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71.
Muñoz JA Stephen J Baptiste KE Lepage OM 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(2):260-265
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and complications following lavage and drainage of the lateral compartment (LC) of the equine guttural pouch (GP) using a modified Garm's technique (MGT). In an ex vivo study (study 1), six cadaver heads were examined to assess the anatomical limits of the surgical approach and whether vital structures might be damaged. This was followed by an in vivo study (study 2) in which a lavage/drainage tube was placed for 3 days into each LC of four standing horses using the MGT. In both studies, the procedure offered direct access into the LC and indirect access into the medial compartments of the GP. In study 1, the MGT provided a rostroventral point of access allowing drainage of the LC, with no obvious iatrogenic damage. In study 2, the MGT permitted lavage of the entire GP in three healthy horses and one horse with mild GP empyema. The only major complication was development of emphysema of the lateral wall of one LC, with secondary collapse of the mucous membrane. The time for secondary wound healing was 12-14 days. The MGT can be performed safely in standing horses and may be of value in providing access for lavage and drainage in horses with mild GP empyema. 相似文献
72.
Herv Garreau Julien Ruesche Hlne Gilbert Elodie Balmisse Florence Benitez Franois Richard Ingrid David Laurence Drouilhet Olivier Zemb 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(3):168-173
The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the significance of neonatal environment on feed efficiency. For that purpose, rabbits from a line selected for residual feed intake (RFI) during 10 generations (G10 kits) were cross‐fostered with non‐selected control does (i.e., G0 line), and reciprocally. In parallel, sibs were fostered by mothers from their original line. Nine hundred animals were raised in individual (N = 456) or collective (N = 320) cages. Traits analysed in this study were body weight at 32 days and at 63 days, average daily gain (ADG), feed intake between weaning and 63 days (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and RFI. The maternal environment offered by does from the line selected for RFI deteriorated the FCR of the kits, independently of their line of origin, during fattening (+0.08 ± 0.02) compared to FCR of kits nursed by G0 does. The line, the type of housing and the batch were significant effects for all the measured traits: G10 kits were lighter than their G0 counterparts at 32 days (?82.9 ± 9 g, p < 0.0001) and at 63 days (?161 ± 16 g, p < 0.0001). They also had a lower ADG (?2.36 ± 0.36 g/day, p < 0.0001), RFI (?521 ± 24 g/day, p < 0.0001) and a lower FI (?855 ± 31 g, p < 0.0001), resulting in a more desirable feed efficiency (FCR: ?0.35 ± 0.02). There was no significant difference in the contrast of G10 and G0 performances between collective and individual/digestive cages (p > 0.22): ?2.35 g/day versus 2.94 g/day for ADG, ?0.39 versus ?0.40 for FCR, ?577 g versus ?565 g for RFI and ?879 g versus ?859 g for FI, respectively). Thus, no genotype‐by‐environment (housing) interaction is expected at the commercial level, that is, no re‐ranking of the animals due to collective housing. 相似文献
73.
74.
Effects of esmolol on systemic hemodynamics and heart rate variability measured using the Analgesia/Nociception Index in resuscitated piglets with Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock 下载免费PDF全文
Emmanuel Boselli MD PhD Matthias Jacquet‐Lagrèze MD Jean‐Yves Ayoub DVM Lionel Bouvet MD PhD Olivier Dauwalder PharmD PhD Christelle Mansour DVM Thomas Margez Eng Christian Paquet Eng Damien Restagno MSc Bernard Allaouchiche MD PhD Jeanne‐Marie Bonnet‐Garin DVM PhD Stéphane Junot DVM PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2018,28(5):447-456
75.
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is a medicinal crop which provides tens of millions of dollars in income every year
for Canadian farmers. Most of the ginseng roots are produced in open fields under expensive shade structures. Farmers need
to plant ginseng at a very high density to achieve profitability. Since high planting densities are related to high disease
levels, field-cultivated ginseng requires frequent applications of pesticide. Growing ginseng in forests eliminates the need
of a shade structure and may reduce the need for pesticides. Thus, an experiment was performed in a maple (Acer rubrum) forest
in Québec to evaluate the effects of nutrient inputs such as lime or compost on ginseng development. Ginseng emergence and
survival rates, leaf area and foliar and root weight were evaluated for each treatment. Soil samples were taken in each plot
to determine the concentration of various soil nutrients. During the first two years of the experiment, it was noted that
the application of lime had a significative positive effect on ginseng growth. This effect could be related to higher calcium
concentration and/or lower aluminium toxicity. Liming would be an efficient way to improve the early development of ginseng
in maple forests. This practice is also known to improve the health of maple stands.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
76.
The presence of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) since the 1993-94 epidemic in southern Africa holds major implications for the export of ostrich products from this region. A challenge experiment with this field strain was conducted in open-air feedlot facilities under strict biosecurity measures. The experiment was designed to follow vaccination and preslaughter quarantine regulations currently enforced in South African export ostrich facilities in order to determine the viremia period and immune response under these specific circumstances. One hundred forty-three slaughter ostriches were allocated into three test groups, according to the time period between pretrial vaccination and challenge (1-2 mo, 2-4 mo, 4-6 mo), and an unchallenged control group. All birds in the test groups were challenged by oral, tracheal, and ocular routes with a field isolate of NDV. They were slaughtered over the next 4 wk on nine separate occasions and bled on 12 occasions. Virus isolation was attempted from seven sets of pooled samples from each bird to determine the viremia period and the serum antibody concentrations were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to establish an immune response curve. NDV could be back-isolated only up to day 9 postinfection and from only six ostriches with poor immune response titers and corresponding to a rise in antibody levels above an indirect ELISA optical density reading of 0.33. Virus could be recovered only from brain and respiratory tract tissue. The HI test was less sensitive than the ELISA. Immune response curves did not differ significantly between the groups and peaked on day 14 post-infection. From these data, ELISA titers would appear to be a good indicator of the probability that an ostrich will be clinically infected after velogenic NDV challenge. These results also suggest that the current vaccination schedule enforced by the South African Veterinary Authorities results in protective immunity in up to 95% of slaughter ostriches from export approved facilities. The standard 30-day preslaughter quarantine period introduced as part of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus control measures also appears sufficient to encompass the determined NDV viremia period of 9-11 days in slaughter ostriches. 相似文献
77.
Ludovic Bouré DMV MSc Diplomate ECVS Diplomate ACVS Marcel Marcoux DMV MSc Sheila Laverty MVB Diplomate ACVS Diplomate ECVS Olivier M. Lepage DMV PhD Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1999,28(4):226-232
OBJECTIVE: To develop a technique for arthroscopic excision of apical sesamoid fracture fragments using electrocautery probes. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: A total of 18 Standardbred horses. METHODS: Arthroscopic removal of apical sesamoid fracture fragments using both hook and loop electrocautery probes was performed on 18 Standardbred horses. The fracture fragments were approached using either an ipsilateral (3) or contralateral (15) arthroscopic triangulation technique. Distension of the metacarpo- (metatarso)-phalangeal joints was achieved using a 1.5% glycine solution. Under arthroscopic guidance, both the suspensory and intersesamoidean ligament attachments to the abaxial and the axial margins of the apical fragment were transected using a hook electrocautery probe. Subsequently, the palmar (plantar) soft tissue attachments to the apical fragment were transected with a loop electrocautery probe. Once freed of soft tissue attachments, the apical fragment was removed with Ferris-Smith intervertebral disc rongeur. The arthroscopic portals were closed in a routine manner. RESULTS: Horse ages ranged from 2 to 8 years (median, 2.5 years). Eighteen apical sesamoid fracture fragments were removed from the left (8) and right (8) hind limbs and the left (1) and right (1) forelimbs. Apical fragments occured in 15 lateral and 3 medial proximal sesamoid bones. No major complications occurred during or after surgery. The electrocautery probes permitted an easy and precise dissection of all soft tissue attachments to the apical sesamoid fracture fragments in all horses. Follow-up time was 7 to 44 months (median, 26 months); 10 of 14 horses returned to racing. Seven of nine horses that raced before surgery raced again and three of five that had not raced before surgery, raced afterwards. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic excision of apical sesamoid fracture fragments can be accomplished arthroscopically using electrocautery probes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Arthroscopic electrosurgery is an efficient and safe alternative for intra-articular dissection in horses. 相似文献
78.
Laser therapy is used in many countries, including South Africa, for the treatment of skin wounds. Low level galium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) laser was administered to full thickness skin wounds (3 x 3 cm) induced surgically on the dorsal aspect of the metacarpophalangeal joints of 6 crossbred horses in a randomised, blind, controlled study. Treated wounds that received a daily laser dosage of 2 J/cm2 were compared with nontreated control wounds on the opposite leg. There were no wound complications. Both groups of wounds were cleaned daily using tap water. Wound contraction and epithelialisation were evaluated using photoplanimetry. There were no significant differences in wound contraction or epithelialisation between the laser treated and the control wounds. It was therefore concluded that laser therapy had no clinically significant effect on second intention wound healing in this study. 相似文献
79.
Fishes are both extremely diverse and morphologically disparate. Part of this disparity can be observed in the numerous possible fin configurations that may differ in terms of the number of fins as well as fin shapes, sizes and relative positions on the body. Here, we thoroughly review the major patterns of disparity in fin configurations for each major group of fishes and discuss how median and paired fin homologies have been interpreted over time. When taking into account the entire span of fish diversity, including both extant and fossil taxa, the disparity in fin morphologies greatly complicates inferring homologies for individual fins. Given the phylogenetic scope of this review, structural and topological criteria appear to be the most useful indicators of fin identity. We further suggest that it may be advantageous to consider some of these fin homologies as nested within the larger framework of homologous fin‐forming morphogenetic fields. We also discuss scenarios of appendage evolution and suggest that modularity may have played a key role in appendage disparification. Fin modules re‐expressed within the boundaries of fin‐forming fields could explain how some fins may have evolved numerous times independently in separate lineages (e.g., adipose fin), or how new fins may have evolved over time (e.g., anterior and posterior dorsal fins, pectoral and pelvic fins). We favour an evolutionary scenario whereby median appendages appeared from a unique field of competence first positioned throughout the dorsal and ventral midlines, which was then redeployed laterally leading to paired appendages. 相似文献
80.