A case of xanthoma in a Saanen goat

This report describes a case of a subcutaneous xanthoma of the sacral region in a 2-year-old female Saanen goat. The tan-coloured mass was 8.5 cm × 4.0 cm × 0.5 cm in size. Yellow-white areas were present across the cut surface. Histopathologically, the mass was composed of foamy macrophages, numerous giant cells, abundant lipid material and cholesterol clefts. The structure consisted of lobular areas surrounded by a stroma. Tissue sections were negative for bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria. Frozen tissue from the mass stained positively with Oil Red O, confirming lipid accumulation in both the extracellular spaces and the large foamy macrophages. Immunohistochemically, the mass was positive for vimentin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and CD68, but negative for smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 protein antibodies. As the animal was presented dead, it was not possible to analyse blood lipid levels. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a xanthoma in a goat.     

Vitamin D status in cattle with malignant catarrhal fever

The aim of the present study was to determine the vitamin D status in cattle with malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Twelve cattle diagnosed as MCF and 6 healthy cattle (controls) were used in the study. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-D), 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25-D), calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were determined as 96.83 pg/ml, 30.0 ng/ml, 2.19 mmol/l, 1.57 mmol/l and 15.21 pg/ml in MCF group and 42.33 pg/ml, 37.0 ng/ml, 2.43 mmol/l, 1.96 mmol/l and 36.08 pg/ml in controls, respectively. Although serum 1,25-D level in the MCF group was increased (P<0.01), serum calcium (P<0.01) and PTH (P<0.05) levels were decreased compared to the controls. The results suggest that there might be an interaction between vitamin D status and MCF.     

Instability of ovine babesiosis in an endemic area in Turkey

This study was designed to determine the endemic status of Babesia ovis in sheep in Turkey. A total of 2000 sheep, from different age groups (i.e. 0-3, 4-6, 6-9, 10-12, and >12 months), were selected randomly from 132 sheep flocks. The presence of specific antibodies against B. ovis was diagnosed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). A total of 843 (42.15%) serum samples were determined to be positive. The seropositivity rates in the age groups stated above were 31.90, 31.64, 47.69, 40.22, and 52.99%, respectively. The endemic status of the disease was determined by calculating the inoculation rate (h) of each group. The h value for each group was determined to be lower than 0.005, which revealed that the endemic status of B. ovis was instable. This report may indicate the necessity of vaccination.     

The genotypic effects on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries grown in Turkey

In this study, chemical composition of berries of 10 sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) genotypes in Turkey was investigated. The total phenolic content of the berries ranged from 21.31 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g dry weight basis to 55.38 mg GAE per g. The highest antioxidant activity was 93.54% (similar to the standard BHT at 200 mg/L) and the lowest was 80.38%. There was no correlation (R = 0.688) between the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity. The major fatty acids in berries were palmitoleic acid (35.48%), followed by palmitic acid (28.13%), oleic acid (22.89%) and linoleic acid (3.96%). Total soluble solid content of sea buckthorn genotypes varied from 10.15 to 14.80%, titratable acidity varied from 2.64 to 4.54%, the pH varied from 2.63 to 2.98 and Vitamin C varied from 19 to 121 mg/100 mL. The average content of minerals in the sea buckthorn berries of different genotypes was 20,800 ppm N, 7100 ppm P, 7260 ppm K, 1960 ppm Ca, 1465 ppm Mg, 32 ppm Zn, 24 ppm Cu, 22 ppm Mn and 7 ppm Fe.     

Antimicrobial activity of some mosses from Turkey

The antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of eight mosses species were evaluated at 30 mg/ml concentration against the tested microorganisms.     

Apoptosis in adult rabbit testes during subacute endosulfan toxicity

Effects of endosulfan toxicity on testes and testosterone inhibition, and the effect of Vitamin C were studied in twenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits, divided into four groups, and given during 6 weeks either endosulfan alone, endosulfan and Vitamin C together, Vitamin C alone or the corn oil vehicle for endosulfan alone (control). Serum testosterone concentration decreased in response to endosulfan alone, but concurrent treatment with Vitamin C ameliorated the toxic effect on serum testosterone. The endosulfan regimen caused gross hyperemia and slight hemorrhage in some testes but histopathological findings of severe degeneration and necrosis in testes of some rabbits amplified the evidence of toxicity, as also did the severe apoptotic activity observed in Sertoli and Leydig cells. In contrast, concurrent treatment with Vitamin C significantly ameliorated other aspects of endosulfan toxicity. The findings relate to potential adverse effects of indiscriminate use of pesticides on human and animal fertility.     

The effects of some machine parameters on the spirality in single jersey fabrics

In this work, the effects of machine parameters on the fabric spirality, which is an important quality problem of single jersey knitted fabrics, are investigated. For this aim, two circular knitting machines with the same gauge, but one of them revolving in the reverse direction, are chosen. Single jersey fabric samples with the same weight per square meter and the same yarn count (Ne 20 Cotton) are knitted on the chosen machines at four different numbers of knitting systems. The effects of the number of the knitting systems and the rotation directions of the machines on the spirality angles are investigated.     

Clinocopathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings of Multiple Genital Leiomyomas and Mammary Adenocarcinomas in a Bitch

A 13‐year‐old female Pointer dog was presented for evaluation of mammary tumours and bloody vaginal discharge at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. On the history, owner complained of mammary tumours and bloody vaginal discharge. Three mammary tumours and lymphadenopathy at the mammary lymph nodes were observed at the clinical examination. A big, firm, palpable mass was found in the abdominal cavity. Vaginal cytology revealed numerous pleomorphic and anaplastic cells. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a large mid‐abdominal mass at the distal part of the left uterine horn. Also multiple masses in the cervix and vagina were found. Because of the poor prognosis and the desire of the owner, the bitch was killed. At the necropsy numerous masses were seen at the vagina and cervix and one big mass seen at the left cornu uteri. Histopathological diagnosis was leiomyoma. Multiple metastases of mammary tumours were seen at the lungs. Histopathologically, mammary tumours were diagnosed as complex type tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma. The objectives of this study were to measure the proliferation indices in canine complex type mammary adenocarcinoma and genital leiomyomas using immunohistochemical detection of Ki‐67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen to determine the relationship of these antigens to clinical and pathologic variables; and to examine the immunoreactivity of these tumours with different markers. Pan‐cytokeratin and S100 were negative, desmin and glial fibriler acidic protein were slight positive and the other markers (carsinoembryogenic antigen, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, p53, fibronectin, Ki67) were found strong positive at the genital tumours. Only desmin were negative; the other markers were strong positive at the mammary tumours.     

Bovine diarrhea associated with Campylobacter hyointestinalis

An enteric disease affected 16 ruminating calves. The disease was characterized by a nonspecific, mild to severe diarrhea and wasting. Two calves died during the course of disease. C. hyointestinalis was isolated from 12 to 14 calves. The antibody titers of affected calves to C. hyointestinalis varied from 1:20 to 1:160. The disease was successfully treated with chloramphenicol.