丹参主要农艺性状与丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸B的相关性及通径分析

采用田间小区试验,对27个丹参品系的形态学性状与丹参酮ⅡA、丹酚酸B的含量进行相关性及通径分析。结果表明,丹参酮ⅡA含量与花轮数、根条数呈显著正相关。丹酚酸B含量与分枝数呈显著正相关,与花枝数呈极显著正相关。可见,花轮数、根条数和分枝数可作为高丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量丹参品种选育的重要指标。     

Deep Gluteal Abscess in a Zebra (Equus burchelli boehmi)

A male zebra aged about 7 years, weighing approximately 250 kg showed signs of lameness on its hindquarter. It was treated by the zoo veterinarians symptomatically, and it recovered. However, there was recurrence of the symptoms after 1 month. The animal was treated with fluid, electrolyte, antibiotic, and analgesic therapy. The hematology and serum biochemistry profiles were tested and found within the normal range. The animal was tranquilized, and physical and external examinations were conducted. Radiological examination of hoof ruled out any chances of laminitis or any other hoof deformities. Per-rectal examination along with flexion and extension of the hind limbs could not reveal any abnormalities. However, there was no improvement, and finally it died. Postmortem examination revealed an internal deep gluteal abscess. This is a rare report of deep gluteal abscess in a zebra. The difficulties encountered in diagnosing the case and its serious possible complications and possible methods of diagnosing have been described, which may help future equine and wildlife vets in diagnosing such cases successfully and may help in saving the precious lives of the patients suffering from such conditions.     

Melanopsin (Opn4) requirement for normal light-induced circadian phase shifting

The master circadian oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained to the day/night cycle by retinal photoreceptors. Melanopsin (Opn4), an opsin-based photopigment, is a primary candidate for photoreceptor-mediated entrainment. To investigate the functional role of melanopsin in light resetting of the oscillator, we generated melanopsin-null mice (Opn4-/-). These mice entrain to a light/dark cycle and do not exhibit any overt defect in circadian activity rhythms under constant darkness. However, they display severely attenuated phase resetting in response to brief pulses of monochromatic light, highlighting the critical role of melanopsin in circadian photoentrainment in mammals.     

Illumination of the melanopsin signaling pathway

In mammals, a small population of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) plays a key role in the regulation of nonvisual photic responses, such as behavioral responses to light, pineal melatonin synthesis, pupillary light reflex, and sleep latency. These ipRGCs also express melanopsin (Opn4), a putative opsin-family photopigment that has been shown to play a role in mediating these nonvisual photic responses. Melanopsin is required for the function of this inner retinal pathway, but its precise role in generating photic responses has not yet been determined. We found that expression of melanopsin in Xenopus oocytes results in light-dependent activation of membrane currents through the Galpha(q)/Galpha(11) G protein pathway, with an action spectrum closely matching that of melanopsin-expressing ipRGCs and of behavioral responses to light in mice lacking rods and cones. When coexpressed with arrestins, melanopsin could use all-trans-retinaldehyde as a chromophore, which suggests that it may function as a bireactive opsin. We also found that melanopsin could activate the cation channel TRPC3, a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila phototransduction channels TRP and TRPL. Melanopsin therefore signals more like an invertebrate opsin than like a classical vertebrate rod-and-cone opsin.     

Feasibility and sizing of unlined on-farm pond for partial rice substitution in rainfed uplands of eastern India

Rice (Oryza sativa L.)-dominated rainfed uplands of eastern India are facing two major problems such as lack of irrigation water sources and low productivity. In fact, unlined on-farm pond (OFP) technology in this terrain could prove to be an effective agricultural drought mitigation measure for monsoon crops but failed to ensure supplemental irrigation (SI) to the next winter crops. Consequently, the OFP technology could not pick up in the region. In order to overcome the shortcomings in the technology, the location of the OFP has been changed and a new concept of partial rice substitution (PRS) has been introduced in the present study to provide SI for the second crop in winter. Maize (Zea mays L.) and rice crops at upper and lower compartments of the field, respectively, were tried at various crop substitution ratios (CSR) of 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 during monsoon season. Rainfall excess from both the compartments was harvested in an unlined OFP located in between the compartments and used for providing SI. In winter, black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and mustard (Brassica campestris) were taken in the upper and lower compartments, respectively, based on availability of water in the OFP. Water balance models were used to simulate the soil moisture in crop root zone as well as storage of water in the OFP. The optimal size of such unlined OFP for average land holdings (1200 m²) in rainfed uplands and under 60:40 CSR was found to be occupying 6 % area of the crop field.     

Cytogenetics of interspecific hybrids in the genus Capsicum L.

Summary Crosses between a wild species C. chacoense and three cultivated species of chili pepper viz. C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense yielded hybrids when C. chacoense was the seed parent but the reciprocal crosses were unsuccessful. C. chacoense × C. annuum F₁ hybrids were partly fertile and therefore an F₂ population could be raised; the other two F₁ hybrids were totally sterile. Chromosome pairing in the F₁ plants resulted largely in bivalents and a few multivalents and univalents. The genomes of the four species share large homologies and the role of chromosome structural changes in genome differentiation is suggested. Hybrid sterility is the major reproductive isolation mechanism.     

Growth, Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Responses in Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) under Short-term Salinity Stress and its Recovery

Spatio-temporal differences under short-term NaCl-salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 m m l⁻¹) stress for 24 h and post-NaCl recovery after 24 h on the growth, water relations, ionic composition, proline and antioxidants of 12-day-old roots, stem and leaves of Vigna radiata were observed. Fresh and dry weight, relative water content and K⁺ ion decreased, whereas, Na⁺ ion and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio increased significantly in roots, stem and leaves. Post-NaCl recovered roots, stem and leaves showed similar results with lower values. Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments decreased significantly in the leaves. Peroxide and lipid peroxidation level increased significantly with higher ratio in stressed compared to recovered leaves. Ascorbate and proline content increased significantly with no significant change in glutathione content in stressed roots, stem and leaves. Significant decrease in protein content, SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR activities was observed in roots with no significant change in stem and leaves. The recovered parts showed similar results except increased POX and GR activities showing a tissue-specific response to NaCl-salinity stress. Improved tolerance to salt stress may be accomplished by increased capacity of antioxidative defence system and by lower level of lipid peroxidation and improvement in the plant water status, activities of some of the antioxidants in the recovered parts suggest that significant tissue differences in response to salt stress in V. radiata is closely related to differences in the activities of antioxidants, ion and proline content.     

富马海松酸的制备(英文)

介绍了山乔松(印度兰松)(Pinus wallichiana)松脂直接制备富马海松酸(FPA)的二种实验室方法:(1)松脂200克、富马酸20克、乙醇1000毫升置三颈瓶中混合并回流48小时,静置过夜、减压吸滤分离出粗FPA,冷乙醇洗数次得纯FPA晶体,190～230℃真空干燥3小时,得率48％,酸价420,熔点295～298℃,[α]D(CHCl_3)±42.5~0;(2)松脂200克、富马酸35克置三颈瓶中在220—225℃下激烈搅拌3小时,由冷却器收集松节油,瓶中粗FPA冷却后加入苯、乙醇混合液(15:85)500毫升,混匀过夜,减压吸滤分离出粗FPA,以冰冷苯、乙醇(15:85)混合液洗数次,得纯FPA纯白色晶体,190—230℃真空干燥2.5小时,得率42％,酸价420,熔点285—287℃,[α]D(CHCl_3)+42.7℃。 纯FPA作了红外、核磁共振、质谱和气液色谱仪器分析予以证实。