从野外昆虫体内分离的5株微孢子虫的生物学特性与分子系统发育研究

从广西蚕区的野外昆虫菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)、桑尺蠖(Hemerophila atrilineata)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)的体内收集到5株对家蚕有一定食下感染力的微孢子虫,通过生物学性状、分子系统发育研究,为其分类鉴定提供依据。来自野外昆虫的5株微孢子虫均具有Nosema属的生物学特性:显微镜下观察形状均呈长卵圆形,与家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis,Nb)有较明显差异;在生活史的各发育阶段均为双核,以二分裂方式增殖,最后形成双核成熟孢子;与Nb抗血清均产生阳性凝聚反应;超微结构观察均具双核,极丝圈数在12～14圈之间,极丝倾斜角与Nb有差异。根据5株野外昆虫微孢子虫与其它昆虫微孢子虫基于SSU rRNA基因序列构建的系统发育树,以及基于SSU rRNA和rRNA ITS基因序列进行的相似性和遗传距离分析,初步认为5株野外昆虫微孢子虫与家蚕微孢子虫同属异种。     

影响微孢子虫对棉铃虫幼虫致病力的因子

1997年田间调查时，发现一种寄生于棉铃虫的微孢子虫，对棉铃虫具有很强的致病力。为明确环境因子对该微孢子虫及其致病力的影响，测定了温度与紫外线对该微孢子虫及其杀虫效果的影响。结果表明，该微孢子虫孢子耐受温度范围较宽，最高温度上限为55℃。温度对其致病力有显著影响，在一定温度范围内，随着生境温度的升高，微孢子虫对棉铃虫幼虫致病力增强。该微孢子虫对紫外线较敏感，在紫外线照射下易失活而丧失致病力。     

鱼腥草白绢病的发生与防治

鱼腥草属药食两用植物,具有清热解毒、健胃消食、利尿通淋、增强机体免疫力等功效。鱼腥草是桂林市农民增收的重要经济作物之一。近年来,由于连年种植,导致鱼腥草白绢病发生严重,已经成为阻碍鱼腥草生产的一大因素。本文总结了鱼腥草白绢病的发病条件和规律,提出了鱼腥草白绢病的防治方法,即避免连作、科学选地、选种及种茎消毒、合理施肥、加强管理等,以期减少白绢病造成的损失,科学有效地防控白绢病的发生。     

甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂在我国的登记用量分析

为探究嘧菌酯与硒代蛋氨酸复合暴露后对水体生物早期发育的影响,采用半静态试验法,测定了等毒性配比的嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸二元混合体系复合暴露对水生模式生物斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的发育毒性及对相关酶活性的影响。结果表明：经不同质量浓度的嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸(0.1 + 0.2、0.25 + 0.5、0.5 + 1.0和1.0 + 2.0 mg/L) (其中硒代蛋氨酸按硒元素的质量计,下同)复合暴露后,胚胎出现自主运动次数减少、孵化率降低、死亡率增加及心率下降现象,同时仔鱼体长受到显著抑制,且呈现明显的时间-剂量-效应关系;与对照组相比,在嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸不同质量浓度(0.0005 + 0.001、0.005 + 0.01和0.05 + 0.1 mg/L)复合暴露下,斑马鱼仔鱼体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著降低,且高浓度复合暴露组(0.05 + 0.1 mg/L)的抑制作用最显著(P < 0.01),而对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则无显著影响;与对照组相比,高浓度复合暴露组显著抑制了线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅲ的活性(P < 0.05),而其余浓度复合暴露组差异不显著。研究结果表明,经嘧菌酯与硒代蛋氨酸不同质量浓度复合暴露(0.1 + 0.2、0.25 + 0.5、0.5 + 1.0和1.0 + 2.0 mg/L)后,会对斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育产生毒性效应,但在目前自然水体环境实际浓度水平下,除了抑制CAT活性外,尚不会产生其他毒性效应。以上研究结果可以为水体环境中嘧菌酯和硒代蛋氨酸浓度监测及复合暴露的生态风险评估提供数据支撑。     

增施CO_2对大棚不同辣椒品种农艺性状及产量的影响

对大棚栽培的4个辣椒品种开展增施CO_2试验,结果表明,增施CO_2对不同辣椒品种的茎粗、开展指数、叶片指数及果实性状影响不明显,但株高、叶柄长和产量增加明显,4个辣椒品种增产幅度为10.62%~16.12%。     

塞罕坝樟子松人工林密度控制图的研制

通过对塞罕坝樟子松人工林密度与各测树因子之间的研究,编制了塞罕坝樟子松人工林密度控制图.此图的研制对于进一步提高塞罕坝樟子松人工林经营水平起到了重要作用.     

不同土地利用方式对土壤活性有机质的影响

不同土地利用方式会影响土壤碳氮通量的活性有机质储量,以撂荒地、沙棘灌木林、华北落叶松人工林和华北落叶松-白桦-山杨混交林为研究对象,测定土壤容重、持水量、粒径组成、分型维数和pH值,并应用H2SO4两步酸水解法测定了土壤活性和顽固性碳氮的季节变化。结果表明:5年弃耕撂荒地土壤理化特征及不同活性有机质含量最差,而沙棘灌木林和乔木林在土壤物理、化学特征和有机质含量方面均有所提高,尤以混交林土壤质量最佳。有机碳和不同活性碳是撂荒地的2～3倍左右,总氮及不同活性氮提高幅度较小,在1.1～1.5之间。土壤活性碳氮受季节变化较大,其中活性碳季节变化幅度更为显著,同时季节效应因土地利用方式而异。土壤持水量、粘粒和分型维数与顽固性有机质含量间存在显著的相关性,活性碳氮分别与有机碳和总氮显著相关。各监测指标显示在几种不同土地利用方式中,自然次生混交林是最佳土地利用方式。     

辣椒新品种‘苏椒 17 号’

 ‘苏椒17 号’是以母本‘06X354’与父本‘06X28’配制的早熟辣椒一代杂种。果实长灯笼 形,青果绿色,成熟果红色,果长10 ~ 11 cm,平均单果质量44.2 g,产量47 263.9 kg · hm-2,质脆微辣, 耐贮运,耐低温,高抗炭疽病,中抗病毒病,适合在江淮、黄淮流域保护地栽培。     

Comparison Analysis of Immune Related Gene of Orf Virus in Sheep and Camels

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of Orf virus (ORFV) immune related genes after infection with different species.The ORFV genomes of sheep and camel were extracted and named ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively.Based on ORFV genome sequence published in GenBank (accession No.:KF234407.1),three pairs of specific primers were designed and synthesized to amplify the B2L,F1L and VIR gene fragments of ORFV-Y and ORFV-LT,respectively,and the amplified fragments were cloned into pMD19-T vector,transformed into E.coli DH5α competent cells.The recombinant plasmid was identified,and positive clones were selected for sequencing,DNAStar software was used to analyze the homology,amino acid sequence and phylogenetic tree of 13 ORFV genome sequences published on NCBI.The results showed that the nucleotide homology of B2L,F1L and VIR genes were 92.8% to 99.2%,95.7% to 99.5% and 77.6% to 100%,respectively.After comparing the amino acid sequence between the two genomes and the reference sequence,it was found that there were obvious differences in the immune related genes between the two genomes,and F1L gene had some rules to follow.The phylogenetic analysis of B2L,F1L and VIR genes showed that ORFV-Y was closely related to the Chinese Fujian goat strain,while ORFV-LT was far from the reference strains,and was a separate branch.The results showed that ORFV had obvious difference in immune related genes between sheep and camels,it provided a reference basis for further research on the changes of ORFV gene sequences in different species and the development of vaccines for different species in the future.     

The effects of 17β-estradiol on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin

AIM:To investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol (E₂) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1(ET-1) and the related mechanism. METHODS:Myocardial cells from neonate rats were cultured in vitro and myocardial hypertrophy model was established with ET-1.The effects of 17β-estradiol on myocardial hypertrophy were observed. The role of ERK1/2 in the effects of 17β-estradiol was also detected. RESULTS:Compared with control group,ET-1 increased cell protein content,cell surface area and ［³H］^-Leucine ［³H］^-Leu) incorporation. Pretreatment with E₂ for 24 h could inhibit the increase in cell protein content,cell surface area and ［³H］^-Leu incorporation induced by ET-1.ET-1 significantly stimulated ERK1/2 activity,which was prevented by pretreatment with E₂.Tamoxifen,estradiol receptor antagonist,partially inhibited the effect of E₂. The ability of ET-1 to stimulate ［³H］^-Leu incorporation was significantly blocked by PD98059,which could enhance the inhibitory effect of E₂ on the increase of ［³H］^-Leu incorporation in cardiomyocytes induced by ET-1.CONCLUSION:E₂ can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1. This effect is mediated by estrogen receptor. ERK1/2 signal pathway is closely correlated with the inhibitory effect of E₂ on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1.