抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

对试验小鼠饲喂1‰和3‰抗菌肽饲料添加剂,鸡红细胞吞噬试验检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,研究抗菌肽饲料添加剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明,抗菌肽饲料添加剂可以显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,增强小鼠非特异性免疫功能.     

江苏省土地资源禀赋度空间变化研究

本文从土地数量、质量、结构和效益等方面构建了土地资源禀赋度评价指标体系,并采用多边形综合指标法对江苏全省各市县土地资源禀赋现状及空间变化进行了研究。结果表明:①江苏省土地资源禀赋度差异显著,呈现由南向北先递减后递增的规律,总体上苏南好于苏北好于苏中;②1996—2006十年间各市县土地资源禀赋度总体有所下降;③今后应根据区域特点,采取针对措施,提高区域土地资源禀赋度。     

霍山石斛类原球茎诱导及其发育过程研究

 以霍山石斛试管苗带节茎段为材料, 诱导产生类原球茎, 并研究类原球茎发育过程。结果表 明, 霍山石斛类原球茎诱导的适宜培养基为Knudson + 2, 4-D 0.1 mg·L ^{- 1} + KT 0.05 mg·L ^{- 1} , 诱导率为25.50%。以固体静置、固液双层静置、液体静置、液体振荡4种不同培养方式进行增殖培养, 其中液体振荡培养方式更适于类原球茎快速增殖。类原球茎通过胚状体发生途径形成, 类似于合子胚的发育, 即经历原胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚和子叶胚, 最后发育为成熟胚。类原球茎发育进程大致可分为类原球茎形成期、类原球茎肥大期、茎叶分化期、茎叶形成期以及茎叶伸长期等阶段。     

Impact of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes on transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by the observation of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes in chronic renal failure model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury. METHODS: Embryo of mice, cultured renal tubule cells and chronic renal failure rat model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury were established. The expressions of paired Box gene (pax2) and Willm’s tumor gene (WT1), as well as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a phenotype of mesenchymal cells, were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: (1) Expressions of pax2 and WT1 mRNA began at 11.5 d and 14 d of embryo and increased gradually, and expression in trace quantity at 2 weeks after birth. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that WT1 only expressed in the glomerular podocytes and expressions of pax2 and WT1 in adult renal tubular cells were negative. (2) Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 in some tubular cells appeared at week 2 and peaked at week 4 in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, both showing a same trend of expression. However, pax2 showed another peak at week 10 afterwards. (3) Re-expressions of pax2 and WT1 in TEC at 0.5 and 24 h after treated with IL-1α (10 μg/L) or AngII (10-9 mol/L) were observed respectively, followed by upregulation of α-SMA expression, and mesenchymal cells characters were shown. The effects were inhibited by Ang II receptor 2 antagonist and WT1 antibody, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adult renal tubule cells acquire re-activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes and phenotypes of mesenchymes when challenge with certain injuries. Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 genes closely relates with high concentration of bioactive facors, such as AngII and IL-1, which are involved in the mechanisms of renal tubule cells transdifferentiation.     

汞污染紫色土中微生物区系及生理类群

以重庆市中性紫色土为材料,通过室内模拟试验及污染现场调查,探索了汞对土壤中微生物区系和各主要生理类群繁育的影响。结果表明,汞对土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌的增殖总体上具有抑制作用;氨化细菌受汞的抑制强烈,当HgCl2浓度为10mg·kg-1时,氨化细菌数量仅为对照的10%;硝化细菌在汞浓度较低时(<50mg·kg-1)生长受抑制,在高浓度汞作用下表现出受刺激;好气性自生固氮菌和纤维素降解菌在汞浓度较低时生长被刺激,而高浓度汞则抑制其增长;以敏感微生物种群数量变化>50%得出供试中性紫色土上汞发生毒害的临界值为5～10mg·kg-1。长期受汞污染的土壤微生物调查显示,细菌和放线菌变化方向与模拟试验结果一致,真菌在重污染区土壤上则产生抗性,而固氮菌能够指示程度较轻的土壤汞污染。     

非洲鸵鸟粪便中大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定

为探讨非洲鸵鸟（Struthio camelus）腹泻是否与大肠杆菌有关,以9羽非洲鸵鸟粪便为研究对象,将纯化培养后的细菌进行革兰氏染色、细菌形态学鉴定、生化鉴定。结果表明,2～9号菌株在麦康凯培养基生长为红色、湿润的圆形菌落,1号菌株在麦康凯培养基生长为白色透明、湿润的圆形菌落;革兰氏染色均为阴性,镜检均为红色杆菌;9株菌株均能发酵葡萄糖、甘露醇、阿拉伯糖、麦芽糖,大部分菌株能分解山梨醇、乳糖、鼠李糖、蔗糖、棉子糖,1株菌不能发酵乳糖且在麦康凯培养基上呈白色透明菌落,所有菌株均不能利用硫化氢、枸橼酸盐,所有菌株VP试验、尿素反应均为阴性,所有菌株MR试验、吲哚试验均为阳性,9株被检菌株均为大肠杆菌。     

碱性脂肪酶高产菌株产酶条件的优化研究

研究了酵母菌yz-145液体发酵生产碱性脂肪酶的培养条件.采用了Plackett-Burman方法对相关影响因素的效应进行评价,筛选出对产酶有重要影响的3个因素(K2HPO4、橄榄油、发酵温度),并采用响应面试验设计(RSM)对重要因素进行优化,优化后液体发酵液中碱性脂肪酶浓度从1 421 U/ml提高到1 776 U/ml.     

黑河分水对中下游水环境的影响

黑河流域水资源紧缺,区域生态环境十分脆弱。分析表明分水对中游会产生一定的负效应:分水引起地表水与地下水转化减弱,同时对地下水的开采有增加的趁势,叠加作用的结果使得中游地区水环境恶化,地下水位下降1.3~2.7 m,地下水储量减少约8.2×108m3,给中游绿洲植物的生长带来潜在威胁;而对下游有一定的正效应,增加了下游的入境水量,下游的河岸地下水位抬升幅度在横向上0.4~0.6 m,纵向上0.3~3.1 m,有效地改善了下游的水环境,从而使下游的生态环境的恶化得到一定程度的遏制,植被覆盖明显增加。但对黑河中、下游水质变化监测还需要进一步加强。     

紫花苜蓿PGIP同源基因克隆与序列核苷酸多态性分析

多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(PGIP)是植物重要的防卫蛋白之一,了解PGIP基因的核苷酸序列是对其进行分子遗传学与分子生物学研究的前提与基础。本研究采用同源克隆法,从16个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的集群DNA中克隆了7个苜蓿PGIP基因的部分基因组编码序列,分别对应于蒺藜苜蓿(M. truncatula)7个不同的PGIP基因,并命名为MsPGIP5、MsPGIP6、MsPGIP7、MsPGIP8、MsPGIP9、MsPGIP10和MsPGIP11。其中,MsPGIP5、MsPGIP6、MsPGIP8、MsPGIP9和MsPGIP11的单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP)位点间的平均距离分别为20、74、34、423和21 bp,差异较大。对MsPGIP5、MsPGIP6、MsPGIP8和MsPGIP11进行荧光标记PCR单链构象多态性(FPCR-SSCP)分析,结果表明,其等位基因数目与PCR片段长度的比值分别为20、56、22和19 bp,变化趋势与这4个基因SNP位点间的平均距离基本一致。比较而言,在发现的7个苜蓿PGIP基因中,MsPGIP9序列高度保守,MsPGIP5和MsPGIP11的变异较大,而MsPGIP6与MsPGIP8的变异中等。