Mites associated with budgerigars Melopsittacus undulatus (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) and the first report of Ornithonyssus bursa (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) in Mexico

Background:Hematophagous mites affect numerous bird species, causing severe injuries to the budgerigars. Some species can cause dermatitis in humans.Aims:The purpose was to morphologically identify the mites related to budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and their nests in Yucatan, Mexico.Methods:In May 2022, a private budgerigar hatchery was visited and mites were collected from the bodies of the birds and their nests. The morphological traits of the mites were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.Results:Four of 30 birds showed severe clinical signs of mite infestation. The Budgerigars revealed lesions in the cere, nostrils, eyelids, beak, and paws. The bird’s skin showed signs of dryness and beige coloring. The birds with severe damage also presented anorexia and had deformed paws and beaks. The parasitosis was caused by the “burrowing mites,” Knemidocoptes pilae. The burrowing mites and the Grallacheles bakeri were recovered and identified from paw scabs. To eliminate mites, a topical application of Ivermectin was administered to the necks of the birds. The dose was a single, which has a residuality of 21 days. Two drops (0.115 mg/ml) of ivermectin were applied to each bird. A gradual reduction in crusted lesions due to mite mortality was noted. The “tropical fowl mite” Ornithonyssus bursa was identified in the nests, which represents the first record in Mexico.Conclusions:Three species of mites were discovered in a single budgerigar hatchery. This emphasizes the importance of deworming birds and keeping a clean environment in their cages to reduce the potential for parasitic mite infestation.     

Age changes in extramural digestive glands of sheep and rabbits in the postembryonic period

Background:The study of the peculiarities of the anatomy of sheep and rabbits’ digestive systems is an important way to improve the efficiency of these animals’ breeding.Aim:The aim of the presented research was to study structural changes of such digestive glands as the liver and the pancreas which occur in the process of ontogenesis in sheep and rabbits.Methods:Sheep of the “Kazakh fat-tailed semi-coarse-wooled” breed (n = 8) raised in the “Sayan” private peasant agriculture and rabbits of the “Grey Giant” breed (n = 8), raised on the mini rabbit farm of the Agriculture Faculty of Shakarim University were used in the research.Two experimental animal groups were formed (of sheep, “Kazakh fat-tailed semi-coarse-wooled” breed, n = 8; rabbits, “Grey Giant” breed, n = 8). The liver and pancreas’ ontogenesis development has been studied in these animals.Results:The study presents a holistic view of the macro-microscopic structure of the liver and the pancreas of animals in crucial age periods, stages, and phases of postembryonic ontogenesis (by the example of sheep and rabbits). The authors have traced age stages of adaptive change and structural-functional change of stromal-parenchymatous structures of the liver in sheep and rabbits taking into account stages and crucial phases of development.Conclusion:Development of the liver and the pancreas are characterized by discontinuous growth in the process of postnatal ontogenesis. A crucially important period is the first months after birth, during which the weight and functionality of these organs grow rapidly.     

雷竹覆盖栽培失败原因浅析

总结了嵊州市雷竹覆盖栽培技术推广应用经验,对嵊州市的雷竹覆盖栽培失败典型事例进行了认真的剖析,提出了嵊州市雷竹覆盖栽培的对策与措施和4点建议。     

合生素对肉鸭生产性能及胴体品质的影响

选用1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭新生雏144只,按体质量随机分为3组,每组设3个重复,每重复16只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组添加5mg／kg黄霉素基础日粮,试验组1和组2在基础日粮中分别添加0．05％和0．10％合生素。结果表明,日粮中添加合生素对肉鸭日增质量、胸肌率和腿肌率有显著影响;对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响;对肉鸭的成活率、屠宰率和皮脂率无显著影响。与抗生素组相比,具有相似的作用。试验组1的日增质量比对照组提高8．56％,比试验组2提高5．54％,比抗生素组提高4．34％;试验组1的料肉比与对照组降低11．52％,比试验组2降低3．29％,比抗生素组降低3．24％。     

用SSR标记初步分析高州普通野生稻的籼粳分化

利用34对SSR引物对高州普通野生稻(简称"高野",下同)7个自然居群217份个体进行研究,并结合统计软件进行遗传距离和遗传结构分析.通过已明晰籼、粳类型的中国栽培稻微核心种质作对照检测,所用引物能有效区分籼粳亚种,并在高野材料中扩增出籼稻带型、粳稻带型以及野生稻特殊带型.结果表明,高野群体总体比较原始,已经出现了籼粳分化,其中偏粳多于偏籼,但这种分化是初步的.本研究为进一步明确高野在中国栽培稻的起源演化上的地位、并对其有效的发掘利用提供科学参考.     

高质量浓度CO对福州基调树种光合作用特性的影响

模拟高质量浓度的CO环境,对福州城市基调树种小叶榕(Fious microcarpa var.pusillifolia)和羊蹄甲(Bauhinia blakeana)的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)进行为期1a的定位观测。结果表明:受到高质量浓度CO胁迫后,小叶榕叶片比羊蹄甲叶片受害程度轻,没有出现受害坏死的现象。对4个季节的小叶榕和羊蹄甲的受害程度比较发现,夏季2树种叶片受害均尤为严重。从植物的光合作用角度来看,在高质量浓度CO环境下,小叶榕和羊蹄甲的净光合速率和蒸腾速率均表现为明显的下降,这表明在高质量浓度的CO胁迫下,植物的正常生理活动受到一定的限制,严重时甚至会导致植物的死亡。     

户外教育为基础的高校公共体育教学实践研究*

运用文献资料法、实地考察法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对高校户外教育为基础的公共体育教学中课程结构,教学设计、内容、时间分配及整体教学效果进行了实践检验和分析研究。研究表明,高校公共体育“全人教育”模式具有时代性、可行性和科学性,教学过程不仅注重体验与参与的重要性,也注重学生身体、心理、技术、组织参与等全面素质的培养,课程内容设置科学,课堂时间分配合理,整体教学效果良好,为新时期高校公共体育教育改革提供了借鉴参考。     

不同氮磷浓度对蛋白核小球藻砷富集和转化的影响

氮(N)、磷(P)是影响蛋白核小球藻生长的重要因素,通过改变培养液中N、P的浓度,可能实现对蛋白核小球藻富集砷(As)进行调控。为探讨N、P浓度对这种微藻吸收As的影响是否与其生长变化有关,采用室内培养实验,首先研究不同N、P浓度对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响;进而选择不影响小球藻生长的N(247、24.7 mg·L-1)、P(6、0.6 mg·L-1)浓度组合,设置0.8、8 mg·L-1的亚砷酸盐(As3+)和砷酸盐(As5+)处理3 d,研究N、P浓度对小球藻As富集和转化的影响。结果表明,当P浓度为6 mg·L-1时,N浓度降低到24.7 mg·L-1不会影响小球藻对As3+和As5+的富集及其胞内As形态的转化;而当N浓度为247 mg·L-1时,P浓度降低到0.6 mg·L-1则会显著增加小球藻对As3+和As5+的吸收和富集,藻细胞内As5+还原、甲基化和外排也显著增强。因此,在不影响小球藻细胞生长的条件下,P对其As富集和转化过程的影响比N更为显著。     

Immunohistochemical study on changes in gill Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit during smoltification in the wild masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Changes in immunoreactivity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase -subunit in gill sections of wild masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) during the parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) were compared with changes in gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase specific activity. Gill Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase specific activity increased from April and peaked in May. Immunohistochemical analysis, using an antiserum against a synthetic oligopeptide based on the conserved region of the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase -subunit, revealed that immunoreactivity was confined to chloride cells in the surface layer of primary lamellae and the proximal end of secondary lamellae. The size and number of these cells increased gradually from February to May; however, the number of chloride cells of the secondary lamellae decreased in May. These data suggest that the synthesis of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and the proliferation of chloride cells occur prior to the elevation of enzyme activity. Moreover, it is likely the proliferation and hypertrophy of chloride cells on primary lamellae prepare smolts for entry into seawater and migration in the ocean.     

The role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem

We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem, and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish guild system.