北省海水养殖浅海区和沿海滩涂分布概况.海水养殖区的浅海水域的养殖面积利用,沿海岸各市滩涂养殖面积的利用,渔业和养殖业、水产品养殖业现状,陆基型海水工厂化集约式室内苗种生产和养殖品种、养殖生产方式组成及其存在(1)海水养殖生产模式的调整;(2)海域(水源)养殖环境净化的调整;(3)各种疾病的发生;(4)科技力量不足、经费匮乏、学位和成果等良莠不齐;(5)开发海水养殖业的健康和生态系养殖工程;(6)增加海水养殖业的基础性设施建设投资诸问题与展望进行了全面的分析.     

Growth and ontogenetic development of digestive functionality in black Amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis)

The function of digestive physiology during ontogenetic development is essential to ensure high survival and growth rates. In order to evaluate the digestive physiological capacity of the black Amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis), changes of morphology and digestive enzyme activity (trypsin, lipase, amylase, pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase) in larvae were examined from hatching to 40 days after hatching (DAH). Results indicated that fluctuation patterns differed between the total and specific activities of the digestive enzymes. The total activities of these six enzymes gradually increased throughout the fish growth. The specific activity of trypsin peaked at 5 DAH and then decreased dramatically, while it increased remarkably again from 8 to 10 DAH and remained stable level after 20 DAH. Pepsin activity was first examined in M. terminalis at 15 DAH and gradually elevated towards the end of the experiment. The specific activity of lipase displayed obvious peaks at 5 and 20 DAH. For the amylase, its specific activity reached plateau at 4 DAH, underwent sharp decrease, and remained stable after 20 DAH. In addition, we found that the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase raised significantly from hatching to 5 DAH, and tended to keep slight fluctuation after 15 DAH. From the above, we concluded that the specific activities of digestive enzymes in the larvae varied constantly from 3 to 20 DAH and turned relatively stable after 20 DAH. The present study provides effective information that is useful to improve the seedling cultivation and the technology for healthy breeding.     

检出虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei)的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)群体的体长和体重关系

对采自天津、浙江和山东等养殖场5个凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei)群体的442尾个体进行虾肝肠胞虫(Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei,EHP)的TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR检测,并测量各群体每尾对虾的生物学体长和体重.引入医学上的劳累尔(Rohrer)体重指数(Ponderal index,PI,W/L3)关系建立对虾体重(W)和体长(L)关系函数.结果显示,4个凡纳滨对虾的EHP阳性群体[平均体长为(5.37±1.19) cm]的体重指数PI平均值为(5.19±0.26)×10-3 g/cm3,EHP阴性群体的凡纳滨对虾群体[平均体长为(2.49±0.21)cm]为(7.96±0.51)×10-3 g/cm3,根据PI=a·L(b-3)的函数矫正EHP阴性和阳性群体的体长差异引起的PI差值后,同等体长EHP阳性群体的PI值为阴性群体的(70.5±8.7)％,表明同样大小的个体,EHP阳性群体的平均体重比阴性群体平均体重低30％;EHP阳性群体中凡纳滨对虾体长和体重的变异系数是EHP阴性群体的(2.39±0.93)和(2.05±0.86)倍,表现为对虾EHP阳性群体个体大小不均匀;EHP阳性群体体重偏差率是EHP阴性群体的2.34-3.45倍,体长相同时,EHP阳性的体重波动变大.     

应用双抗夹心ELISA法检测皱纹盘鲍致病病原—创伤弧菌的研究

以皱纹盘鲍脓足病致病病原－ － 创伤弧菌为抗原,制备兔抗血清,抗体纯化后以辣根过氧化物酶标记,建立检测创伤弧菌的双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ 检测法。结果表明,双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ 法有较高的灵敏度,可检出含菌１０４ 个／ｍｌ 的菌悬液。与创伤弧菌对照菌株有明显的阳性反应不与副溶血弧菌、溶藻胶弧菌、河流弧菌等８ 株对照菌株产生影响检测结果的交叉反应。应用该法检测３０ 份病鲍样品,阳性检出率为６６ ．７ ％ 。     

对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒的精细结构、核酸、多肽及血清学研究

对纯化的对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）进行了超微结构、紫外吸收、核酸类型及多肽ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ的研究。同时用单克隆抗体对ＨＨＮＢＶ的两分离株和ＭＢＶ进行了血清学比较研究。用ＴＭＶ作为内标定物测得病毒粒子大小为１５０ｎｍ×４５０ｎｍ，其衣壳为两个帽状物端夹１３圈螺旋对称的园柱体结构。病毒在２６０ｎｍ处吸光系数为０．１１７ｍｇ／ｍＬ／ＯＤ２６０。病毒核酸为双链ＤＮＡ，分子量大于３５×１０６ｄ。病毒囊膜有１２种主要多肽。病毒衣壳有两种主要多肽。从寿光（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７）和青岛（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３８）分离到的病毒种在ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ和抗ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ反应上没有显著差异。ＨＨＮＢＶ与斑节对虾杆状病毒（ＭＢＶ）在抗原决定簇上存在差别。     

鱼体组织中MS-222的高效液相色谱分析方法

建立了高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析鱼体组织中MS－222含量的方法。样品用重蒸水匀浆,离心（12000r/min)15min,取上清液过膜（0.45μm),用YWG－C18分析柱,流动相为0.2mol/L,磷酸缓冲液（pH值3.1):甲醇＝85：15,紫外检测波长223nm,此法回收率较高,重现性好。     

不同小麦品种(系)抗倒伏性状多样性分析

为了综合评价不同小麦材料的不同生育时期抗倒性,明确影响小麦倒伏的关键因素,以147份我国育成的主推小麦品种及新育成的小麦品种（系）为研究对象,在开花期、灌浆期和乳熟期测定其10个倒伏性相关性状,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析法对这些小麦材料抗倒性进行综合评价。结果表明,10个抗倒伏相关性状在不同基因型间、气候因素间及生育时期间均存在显著的变异;在不同生育时期,性状间的相关性基本一致,均表现为基部茎节壁厚度、实心度、茎秆强度对小麦的抗倒伏性具有一定的积极作用,株高、重心高度、基部茎节长度、髓腔直径具有一定的消极作用。主成分分析显示,茎秆强度是影响植株抗倒性的最关键性状。基于三个生育时期主成分的综合因子得分的聚类分析显示,有70份材料的综合抗倒性优良,其中部分新育成小麦材料抗倒性表现优异,可作为小麦强秆抗倒改良育种资源使用。     

春季灌水和追氮对北京冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

为明确灌水模式及追氮量对北京小麦生长发育和产量的影响,通过裂区试验,分别以灌水和追氮量为主副区。其中,灌水在各处理均灌溉越冬水600 m·hm^-2和灌浆水450 m·hm^-2基础上,设置4种春季灌水模式即返青水300 m·hm^-2+拔节水450 m·hm^-2(W1)、返青水750 m·hm^-2 (W2)、起身水750 m·hm^-2(W3)、拔节水750 m·hm^-2(W4);追氮量设75、120、165、210和255 kg·hm^-2 5个水平（分别用N1、N2、N3、N4、N5表示）。通过田间调查和室内考种分析了不同水氮条件下小麦群体和个体性状及产量的差异。结果表明,不同水氮处理相比,起身期灌水追氮促进了小麦植株基部第一节间的伸长,进而导致株高增加,加大了倒伏风险;返青期+拔节期灌水追氮有利于小麦穗发育,获得较少不孕小穗数和较高穗粒数。在所有处理中,返青+拔节两次灌水追氮处理的产量较高,其中W1N2处理的产量最高（7 728.0  kg·hm^-2）。因此,在北京地区小麦种植中可采用春季返青期+拔节期两次灌水追氮的水氮管理模式。