昆虫种群控制系统的信息处理（一）：控制指数与种群系统的控制

在种群系统的信息处理中,本文着重讨论控制指数在种群系统控制中的应用。控制指数是以系统方法改进昆虫种群生命表和Morris-Watt种群数学模型的基础上,采用排除分析法、添加分析法和干扰分析法提出的一个指数。在各种边界因子中提取的控制作用的信息。其量纲是各环相同的。通过建立的模型,转换为与种群系统传输相同的量纲,才能把各个边界因子的控制信号直接输入种群系统的联系之中。控制指数把控制信号转换为存活概率或达到标准卵量的概率,即与系统传输的量纲取得一致,从而可以作为边界因子控制作用的一个“纂子”,直接镶嵌于系统传输之中。这将便于种群系统控制的研究。     

不同种属动物的胆汁对某些生理功能与形态结构的影响

对几种不同种属的动物胆汁通过一系列试验与观察表明,其生理效应主要是引起动物心率减慢,呼吸加快和血压下降,并以鲩鱼(又称草鱼 Ctenopnaryngodon indells)胆汁的这种作用表现最为显著。后者对试验动物的一些组织器官有毒性作用。表现为血液循环紊乱、血管损害和实质细胞变性;30％的鲩鱼胆汁滴眼还可招致动物失明。本项试验结果获得资料表明,由于不同种属的动物胆汁的成分和效应并不一样,有时这种差异会很大,故在应用上应持谨慎态度。     

广西细腹食蚜蝇一新种

本文记述了采自广西的细腹蚜蝇-新种——黄尾细腹食蚜蝇Sphoerophoria flavianusanaLi et Pang sp.nov.,模式标本存放于华南农业大学昆虫标本室.     

早稻三化螟生命表及其分析

本文应用昆虫生命表方法研究三化螟的发生量预测及其致量控制问题,试验在广东省海陵岛进行,当地的主要为害世代为第二世代,根据这个特点,以当代实际卵量与前一世代的顶期卵量的比率,即有效卵量概率,作为连续世代的连接点,组建自越冬幼虫至第二世代的连续生命表,应用排除作用控制指致评价重要因子和分析关健因子的作用,试验结果说明,越冬后幼虫至蛹的死亡,特别是第一世代有效卵量概率对第二世代数量的影响甚大;第一世代幼虫侵入后至第二世代期间,自然种群的发展过程比较稳定,根据第一世代卵量估计第二世代的数量有可能获得较好的顶测结果。     

Protective effect of vitamin C and lycopene on the in vitro fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm by inhibiting the oxidative stress

The fertilization capacity of sex-sorted sperms is seriously decreased, which inhibits its wide application. However, little information is still available about the effect of vitamin C (VC) and lycopene (Lyc) on the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm. In this study, the washing medium and fertilization medium of sex-sorted sperm from three bull individuals were supplemented with different concentrations of VC (0, 1 × 10^–3, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6 M) or Lyc (0, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6, 1 × 10^–7). After washing twice and incubation for 1.5 hr, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, membrane potential (Δψm) and IVF (in vitro fertilization) ability of sex-sorted sperm were investigated. For the sex-sorted sperm of bulls A, B and C, 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc treatment significantly decreased their MDA levels and PS translocation and increased their Δψm levels and cleavage rates after IVF. When blastocysts were concerned, 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc significantly improved the blastocyst rates and their IFN-tau expression of bulls A and C. In conclusion, supplementation of 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc in washing and fertilization medium contributed greatly to improving the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm during IVF procedure.     

Polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex genes and its associations with milk quality in Murrah buffaloes

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Animal breeding programs have used molecular genetic tools as an auxiliary method to identify and select animals with superior genetic merit for milk...     

Combinations of cactus pear with different roughage sources on the production,chemical composition,and milk fatty acid profile of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The qualities of food, mainly of animal origin, have always been of concern to consumers. It is known that the composition of animals’ diets can...     

Sodium hydroxide or urea pretreatment of acerola (Malpighia emarginata) fruit residue increases dry matter degradability and reduces methane production in in vitro rumen fermentation

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different concentrations of either urea or NaOH in dehydrated acerola (Malpighia emarginata) fruit...     

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine in horses recovering from isoflurane anesthesia

This study determined the pharmacokinetics and compared the clinical effects of xylazine and dexmedetomidine in horses recovering from isoflurane anesthesia. Six healthy horses aged 8.5 ± 3 years and weighing 462 ± 50 kg were anesthetized with isoflurane for 2 hr under standard conditions on two occasions one-week apart. In recovery, horses received 200 μg/kg xylazine or 0.875 μg/kg dexmedetomidine intravenously and were allowed to recover without assistance. These doses were selected because they have been used for postanesthetic sedation in clinical and research studies. Serial venous blood samples were collected for quantification of xylazine and dexmedetomidine, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Two individuals blinded to treatment identity evaluated recovery quality with a visual analog scale. Times to stand were recorded. Results (mean ± SD) were compared using paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-ranked test with p < .05 considered significant. Elimination half-lives (62.7 ± 21.8 and 30.1 ± 8 min for xylazine and dexmedetomidine, respectively) and steady-state volumes of distribution (215 ± 123 and 744 ± 403 ml/kg) were significantly different between xylazine and dexmedetomidine, whereas clearances (21.1 ± 17.3 and 48.6 ± 28.1 ml/minute/kg), times to stand (47 ± 24 and 53 ± 12 min) and recovery quality (51 ± 24 and 61 ± 22 mm VAS) were not significantly different. When used for postanesthetic sedation following isoflurane anesthesia in healthy horses, dexmedetomidine displays faster plasma kinetics but is not associated with faster recoveries compared to xylazine.