幼犬培训要点

警用幼犬培训的实质，就是在一定的遗传基础上，利用外界条件作用于犬机体生长发育过程，塑造出理想的警用神经类型。幼犬培训是受训犬投入训练的前期准备阶段，是关系到能否成为合格受训警犬的前提条件。     

云南宾川县亚麻生产技术系列报道之一—云南冬亚麻播种期试验简报

研究出云南省宾川县亚麻种植的适宜播期为9月25日至10月25日，最适播期为10月5日至15日，在最适播期播种的亚麻经济性状好，原茎产量高。     

海南香蕉花叶病病毒分离物的研究

对海南产区感染花叶病的香蕉病株进行生物学分离获得一种直径为28—30nm的球形病毒分离物,该分离物汁液接种可引起香蕉花叶症状,并侵染一些黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)的诊断寄主植物,提纯病毒外壳蛋白由一种分子量约为3.2×10~6道尔顿的亚基构成,琼脂免疫双扩散试验表明,该病毒分离物和CMV有血清学关系,根据这些性质该病毒分离物被鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒。     

Virulence factors and markers in Escherichia coli from calves with bacteremia

Relative pathogenicity of 151 Escherichia coli isolates from 36 calves with bacteremia after necropsy was studied by measurement of the LD50 after mice were inoculated IP with E coli isolates. Study of virulence factors and markers revealed that the pathogenicity of E coli was associated with the production of hydroxamate siderophores and with resistance to serum bactericidal effects. Production of colicins, including colicin V, and of surface antigen 31A was correlated with virulence. The close association between phenotypic expression of virulence factors and markers was consistent with a hypothesis of a localization of genes coding for virulence factors and markers on the same plasmid.     

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel oxime ether pyrethroids

A series of novel 2-methylthio-3'/4'-substituted acetophenone oxime O-ethers were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding acetophenone oximes with halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide and phase-transfer catalysis or with triethyl quaternary ammonium salts of halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide. These compounds showed notable insecticidal activity against Homopteran and Lepidopteran pests. 2-Methylthio-4'-fluoroacetophenone oxime O-[(2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methyl] ether was more effective than the commercial insecticides chlorfenapyr and fenvalerate.     

Procyanidin and catechin contents and antioxidant capacity of cocoa and chocolate products

Cocoa and chocolate products from major brands were analyzed blind for total antioxidant capacity (AOC) (lipophilic and hydrophilic ORAC(FL)), catechins, and procyanidins (monomer through polymers). Accuracy of analyses was ascertained by comparing analyses on a NIST standard reference chocolate with NIST certified values. Procyanidin (PC) content was related to the nonfat cocoa solid (NFCS) content. The natural cocoa powders (average 87% of NFCS) contained the highest levels of AOC (826 +/- 103 micromol of TE/g) and PCs (40.8 +/- 8.3 mg/g). Alkalized cocoa (Dutched powders, average 80% NFCS) contained lower AOC (402 +/- 6 micromol of TE /g) and PCs (8.9 +/- 2.7 mg/g). Unsweetened chocolates or chocolate liquor (50% NFCS) contained 496 +/- 40 micromol of TE /g of AOC and 22.3 +/- 2.9 mg/g of PCs. Milk chocolates, which contain the least amount of NFCS (7.1%), had the lowest concentrations of AOC (80 +/- 10 micromol of TE /g) and PCs (2.7 +/- 0.5 mg/g). One serving of cocoa (5 g) or chocolate (15 or 40 g, depending upon the type of chocolate) provides 2000-9100 micromol of TE of AOC and 45-517 mg of PCs, amounts that exceed the amount in a serving of the majority of foods consumed in America. The monomers through trimers, which are thought to be directly bioavailable, contributed 30% of the total PCs in chocolates. Hydrophilic antioxidant capacity contributed >90% of AOC in all products. The correlation coefficient between AOC and PCs in chocolates was 0.92, suggesting that PCs are the dominant antioxidants in cocoa and chocolates. These results indicate that NFCS is correlated with AOC and PC in cocoa and chocolate products. Alkalizing dramatically decreased both the procyanidin content and antioxidant capacity, although not to the same extent.     

南方红豆杉叶片性状的遗传变异及相关性研究

为了选育南方红豆杉优良品种,研究南方红豆杉实生后代的遗传变异规律,对福建明溪的南方红豆杉实生后代叶片性状5个方面的遗传变异情况进行调查分析。结果表明:叶宽变异度最大,变异系数为19.05%,其他性状的变异系数在10.46%～16.77%。叶片性状变异表现为连续性变异,属于数量性状遗传;叶片性状的分布表现为正态分布规律,偏倚系数较小;叶片性状多个指标的相关性显著,其中叶长与叶宽呈现极显著性正相关,叶长与叶厚、单位叶片数量,叶宽与叶厚、叶型指数呈现极显著性负相关。     

Effect of different hand-milking techniques on milk production and teat treatment in Zebu dairy cattle

The aim of the study was to test three different hand-milking techniques (“pull down”, “thumb in”, and “full hand grip”) and their effects on milk production and teat treatment. This is important since milk production in many tropical areas still rely on hand-milking. The study was carried out at a peri-urban farm in the Bobo-Dioulasso area in Burkina Faso. Twelve indigenous Zebu cows in early lactation were used in the study. The sequences of the treatments (hand-milking techniques) and the milkers were balanced for carry-over effects between successive periods and days, respectively. The sequences were constructed by using special Latin squares. Yield and composition of saleable milk was not affected by milking technique but there were differences between the milkers in milk yield. There was also a significant interaction for saleable milk yield between milker and milking technique. Hemoglobin in milk was measured as an indicator of teat damage. The hemoglobin content was numerically higher in post-milking strip milk samples than in saleable milk. It was concluded that the amount of milk removed depends mainly on the milker and how well the milking technique works for the individual milker. No effect of milking technique was observed on teat treatment.     

苏丹红Ⅰ褪色分光光度法测定环境水体中六价铬

在盐酸介质中,依据六价铬离子(Cr(Ⅵ))氧化苏丹红Ⅰ使其褪色的原理提出了测定Cr(Ⅵ)离子的新方法,确定了最优的测定条件.在485 nm处,Cr(Ⅵ)离子在0.2～2.6 μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律,线性回归方程为A=0.207 0C+0.002 35,相关系数为0.996 0,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.09×104 L/(cm·mol).该方法可用于水样中的微量Cr(Ⅵ)离子的测定,回收率为97.1％～100.3％,RSD小于3.0％.     

水环境中2,4-D光降解、O_3/H_2O_2降解的研究进展

综述了水环境中2,4-D光降解、O_3/H_2O_2降解的理论依据。主要对水溶液中2,4-D的降解所涉及的影响因素(包括辐射强度、吸光物质、pH、温度)对降解产生的影响作用和机理作了介绍,并进行了展望。