新疆库米什金矿土壤可培养细菌的多样性分析

[目的]了解新疆库米什一处金矿土壤可培养细菌的多样性及建立菌种资源库.[方法]采集库米什金矿土壤样品,采用两种不同培养基(LB,TSB)分离纯化细菌,对其进行形态观察(菌落及细胞)、生理测定、16SrDNA测序和系统进化分析.[结果]从两种培养基上总共得到50株细菌,根据基于16S rDNA的系统进化分析表明,50株菌分别属于3个大类群:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes ),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobaeteria),12个属,30个分类单元.其中芽抱杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势细菌种群,占已测种群的63.3;.菌株L10-5与Bacillus foraminis (AJ717382)有96.463;的相似率,可能为潜在新种.[结论]库米什金矿土壤可培养细菌具有较高的多样性,存在潜在新菌种资源,值得进一步研究.     

《中国学术期刊影响因子年报》系列数据库首发式的北京召开沙雅县胡杨林土壤可培养细菌的多样性分析

[目的]了解新疆沙雅县胡杨林土壤可培养细菌的多样性.[方法]沙雅县胡杨林采集土壤样品,采用两种不同的培养基(LB,TSA)分离纯化细菌,并对它们进行16S rDNA测定和系统进化分析.[结果]分离纯化不同表型的57株细菌.对它们16S rDNA序列分析表明,57株菌分别属于3个大类群厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria),13个属,33个种;芽孢杆菌属是优势细菌种群,它占已测种群的67.2;.其中6株菌M28,M13,CT3,YS30-1,CM5,CL19初步被认为是潜在的新种(16S rDNA相似率为96.780;～97.961;).[结论]沙雅县胡杨林可培养细菌不仅具有比较高的多样性,并存在一些潜在的新的细菌菌种资源,极具进一步发掘的潜力.     

Effects of Freezing and Frozen Storage on Protein Functionality and Texture of Some Cephalopod Muscles

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of freezing and frozen storage on protein functionality and texture of squid (Loligo vulgaris), octopus (Octopus vulgaris), and cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) muscles. Squid, octopus, and cuttlefish samples were cut into pieces of 4 × 4 cm. These pieces were packed in polyethylene bags. The bags were frozen in a blast freezer at ?45°C until the thermal center reached ?18°C. Frozen samples were stored in a deep freezer at ?18°C for 30 days. After freezing and during frozen storage, total soluble protein and water holding capacity decreased and total free amino acid and cooking loss increased in all cephalopod muscles. According to instrumental texture analysis results, freezing and frozen storage affected textural characteristics of squid and cuttlefish but not of octopus. Sensory hardness and chewiness values of all cephalopods increased after freezing, but elasticity values did not change. There were no significant differences between storage days in hardness values of squid and octopus. However, significant differences in hardness values of cuttlefish were observed between the 1st day of storage and the last day.     

Effectiveness of tagetes natural exudates onMeloidogyne javanica (Chitwood) nematode

The effectiveness of intercropping tagetes with tomato in comparison with the natural root exudates of tagetes onMeloidogyne javanica nematode population and galls on tomato cultivated in sandy soil was studied. Both tagetes roots extracts and intercropping tagetes with tomato significantly reducedM. javanica nematode population, egg masses and galls on tomato. Intercropping tagetes with tomato was more effective in reducing root-knot nematode population and galls than treating tomato with natural root extracts of tagetes.Therefore, intercropping resistant plant with susceptible host to nematode is a new and good approach to nematode control.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung des Pflanzens vonTagetes zwischen Tomaten im Vergleich zur Beigabe von Wurzel-Exudaten vonTagetes zu den Tomaten auf den NematodenMeloidogyne javanica in Sandboden untersucht. Beide Verfahren reduzierten signifikant die Zahl der Nematoden, die Eigelege und Gallenbildungen an den Tomaten. Jedoch wirkte die Zwischenpflanzung vonTagetes besser als die Hinzufügung vonTagetes-Wurzelexudaten.Auf Grund der Ergebnisse bietet das Zwischenpflanzen einer resistenten Pflanzenart zu einer nematoden-empfindlichen Pflanzenart einen neuen Weg der Nematodenbekämpfung.

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With one table     

Bio-efficacy of sincocin AGTM to controlTylenchulus semipenetrans (Tylenchida,Nematoda) in citrus orchard

Field experiment was conducted at a site naturally infested withTylenchulus semipenetrans to explore the effect of sincocin AGTM as a biocidal agent at 2000 ppm in controlling citrus nematodes. Sincocin AGTM significantly reduced citrus nematode population in both soil and roots ofCitrus sinesis, and enhanced both growth of orange trees and soil mites especially the mesostigmatide mites. In treated soil, the nature nematode feeders, mesostigmatide mites were increased by 140% and 243%, one month and two months, respectively, post application.     

Protective effect following intranasal exposure of goats to live Pasteurella multocida B:2

This study aimed to determine the effect of intranasal exposure to low doses of Pasteurella multocida B:2 on survival of goats challenged with high doses of the same organism. Eighteen goats were selected and divided into three groups. Goats of group 1 were exposed intranasally twice, with a two-week interval, to 7× 10⁶ cfu/ml of live P. multocida B:2. Goats of group 2 were not exposed to P. multocida B:2 but were kept together with the exposed group 1. Goats of group 3 remained as unexposed controls and were kept separated from the other two groups. Serum samples were collected at weekly intervals to determine the antibody levels. At week 5 post exposure, all goats were challenged subcutaneously with 3.7× 10¹⁰ cfu/ml of live P. multocida B:2. Following challenge exposure, 8 (67%) goats (4 goats from each of groups 1 and 2) were killed owing to haemorrhagic septicaemia. Four goats were killed peracutely within 48 h post challenge, while the other four goats were killed acutely between 2 and 4 days post challenge. None of the goats of group 3 were killed for haemorrhagic septicaemia. Goats of groups 1 and 2 showed significantly (p<0.05) higher antibody levels following the first intranasal exposure to P. multocida B:2. However, only group 1 retained the significantly (p<0.05) high antibody levels following a second intranasal exposure, and remained significantly (p<0.05) higher than groups 2 and 3 at the time of challenge. P. multocida B:2 was successfully isolated from various organs of goats that were killed between 1 and 4 days post challenge.     

Detection and characterization of Leptospira spp. in dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease in Selangor,Malaysia

Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. A wide range of symptoms have been described in humans; the disease in dogs is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information about the common serovars infecting dogs is limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrences of leptospirosis in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease. Blood, urine, abdominal effusion, and/or kidney and liver were collected from the dogs. Based on microscopic agglutination testing, 53 of 124 (42.7%) dogs were seropositive for leptospiral exposure. Sera were frequently positive to serovars Bataviae (n = 12), Javanica (n = 10), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 10). Direct detection using PCR showed that 42 of 124 (33.9%) of the whole blood and 36 of 113 (31.9%) urine samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. By PCR, 2 of 23 (9.1%) kidney and 2 of 23 (9.1%) liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Abdominal effusion from 4 dogs were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. We further identified and characterized 11 Leptospira spp. isolates from 8 dogs as serovars Bataviae, Javanica, and Australis. The mortality rate of the Leptospira-infected dogs was high (18 of 53; 34%).     

Corpuscular oxidation in newborn crossbred calves naturally infected with Theileria annulata

Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation has been implicated as a cause of anemia in Theileria annulata infection in cattle. The present study aimed to evaluate oxidative damage of membrane lipids and proteins in addition to hemoglobin (Hb) as three criterions of erythrocyte oxidation and their relation to erythrocyte deformability and anemia of newborn crossbred calves (Friesian × Egyptian Balady breed) naturally infected with T. annulata. Twenty-five T. annulata-infected calves (aged 20-30 days) along with 15 age matched healthy controls were used. Percentage of parasitemia varied from 12% to 63% (34.76 ± 3.05%). In comparison to controls, infected calves showed increased levels (P<0.001) of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA, 52%) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls; PCs, 132%) in erythrocyte membrane as well as increased values of Hb oxidation (methemoglobin; MetHb, 186%), corpuscular osmotic fragility (15.1%) and hemolysis (free Hb; 195.5%). Parasitemia was positively correlated with MDA (r=0.41, P=0.039), PCs (r=0.45, P=0.023) and MetHb (r=0.40, P=0.042). Also, percent of erythrocytic deformability (echinocytosis) was positively correlated with MDA (r=0.49, P=0.013) and PCs (r=0.63, P<0.001). On the other hand, erythrocytic packed cell volume was negatively correlated with MDA (r=-0.44, P=0.028), PCs (r=-0.72, P<0.001) and MetHb (r=-0.42, P=0.037). In conclusion, T. annulata infection is associated with a parasitic burden-dependant oxidative damage to the erythrocyte membrane protein and lipid contents in addition to Hb. This oxidative damage is linked to the morphological changes of the erythrocyte and may act as mechanisms contribute to pathogenesis of anemia in T. annulata infection in newborn calves.     

Evaluation of attract-and-kill strategy for management of cocoa pod borer,Conopomorpha cramerella,in Malaysia cocoa plantation

Abstract

In South-East Asia, cocoa production is dramatically affected by cocoa pod borer (CPB) infestations. As an alternative tool to chemical control, the efficacy of attract-and-kill strategy (CPB sex-pheromone as attractant and Delta trap without sticky liner sprayed with cypermethrin solution as killing station) was evaluated and compared with current standard CPB management approach as control treatment during two main cocoa harvest seasons in Malaysia (with 100 µg and 33.3 µg CPB-pheromone loading per station, respectively). In both seasons, attract-and-kill strategy was highly effective at reducing male flight activity (p?<?0.05) in attract-and-kill plots comparing with standard CPB management plots. For the percentage of CPB-infested pods, the attract-and-kill strategy (100 µg) was as good as the conventional pesticide spray applications of cypermethrin (p?=?0.083) in first season. However, it was significantly (p?=?0.021) reduced in the second season with lower pheromone loading (33.3 µg), indicating that this semiochemical based strategy is far superior to and more feasible than the currently applied conventional synthetic pesticide treatment and is therefore a good alternative in CPB integrated pest management.