黑龙江省长残留除草剂应用及残留药害情况调查

目前生产上使用的长残留除草剂主要有氯嘧磺隆、咪草烟、氟磺胺草醚、异噁草松和莠去津。涉及药害的作物有大豆、水稻、玉米、亚麻、马铃薯、白瓜、甜菜及一些经济作物。为改善农业生态环境和促进农业生产,对黑龙江省长残留除草剂的使用及产生残留药害的情况进行了调查。结果表明:2012年黑龙江省长残留除草剂使用商品量7 659.2t,有效量2 473.8t,可用面积305.72万hm2次。2012年全省使用有效量比2011年增加18.16%。2012年全省长残留除草剂造成的残留药害面积达65.81万hm2次,药害发生面积最多的是黑河地区,达21.09万hm2次,其次是佳木斯地区18.88万hm2次,哈尔滨地区11.17万hm2次。建议限制和减少长残留除草剂的生产和使用,推广应用降低除草剂残留的新技术。     

基于SPSS正交设计的关苍术苗床地改良配比研究

通过配施硅藻土、木醋液、鹿粪及腐殖土4种基质改良关苍术苗床地。采用SPSS正交实验设计,研究土壤改良基质对关苍术出苗率及种球产量的影响。结果:4种土壤改良基质对关苍术出苗率及种球产量均具有显著影响,效果依次为木醋液硅藻土鹿粪腐殖土,其最优改良配比是硅藻土5 kg·m-2,木醋液10 m L·m-2,鹿粪2 kg·m-2,腐殖土10 kg·m-2。     

植物生长调节剂对树莓组培苗增殖生长的影响

以丰满红树莓组培苗为材料,研究了细胞分裂素、BA与生长素配比及赤霉素对树莓组培苗增殖生长的影响.结果表明,BA浓度为1.0 mg/L时,树莓的增殖效果显著好于KT（P＜0.05）;BA与IBA配合使用时效果更加明显,在BA 1.0 mg/L＋IBA 0.1 mg/L处理中,组培苗生长健壮且数量较多,增殖效果最佳;GA3浓度为4.0 mg/L时,组培苗鲜重和干重（156.4和34.1 mg）显著优于其它处理.     

兴安落叶松母树林经营技术

２５￣３５年生兴安落叶松母树林丰产结构是密度为３００株／ｈｍ＾２，Ⅰ级木占７５％、Ⅱ级木占２５％；偏雌，中间型，偏雄母树比例为６：０：４，其球果产量为２０３ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，种子品质也较好。在促进开花结实措施中，以环状砍皮方法效果较好，结实率为９０％，单株产量提高６０％；施肥中磷肥的效果显著，其施肥量为６０ｇ／ｍ＾２。     

预防樟子松插穗干旱的方法

樟子松采穗最佳季节为母树休眠期和7月10－7月15日。在母树枝条上环割生根率可提高30％；插穗切口采取“劈切”，其生根率可提高12．5％。地温控制在20－25℃；插壤水分管理标准是PF值2，空气相对温度控制在85％以上，插床遮荫度控制在70％为宜。     

Comparative development of mouse tooth germs transplanted in subrenal capsule and oral submucosa

AIM: To compare 2 environments, the subrenal capsule and oral submucosa, for producing well-formed teeth from mouse tooth germs and for exploring the ideal environment for tooth regeneration. METHODS: Two groups were set up. Group A was transplanted with the mouse embronic day (ED) 14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the subrenal capsule, while group B was transplanted with the ED14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the oral submucosa. After 3 weeks and 4 weeks, the host mice were sacrificed, and the transplanted explants were evaluated with morphologic observation, histological structures, hardness and elastictic modulus tests, and chemical compositions. RESULTS: (1) The explants isolated from both environments showed the tooth-like structures, but as to the group B, the crown was smaller, and the shape of the cusps was not significant. (2) HE staining showed that the dentin and enamel in group A were thicker than those in group B in which the ameloblasts and odontoblasts were differentiated not very well. (3) In the test of enamel hardness, only the hardness of 4 weeks in group B was lower than normal mouse tooth. In the test of enamel modulus, the elastic modulus of enamel in 3 weeks of group A was slightly lower than normal mouse tooth, but the difference was not significant.The elastic modulus of enamel in 4 weeks of group A and group B was significantly lower than normal mouse tooth and 3 weeks of group B. The hardness and elastic modulus of dentin in 3 groups was not significant. (4) Raman spectroscopy showed 2 groups grew in harmony in general, they all had the largest peak in the point of 961 cm^-1, but the 3 weeks of group B had an obvious peak in the point of 2 947 cm^-1. CONCLUSION: For the development of ED14.5 tooth germs, we obtain almost the whole tooth in subrenal capsule transplantation after 3 or 4 weeks. The buccal submucosa environment still has a certain influence on the tooth germ development, although there are some differences about the tooth development between this environment and subrenal capsule environment.     

69份玉米自交系的苗期耐盐碱性分析

以69个玉米自交系为试材,在适宜耐盐碱筛选的2个浓度水平(25 mmol/L的Na2CO3、100 mmol/L的NaCl)下,进行种子萌发和幼苗胁迫试验,分别测定发芽率、相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量等适宜耐盐碱筛选的5项生理生化指标,进而转化为耐盐碱系数,用以比较供试自交系的耐盐碱能力.结果表明:(1)多数材料在胁迫条件各指标变化趋势相同;(2)材料间耐盐碱能力差异显著;(3)筛选出高耐盐碱自交系5份,耐盐碱自交系15份,中度耐盐碱自交系32份,敏感自交系10份,高度敏感自交系7份.研究结果将为玉米耐盐碱种质资源筛选提供试验依据.     

土壤中乙羧氟草醚残留分析方法及降解动态研究

利用气相色谱仪建立了土壤中乙羧氟草醚残留量的分析检测方法,并在实验室条件下研究了其在河南潮土、吉林黑土、江西红壤中的降解动态,为其环境和生态安全性评价提供重要的科学依据。结果表明:①土壤中的乙羧氟草醚残留物用丙酮-乙酸乙酯(1∶2,V/V)混合液提取,经弗罗里硅土SPE柱净化,浓缩后用气相色谱仪(带63Ni-ECD)进行检测;当添加浓度为0.01、0.05、0.5mg.kg-1时,添加回收率为86.9%～98.3%,标准偏差为1.50%～9.99%,最低检出量为1×10-12g,最低检出浓度为0.01mg.kg-1。②乙羧氟草醚在3种不同类型的土壤中降解速率大小依次为河南潮土>吉林黑土>江西红壤,降解速率常数分别为9.92×10-2、6.42×10-2和2.89×10-2,降解半衰期分别为7.0、10.8和24.0h,符合一级动力学方程。土壤pH值对乙羧氟草醚的降解有显著影响,乙羧氟草醚在碱性土壤中降解较快,在酸性土壤中降解较慢。根据国内农药在土壤中的残留性划分标准,乙羧氟草醚为易降解农药。     

矮生一品红组织培养快繁体系的建立

以矮生一品红的幼叶、幼茎、茎芽为外植体，研究了影响丛芽诱导、增殖、生根壮苗的组培快繁的主要因素．结果表明：茎段、茎芽是诱导丛芽的较好试材．适合诱导胚性愈伤组织和芽分化的培养基为MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L；适合丛芽增殖成苗的培养基为MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋IAA0．1mg／L，继代增殖培养40d的平均增殖倍数为11；适合生根壮苗的培养基为1／2MS＋IBA0．9mg／L，开始生根天数为8d。生根率可达85％．采用河砂和营养土两步炼苗。移栽成活率可达90％以上．     

TDZ对寒地葡萄品质的影响

为研究TDZ（Thidiazuron）对寒地葡萄品种果实品质的影响，对‘京亚’和‘87—1’葡萄品种进行了试验，结果表明，TDZ可显著增加‘京亚’和‘87—1’葡萄的果粒重，明显提高可溶性固形物含量，有降低酸度的趋势，TDZ对‘京亚’葡萄处理浓度以5mg／L为宜；经TDZ处理的葡萄果粒膨大效果显著高于国光吡效隆，但与公主岭1、2号的配合处理效果相当；花前GA3无核化处理只起到无核化作用，对后期的果粒膨大影响不大．25，50mg/LGA3处理均达到100％的无核果率．