Observations on the development of tick-transmitted Theileria buffeli (syn T orientalis?) in cattle

The development and morphology of Australian Theileria buffeli in cattle were studied after infection had been experimentally transmitted by the tick, Haemophysalis humerosa. Macroschizonts of T buffeli were demonstrated in Giemsa's stained lymph node preparations for between six and 20 days following tick infestation. The presence of schizonts was confirmed by immunofluorescence with sera from known infected animals. Microschizonts were seen infrequently. The schizonts and piroplasms of T buffeli are morphologically similar to those of T orientalis.     

Malignant fibrous histiocytomas in dogs and cats: an immunohistochemical study.

Immunohistochemical staining was performed on seven canine and 10 feline soft tissue tumours histologically diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) or MFH-like tumours, and eight other histologically specified tumours (non-MFH). This was done to determine if commercially available antibodies that are used routinely in human diagnostic pathology for MFHs would express the same immunohistochemical patterns in canine and feline MFHs and MFH-like tumours. The antibodies were directed against human alpha 1-anti-trypsin (AT), human alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin (ACT), human lysozyme, bovine S-100 protein and human desmin. AT did not show any immunoreactivity in the tissues investigated. Except for one MFH, all canine MFHs and other soft tissue tumours with a 'histiocytic' character stained for lysozyme and not for S-100. Six out of seven canine MFHs and MFH-like tumours stained positive for desmin as did most non-MFH sarcomas. Most of the canine and feline MFHs and MFH-like tumours were positive for ACT. These findings for ACT staining in canine and feline MFHs and MFH-like tumours are in agreement with the findings in human MFHs. The immunohistochemical results of canine MFHs and MFH-like tumours were different from those in cats. Feline MFHs differed from canine MFHs for both lysozyme and desmin staining.     

In vitro maturation of class I oocytes of bovine during different tropical seasons

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aims of this study were to determine the effects of seasonality on yields and quality of bovine abattoir-derived oocytes and their in vitro maturation...     

Effects of soil mechanical treatments combined with bramble and bracken control on the restoration of degraded understory in an ancient beech forest

This paper describes the ground floor vegetation that developed four years after tillage implements in an ancient beech forest in central Belgium. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to explore whether tillage has a lasting effect on soil compaction and soil moisture as well as on vegetation characteristics; and (2) to analyse whether two distinct tillage treatments (rotary plough vs. disc plough), combined with vegetation control when necessary, have the same effect on soil compaction, soil moisture and plant establishment. Of the 29 species recorded, 15 showed a significant recovery after soil loosening in the studied forest area. Interestingly, different tillage treatments did not have the same influence on plant establishment. Treatment effects on soil structure and/or moisture status can be considered as causing the observed growth response.     

Origin of maternally transferred antibodies against rabies in foxes (Vulpes vulpes)

During previous experiments, maternal antibodies against rabies were detected in the sera of fox cubs whelped by orally immunised vixens. These antibodies appear to be transferred exclusively via the colostrum. No evidence of maternally transferred immunity in the form of immunoglobulin G was found in 80 fox embryos collected from 19 rabies-immune vixens originating from areas where oral rabies vaccine baits had been distributed.     

Thermo-stability of the oral rabies virus vaccines SAD B19 and SAD P5/88

The thermo-stability of two widely used oral rabies vaccine viruses, SAD B19 and SAD P5/88, was examined under various laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, both vaccine viruses were kept at 35 degrees C and titrated after 3 days. The titer of both vaccine viruses was also determined after 4 and 7 days when stored at 20 degrees C. Furthermore, vaccine baits were placed in three different micro-environments during two successive 21-day observation periods (11.9.01-2.10.01 and 2.10.01-23.10.01); (i) wooded area--location A, (ii) grassy meadow--location B, and (iii) barren soil--location C. Baits were re-collected 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21 days after distribution and the vaccine virus was subsequently titrated. The temperature stress for the vaccine baits was highest at location C, followed by location B and the lowest at location A. The vaccine baits were exposed to higher temperatures and higher temperature fluctuations at location B and C during trial I than during trial II. However, for both vaccines the loss of titer was more pronounced during trial II than during trial I. It is therefore suggested that under the given climatic conditions, the stability of the virus was hardly influenced by the temperatures and temperature fluctuations.     

Further identification of races of Cladosporium fulvum (Fulvia fulva) on tomato originating from the Netherlands France and Poland

Races ofCladosporium fulvum, which can overcome the resistance of the genes Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₅, Cf₈, Cf₉ and Cf₁₁ have appeared in the Netherlands, France and Poland. Known isolates from the Netherlands and France and three new isolates from Poland have been investigated for the presence of virulence genes using a set of genotypes carrying resistance genes Cf₂ to Cf₁₁.Several Dutch isolates of races, earlier designated as 2.4, 2.4.5 and 2.4.5.9, were found to break down the resistance gene Cf₁₁. These races must therefore be designated as 2.4.11, 2.4.5.11 and 2.4.5.9.11 respectively. In the new Polish isolates virulence genes, overcoming the resistance genes Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₈, Cf₉ and Cf₁₁ were found. Since all races able to grow on genotypes with Cf₄, could also grow on genotypes carrying Cf₈, it was impossible to discriminate between the genes Cf₄ and Cf₈. These Polish isolates were designated as races 4.11, 2.4.11 and 2.4.9.11. The consequences of the occurrence of these races for tomato breeding are discussed.Samenvatting Fysio's vanCladosporium fulvum, die de resistentie-genen Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₅, Cf₈, Cf₉ en Cf₁₁ kunnen doorbreken, zijn in Nederland, Frankrijk en Polen opgetreden. Met behulp van een groep genotypen, die de resistentie genen Cf₂ tot en met Cf₁₁ dragen, zijn Nederlandse, Franse en enkele nieuwe Poolse isolaten onderzocht op de aanwezigheid van virulentiegenen. Enkele Nederlandse isolaten, eerder aangeduid met 2.4, 2.4.5. en 2.4.5.9, bleken het resistentie-gen Cf₁₁ te kunnen doorbreken. Deze moeten daarom aangeduid worden als respectievelijk 2.4.11, 2.4.5.11 en 2.4.5.9.11. In de nieuwe Poolse isolaten werd virulentie gevonden voor Cf₂, Cf₄, Cf₈, Cf₉ en Cf₁₁. Alle fysio's die op genotypen met Cf₄ konden groeien, groeiden ook op genotypen met Cf₈. Daarom kon geen ondersheid gemaakt worden tussen Cf₄ en Cf₈. De Poolse isolaten behoren tot de fysio's 4.11, 2.4.11 en 2.4.9.11. De gevolgen van het voorkomen van deze fysio's voor de tomateveredeling worden besproken.