不同分子量壳寡糖对黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗抗病酶活性影响的研究

采用平均分子量分别为3000、5000、10000的0.3%(w/v)壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子并对处理过的种子进行发芽试验和幼苗抗病酶活性的测定。结果表明:三种不同分子量壳寡糖溶液处理黑麦草种子,均可以提高黑麦草种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,并且提高了幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白的含量。增强了幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,诱导了病程相关蛋白(即,几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶及苯丙氨酸解氨酶)的表达。其中,以平均分子量为10000的壳寡糖对种子活力及幼苗的生长和抗病酶活性的影响最好,其发芽指数和活力指数分别比对照提高了32.64%、60.47%;苗高、可溶性蛋白含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性分别比对照提高了20.98%、33.80%、43.17%、15.73%、26.41%。     

广东贫困地区“科教兴村”工程及实施方案

广东省经济发达,但农业发展相对滞后,且农村经济社会发展存在区域性不平衡,其东西两翼和粤北有16个贫困县,严重影响广东省全面建设社会主义新农村的发展计划;因此,在广东贫困地区实施“科教兴村”工程十分必要。本文强调了在广东贫困地区实施“科教兴村”工程的必要性;分析了其实施的有利条件和不利因素;提出了具体的实施方案。     

Factors Affecting Sensory Quality of Cooked japonica Rice

The sensory quality of cooked rice is an important factor in determining its market price, as well as consumer acceptance and breeding efforts aimed at improvement of rice grain quality. In this study,the sensory quality and physicochemical properties of three japonica rice varieties harvested in two different growing locations(Xiangshui and Hangzhou of China) were compared to determine the most important factors affecting the sensory quality. All the three varieties had higher scores for overall sensory quality in Xiangshui than in Hangzhou, indicating that the growing location is a key factor in determining the sensory quality of cooked japonica rice. In addition to growing location, variety(genotype) also had an important effect. Longdao 18 scored the highest for overall sensory quality in the two locations, whereas Longdao 30 had the lowest score in Xiangshui, and both Longdao 20 and Longdao 30 had the lowest scores in Hangzhou. Many physicochemical properties, such as apparent amylose content, protein content, thermal properties and free amino acid contents, showed significant differences between the two locations. Correlation analysis showed that apparent amylose content and protein content had contrasting effects on all the sensory attributes. The overall sensory quality was negatively correlated with protein content(r =-0.89, P 0.01) and positively correlated with gel hardness(r = 0.91, P 0.01),indicating that the protein content and hardness are important physicochemical properties for predicting the sensory quality of japonica rice. These findings will provide guidance for selection from the diverse genotypes available to develop new varieties with the desired eating and cooking quality.     

浅析奖励机制在科研成果产出中的导向作用——以北京市农林科学院为例

科研成果产出反映了科技创新能力的强弱,成果产出离不开杰出的科研人才和团队.为了提升科技创新能力,有效激发科研人员的主动性和积极性,不断提升科研成果质量,国家、地方、科研单位和高校都制定并出台了相应的科研成果奖励办法.文章以北京市农林科学院为例,对该院科技创新成果奖励的执行情况进行分析,以期总结出科技创新奖励对成果产出的导向作用.     

农业科研单位科技扶贫模式研究

科学技术是脱贫致富的关键,发展产业是实现脱贫的根本之策。农业科研单位是脱贫攻坚工程的主力军,如何实现精准扶贫,创新扶贫模式,探索帮扶措施对于打赢扶贫攻坚战意义非常重大。文章在归纳中国热带农业科学院科技扶贫模式的基础上,提出了一系列做大做强科技扶贫工作的建议。     

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of 9-oxo-agerophorone against soil borne pathogens

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - 9-Oxo-agerophorone is a cadinene sesquiterpene, isolated from the leaves of Eupatorium adenophorum. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of...     

东方百合试管鳞茎培育方式的比较

为促进试管鳞茎抽薹,缩短其形成商品球的时间,以东方百合试管鳞茎为材料,采用不同的培育方式,研究其品质与抽薹率的影响。对东方百合试管鳞茎不同培育方式的比较研究,结果表明：瓶苗冷藏或用基质冷藏,冷藏后的试管鳞茎生理变化规律相同,即淀粉含量、蛋白质含量均降低,可溶性糖含量和还原糖含量均升高;而用基质冷藏或用瓶苗冷藏,暗培养的试管鳞茎抽薹率都高于光照培养;采用暗培养或光照培养,基质冷藏的抽薹率都高于用瓶苗冷藏。工厂化生产百合种苗时宜采用暗培养试管鳞茎结合种前用基质冷藏的培育方式。     

投入式液位计在液肥液位检测中的应用

针对当前液态施肥机在液肥的精确及定量控制等方面存在的不足,以单片机作为控制核心,采用投入式液位传感器进行数据采集,将液位的变化转换成电压变化,再利用A/D将模拟量转化成数字量;同时,通过单片机处理将电压值换算成相应的液位高度值及容量值并显示,并用Mat Lab分析试验数据。结果表明:液位高度值各容量值测量误差均满足实际要求,可应用于液态施肥机。     

中国渔业专利技术布局分析——以中国水产科学研究院为例

为分析渔业领域授权专利的特点,为进一步优化产业布局、促进渔业知识产权运用、引导产业创新提供借鉴。以中国水产科学研究院为例,采用定量的方法,分析了渔业专利的时间分布、IPC技术类别、主题词、研究领域、法律状态等。研究发现,渔业专利发展可分为3个阶段,分别为缓慢增长期,快速增长期和波动增长期。渔业领域专利在传统水产养殖技术和捕捞方面布局广泛,如水产育种,饲料加工,深水网箱等方面,而在工业化水产养殖技术略显薄弱。中国渔业专利的授权率高于总体专利授权率,但专利成果存在转移转化率低、专利维持年限较短、技术走出去不足等问题。     

Identification and characterization of a novel lymphocystis disease virus isolate from cultured grouper in China

Grouper Epinephelus spp. is one of the most important mariculture fish species in China and South-East Asian countries. The emerging viral diseases, evoked by iridovirus which belongs to genus Megalocytivirus and Ranavirus, have been well characterized in recent years. To date, few data on lymphocystis disease in grouper which caused by lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) were described. Here, a novel LCDV isolate was identified and characterized. Based on the sequence of LCDV major capsid protein (MCP) and DNA polymerase gene, we found that the causative agents from different species of diseased groupers were the same one and herein were uniformly defined as grouper LCDV (GLCDV). Furthermore, H&E staining revealed that the nodules on the skin were composed of giant cells that contained inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. Numerous virus particles with >210 nm in diameter and with hexagonal profiles were observed in the cytoplasm. In addition, phylogenetic analysis based on four iridovirus core genes, MCP, DNA polymerase, myristoylated membrane protein (MMP) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), consistently showed that GLCDV was mostly related to LCDV-C, followed by LCDV-1. Taken together, our data firstly provided the molecular evidence that GLCDV was a novel emerging iridovirus pathogen in grouper culture.