基于天然XY雌鱼培育YY超雄尼罗罗非鱼的新方法

前期报道了养殖群体存在天然XY雌鱼,但其能否用于培育YY超雄罗非鱼尚不清楚。本研究首先引入遗传性别受LG23染色体严格控制的CQ(重庆)尼罗罗非鱼群体和具有天然XY雌鱼的WC(湛江吴川)群体,将CQ群体XY雄鱼与WCXY雌鱼杂交,检验杂交F₁ YY超雄鱼是否可用于控制后代性别,并比较杂交F₁ XY和YY罗非鱼体质量、性腺指数、血清激素水平和性腺基因表达情况。研究发现,CQXY雄鱼和WCXY雌鱼交配,获得的F₁中有25%为YY超雄鱼,经鉴定为全雄且可育。将F₁ YY超雄鱼与WC XX雌鱼、WC XY雌鱼(母本)、杂交F₁ XX雌鱼和CQ XX雌鱼交配,后代几乎全雄,仅在与F₁ XX雌鱼交配的后代中有2尾雌鱼(雄性率98%)。在孵化后180 d,杂交F₁中XY和YY个体的体质量、性腺指数、血清激素水平差异不显著。基因表达分析发现,YY鱼精巢中AmhX/AmhY mRNA表达显著高于XY鱼,而Dmrt1和Cyp11b2 mRNA表达水平差异...     

Feeding ecology and coexistence dynamics in a community of fishes in a temperate temporary water body

Temporary water bodies are temporally variable ecosystems supported primarily by rainwater. The biota supported by such water bodies present a range of capacities to remain in this environment for all or part of their life cycles. During floods, temporary pools can connect with permanent streams, promoting changes in trophic networks in the aquatic food webs. The aim of this research was to analyse the feeding ecology of a fish community in a temporary pool near of Tlacotalpan, in the Mexican southeast, in order to understand the dynamics of the feeding habits. First, we identified feeding habits that can be interpreted as guilds of the fishes in the temporary pool: the annual killifish Millerichthys robustus (the only autochthonous species) is planktophagous; Cynodonichthys tenuis and Astyanax aeneus are insectivores; Dormitator maculatus and larvae of amphibians (Lithobates sp.) are mainly detritivorous; and Poecilia mexicana is planktophagous and insectivorous. We then estimated the effect of coexistence on niche breadth and overlap. The niches of M. robustus and P. mexicana evidenced overlap, but the breadth was adjusted inversely, suggesting feeding specialisation in M. robustus in response to competition. We documented the existence of two cohorts of M. robustus; the niche breadth of the first and second cohorts suggesting different strategies probably related to competition under variable conditions. The niche of C. tenuis and A. aeneus, and D. maculatus and tadpoles overlapped, following a pattern of feeding generalisation in response to competition.     

Temporal changes in the fish community structure of a small subtropical spring lake: Decadal and seasonal analysis

In spring lakes, which have homogeneous environmental characteristics, it is expected that there will be no significant changes in the composition and structure of communities over time, and fluctuations will generally be related to the ecological attributes of the species. We studied the fish community in a small subtropical spring lake, Lake Zacapu, for two different decades to analyse its structural characteristics. Sampling was performed every 3 months at four sites from January to October 1995 and from May 2019 to May 2020. We determined the temporal variation (seasonal and decadal) in the fish community structure with respect to composition, abundance, diversity and dominance. We evaluated the association between species and water quality. Our results showed spatial homogeneity in most physicochemical variables that remained in the same range across decades, although some nutrients (NO₃) recently increased. All species identified in the early samples were present in the recent surveys (eleven native and two nonnative species), indicating that the fish community composition had significant qualitative stability. However, the dominant littoral cyprinid in 1995 was replaced by the more limnetic atherinopsid in 2019–2020, and the diversity and abundance of sensitive fish decreased in recent samplings. Consequently, the current status of critically endangered species is supported for some restricted and microendemic fish. The changes in the community structure attributes, which show a tendency for reduction in native species, emphasise the need to implement efforts to conserve freshwater fish diversity in small spring lakes.