安徽省土壤侵蚀及防治问题

阐述了安徽省土壤侵蚀的地区分布与危害程度,回顾了水土保持方面取得的成效,并对几个重点流失地区提出了防治策略。     

云南文山州畜禽饲用秸秆的糖、蛋白和脂类养分的含量和综合等级

研究旨在阐明云南文山州常用畜禽饲用秸秆的糖、蛋白和脂类养分的含量和综合等级,为该州饲用秸秆的养分评价和配置提供依据。以文山州近年广大畜禽养殖户常用的草果、‘西畴芭蕉芋’、‘文金1号’、‘文紫椒3号’、小米辣、滇重楼、象草和玉米‘文青贮2号’秸秆为材料,用分光光度法测定了秸秆的可溶性糖、总淀粉和可溶性蛋白质含量,用凯氏定氮法和索氏抽提法分别测定了粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量,并用隶属函数法评价了秸秆糖、蛋白和脂类养分的综合等级。结果表明：滇重楼秸秆的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均最高,分别为163.603±0.218 mg/g(DW)和16.637±0.038 mg/g(DW),‘文青贮2号’秸秆的总淀粉和粗脂肪含量均最高,分别约为283.008±2.507 mg/g(DW)和(3.598±0.055)%,‘文紫椒3号’秸秆的粗蛋白含量最高,约为(11.864±0.202)%;可溶性糖、总淀粉、可溶性蛋白质、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量在不同秸秆间的差异均达到极显著水平;8种秸秆糖、蛋白和脂类养分的综合等级为：滇重楼>‘文青贮2号’>小米辣>‘文紫椒3号’>西畴芭蕉芋>象草>‘文金1号’>草果。     

兴隆山自然保护区华北珍珠梅物候期对水热条件的响应

华北珍珠梅(Sorbaria kirilowii)为蔷薇科珍珠梅属植物,具有抗病虫害等生态价值,是兴隆山自然保护区内主要的灌木种。本研究通过对甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区内华北珍珠梅2004-2007年及2012-2015年9种物候特征的观察,分析了华北珍珠梅各物候期的变化趋势以及各物候期与月平均气温和月降水量的相关关系。结果表明,华北珍珠梅的春季物候期多数呈现推迟趋势,而秋季物候期主要呈现提前趋势,整个生长季的时间每年缩短达15.49d。华北珍珠梅物候期的变化趋势与月平均气温和月降水量具有密切的相关关系,其中开花期和果实膨大期与4月份的平均气温间呈显著的负相关关系(P0.05),发芽期与2月份降水量,抽枝期与5月份降水量以及果实膨大期与7月份降水量均呈显著负相关关系(P0.05),而果实成熟期与10月份降水量呈显著的正相关关系(P0.05)。因此,受水热条件影响的华北珍珠梅生长季的缩短不仅会降低其生长繁殖,也会减少灌木层的郁闭度,不利于生活在灌木层的动物,如濒危物种马麝(Moschus sifanicus)等的栖息。     

烤烟套种甘薯对烟叶质量、烟薯产量及土壤温湿度的影响

为筛选出适宜与烤烟套种的甘薯品种,解决部分烟区烤烟种植调茬难度大与综合效益低等问题,通过田间大区试验,研究烤烟套种不同甘薯品种对烟叶质量、烟薯产量及土壤温湿度的影响。结果表明,烟薯套种能够明显提升土壤相对含水率和烟叶产量,其相对含水率提高幅度介于12.03%~91.88%,烤烟产量增幅为12.29%~31.26%。烤烟套种甘薯以紫薯产量最高,块根产量达29400 kg/hm ²,且单薯质量大于100 g占总薯重的比例在紫薯中最高。烤烟套种甘薯提升了烤烟中上部烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量,降低了烟碱和总氮含量,有利于改善烟叶内在品质。烤烟套种甘薯降低了上部烟叶含梗率,但增大了上部烟叶叶面密度,以烤烟套种紫薯表现突出。烤烟与紫薯套种,可作为一种烟田增产、烟叶增值和烟农增收的种植模式。     

一种适用于双向电泳的家蚕微孢子虫总蛋白的制备方法

本文对适用于双向电泳的微孢子虫总蛋白提取方法进行了探讨。研究表明,采用液氮多次冻融结合手工研磨,再用裂解液抽提的方法能够得到产率较高且适用于双向电泳的家蚕微孢子虫总蛋白。     

p53V149F突变打靶载体及细胞模型的构建

目的构建p53基因突变模型,为研究p53基因突变引发肿瘤的发生和进展提供细胞模型资源。方法利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,根据 p53^V149F 突变位点的序列,在线设计合成单链向导sgRNA,构建CRISPR打靶载体;将重组载体转染细胞,流式分选阳性细胞群,提取细胞基因组,Sanger测序分析Cas9核酸酶对靶位点的切割情况,构建同源修复模板,通过T7EN1试验进一步检测编辑效率;将重组载体和同源模板通过电转染方法共同转染至成纤维细胞中,通过单克隆挑取、PCR和Sanger测序鉴定挑取含目标突变的细胞株。结果成功构建靶向p53基因目标区域的CRISPR/Cas9打靶载体;获得5个含目标突变的克隆点,点突变率为10%,测序结果出现套峰,表明出现基因型多样化;1个细胞克隆的测序结果无杂峰,TA克隆鉴定结果表明：一个等位基因存在p53^V149F位点突变,另一个等位基因存在240 bp缺失。结论成功构建了含p53^V149F的细胞系,并对基因的功能进行了初步验证,为进一步构建两基因同时修饰模型奠定了基础,并为药物筛选提供可用的细胞模型资源,为创制模拟疾病发生的遗传模式和临床表现的小型猪实验动物模型奠定了基础。     

生物活性肽的制备、功能及在动物生产中的应用研究进展

本文从生物活性肽的来源、制备、功能及在动物生产中的应用研究等方面对生物活性肽进行综述。     

Effect of soil acidification on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in Ultisols

Purpose

To examine the effect of soil acidification on growth and nitrogen (N) uptake by maize in Ultisols.

Materials and methods

A clay Ultisol derived from Quaternary red earth and a sandy Ultisol derived from tertiary red sandstone were used in this study. A pot experiment was conducted with maize growing in the two Ultisols acidified to different pH values. Urea with ¹⁵N abundance of 10.11% was used to investigate the distribution of N fertilizer between soil and plant. Total N content and ¹⁵N abundance in plant and soil samples were determined by elemental analysis-isotope mass spectrometry.

Results and discussion

Critical soil pHs of 4.8 and 5.0 were observed for maize growing in the clay and sandy Ultisols, respectively. Below the critical soil pH, increasing soil pH significantly increased maize height and the yield of maize shoots and roots (both P < 0.05), but changes in soil pH showed no significant effect on maize growth above the critical soil pH in both Ultisols. Maize growing in the sandy Ultisol was more sensitive to changes in soil pH than in the clay Ultisol. Increase in the pH in both Ultisols also increased N accumulation in maize, the N derived from fertilizer in maize, physiological N use efficiency, and N use efficiency (NUE) by maize. Changes in soil pH had a greater effect on these parameters below the critical soil pH, compared to above. The change in soil pH had a greater effect on N accumulation in maize, the N derived from fertilizer in maize, and NUE in the sandy Ultisol than in the clay Ultisol. The NUE increased by 24.4% at pH 6.0, compared with pH 4.0 in the clay Ultisol, while the NUE at pH 5.0 was 4.8 times that at pH 4.0 in the sandy Ultisol. The increase in soil pH increased the ratio of N accumulation in maize/soil residue N and decreased the potential loss of fertilizer N from both Ultisols.

Conclusions

Soil acidification inhibited maize growth, reduced N uptake by maize, and thus, decreased NUE. To maintain soil pH of acidic soils above the critical values for crops is of practical importance for sustainable food production in acidic soils.

     

广宁县竹子资源培育利用展望

对广宁县竹林资源及其分布进行了概述,探究了广宁县主要乡土竹种:青皮竹、茶秆竹的培育技术.分析了广宁县竹林资源的应用情况,试图阐明今后一段时间内广宁县竹林资源的研究方向和利用趋势.     

赣南脐橙机械化生产发展对策研究

概述了赣南脐橙机械化生产现状,分析了制约赣南脐橙机械化生产的因素,提出了加快推进赣南脐橙产业机械化可持续发展的对策.