纳米氧化锌/葡萄皮红改性大豆分离蛋白膜的制备与性能研究

为改善大豆分离蛋白膜的性能,将纳米氧化锌(Zno Nanoparticles,Zno NPs)和葡萄皮红(Grape-Skin Red,GSR)加入大豆分离蛋白(Sov ProteinIsolate,SPI)中制备SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR复合膜,对复合膜的性能进行表征。结果表明当葡萄皮红、ZnO NPs和大豆分离蛋白以1:2:25的质量比制备复合膜时,相对于SPI/ZnO NPs膜,葡萄皮红可提高ZnO NPs和大豆分离蛋白的相容性,改善ZnO NPs在SPI膜中的分散性,并与ZnO NPs发挥协同作用提高SPI膜的机械性能、耐水性能和热稳定性(P0.05)。SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR复合膜相比较于SPI膜,拉伸强度从1.37 MPa升至3.28 MPa,熔点从194℃升至231℃,含水率从34.41%降至25.37%,水蒸气透过系数从5.57×10~(-12) (g·cm)/(cm~2·s·Pa)降至4.74×10~(-12) (g·cm)/(cm~2·s·Pa)。此外,复合膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌表现出优异的抗菌性能,抑菌圈直径随着活性成分的添加呈上升趋势(大肠杆菌:SPI 膜无,SPI/ZnO NPs 膜 2.29 cm,SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR 膜 2.36 cm;金黄色葡萄球菌:SPI 膜无,SPI/ZnO NPs 膜 2.32 cm,SPI/ZnO NPs/GSR膜2.42 cm),在活性包装应用中具有极大潜力。研究结果为大豆分离蛋白基薄膜的生产应用提供参考。     

Comparative study of the effects of solid-state fermentation with three filamentous fungi on the total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of subfractions from oats (Avena sativa L.)

The aim of present work was to investigate the effect of solid-state fermentation with filamentous fungi (Aspergillus oryzae var. effuses, Aspergillus oryzae, and Aspergillus niger) on total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of four subfractions of oat, namely, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol, and water, and compare them to their corresponding subfractions of unfermented oat. The TPC and total flavonoids increased dramatically, especially in EA subfractions (p < 0.05). The levels of antioxidant activity of subfractions were also significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). The highest antioxidant activities were also found in the EA subfractions. The polyphenols in EA were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography at 280 nm. Most polyphenols were increased remarkably, especially ferulic and caffeic acids. There was a clear correlation between the TPC and antioxidant activity. In conclusion, fungi fermentation is a potential bioprocess for increasing the TPC, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of oat-based food.     

甘蔗叶鞘剥离过程弹性齿运动分析与试验

通过对弹性齿运动状态的分析阐述了弹性齿在叶鞘撕裂和剥离过程中的作用机理,采用ADAMS软件对弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆的接触过程进行仿真分析,确定剥叶滚筒中心距及弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆之间的相对速度变化对叶鞘撕裂和剥离产生的影响。利用物理样机进行剥叶滚筒中心距单因素试验和剥叶滚筒转速单因素试验对运动分析结果进行验证,并通过高速摄影对仿真的结果进行验证。结果表明,剥叶滚筒中心距为310 mm,弹性齿与甘蔗茎秆接触时刻,y轴方向的线速度差为3.91~5.87 m/s时,弹性齿可沿茎秆表面向下滑动,有利于叶鞘沿着纤维方向撕裂,x轴方向的线速度差为4.61~7.54 m/s时,弹性齿在甘蔗轴线方向可以持续滑动,有利于对叶鞘造成刮擦脱离,综合剥叶效果为含杂率低于7%、茎秆折断率低于15%。弹性齿与茎秆分离时刻,由于弹性恢复产生线速度突变,相对速度差增大4~5倍,有利于将叶鞘从茎秆上撕扯脱落。     

采摘茎尖次数对叶菜型甘薯品种百薯1号薯块产量及品质的影响

2007年夏季,在一般大田常规栽培条件下,通过分期采摘茎尖的方法,对叶菜型甘薯品种百薯1号的薯块产量和品质进行了研究。结果表明：⑴随着采摘茎尖次数的增加,薯块产量呈直线函数降低,其曲线方程为Y=-2009.6X＋35776（R2=0.9417﹡﹡）。⑵不同品质性状受采摘茎尖次数的影响存在明显差异,可溶性糖变异最大,淀粉、蛋白质和烘干率变异较大,脂肪、纤维和维生素C变异较小,灰分变异最小。⑶采摘茎尖3次时,烘干率、灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉和纤维含量均居首位,可溶性糖含量居第二位,维生素C含量居第四位,薯块的综合品质达到最优,这时薯块实际产量为29527.5kg/hm^2,占对照薯块实际产量的84.6%,可以作为最佳采摘次数。     

新疆农林牧渔综合机械化作业水平评价体系

为全面评价新疆农业机械化作业水平,根据新疆农、林、牧、渔各业机械化发展实际情况,建立新疆农、林、牧、渔各业综合机械化作业水平的评价指标体系,对本体系的评价范围进行了定义,分别确定了种植业、林果业、畜牧养殖业、水产养殖业和设施农业（特制设施种植业）各业评价的关键作业环节及各环节的权重,提出各业在综合评价指标中权重的确定方法,给出综合评价指标体系的计算公式。      

广西贵港市甘蔗生产及机械化发展现状分析

甘蔗生产机械化是我国农业机械化发展的“短板”之一,深入了解甘蔗种植和机械化发展的基本情况,对推动甘蔗生产机械化有很重要的意义。本文通过对广西甘蔗主产区之一的贵港市农村、农场甘蔗生产情况的调研,分析了该地区甘蔗生产现状和机械化的发展进程。广西贵港市甘蔗种植地段丘陵山区较多、地块较小,同时,现阶段的机器设备技术和“三包”维修服务不完善,作业服务费用较高,惠农政策不健全等,导致了甘蔗生产机械化进程缓慢。应积极推行由政府引导,科研部门、企业、相关组织和种植户等全力配合的经营服务模式,促进甘蔗生产全程机械化得以早日实现。     

激光切割技术的发展现状及农业领域应用发展

激光切割技术是当今最具有竞争力的高新技术之一,是激光加工领域中的重要组成部分。为此,介绍了激光切割原理,并从工业金属和非金属以及医疗领域,对国内外激光切割技术的发展现状进行了综述,并指出了激光切割在农业领域的应用,最后总结了激光切割存在的问题和发展趋势。     

Chemical composition of caneberry (Rubus spp.) seeds and oils and their antioxidant potential

Caneberries (Rubus spp. L.) are grown primarily throughout the Pacific Northwestern United States and Canada. Processing of caneberry fruit typically removes the seed, and the development of a value-added use of seeds could expand the market for caneberries and the profit margins for growers. An initial step toward the use of the seeds is a characterization of seed and oil. Our investigation has described compositional characteristics for seeds of five commonly grown caneberry species: red raspberry, black raspberry, boysenberry, Marion blackberry, and evergreen blackberry. Seeds from all five species had 6-7% protein and 11-18% oil. The oils contained 53-63% linoleic acid, 15-31% linolenic acid, and 3-8% saturated fatty acids. The two smaller seeded raspberry species had higher percentages of oil, the lowest amounts of saturated fatty acid, and the highest amounts of linolenic acid. Antioxidant capacities were detected both for whole seeds and for cold-pressed oils but did not correlate to total phenolics or tocopherols. Ellagitannins and free ellagic acid were the main phenolics detected in all five caneberry species and were approximately 3-fold more abundant in the blackberries and the boysenberry than in the raspberries.     

棉花花铃期涝渍相随对棉花产量的试验研究

在南方易涝易渍地域，棉花花铃期适逢雨季，常受涝渍综合胁迫，对生长发育和产量均有较大影响。笔者利用测坑试验对该问题进行了研究，建立了涝渍灾害型农田4种排水控制指标模式，初步提出了棉花花铃期的涝渍综合排水控制指标，探讨了体现涝渍兼治的排水控制指标。     

对发展农业工程教育的思考

农业工程学科要适应传统农业向现代农业发展的需要,适应农业以高新技术改造传统农业的的需要,缩小传统农业工程的规模,发展农业生物系统工程与农业信息技术;农业机械的自动化技术;精细农业生产体系;农业生产的产前、产后生产体系;设施农业工程技术;园艺业作物生产机械与技术;农业生产的现代化管理等等.各院校应结合自己的条件,办出自己的农业工程学科特色,加大教材建设的力度,加大国际交流.