中小果型无籽西瓜新品种博帅的选育

博帅系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司以9048为母本、M-2为父本杂交育成的中小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期90d左右,雌花开放至果实成熟约需27d。植株生长势中强,抗病抗逆性强。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮浅绿底覆绿色齿条带,厚度0.9cm,硬韧,耐贮运。瓤色鲜黄,质脆爽口,纤维少,无籽性能好;中心可溶性固形物12%～13%,边部9%～9.5%。单果质量4kg左右,667m2产量2700kg左右。适应性广,全国各地均可栽培。2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:湘审西瓜2009002。     

基于可视化的Word办公报表的设计

作为信息化系统的重要组成部分,报表集成了企事业单位日常办公管理中的数据收集、数据处理和格式输出三个环节.针对现行Word报表系统中的模板建模和复杂报表的处理能力不足,通过Word XML(Extensible Markup Language)方案和基于单元格的处理,设计了一个具有良好可视化的Word办公报表系统.该系统有效地提高了报表模板建模的可视化和可操作性,降低了报表的计算复杂度.     

Compensatory growth and body composition of juvenile black rockfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastes schlegeli</Emphasis> following feed deprivation

ABSTRACT:   Compensatory growth, feeding rate, feed efficiency and chemical composition of juvenile black rockfish (mean weight 1.43 g) were investigated for 35 days after a 14-day feed deprivation treatment under four feeding conditions: one group continuously fed (control) and the other three groups fasted for 5 days (F5), 10 days (F10) and 14 days (F14). All fasted fish were re-fed from day 15. Only F5 achieved the same body weight as the control, indicating that complete compensation occurred in F5. The specific growth rate (SGR) of F5 was the highest at day 21 and then decreased thereafter, showing higher values than the control at days 21, 28 and 42. In contrast, although SGRs of F10 and F14 were higher than that of the control during the whole refeeding period except day 21, they did not catch up the control in body mass, indicating that only partial compensation occurred in F10 and F14. The feeding rate (FR) of all groups except F14 changed in a pattern similar to SGR (Spearman's rank correlation, r _s > 0.9), suggesting that SGR varied depending on FR. Similar feeding efficiencies (FEs) were found in the four groups and they did not vary significantly during the whole refeeding period, suggesting that FE was not the factor affecting SGR. At day 14, the ratios of lipid to lean body mass in F10 and F14 were lower than those in the control and F5, and there was no difference between the control and F5. At day 49, however, only F14 showed a lower value than the other three groups, and there was no difference among the three groups. These results indicate that juvenile black rockfish fasted for 5–14 days can exhibit compensatory growth after refeeding, but timing and degree vary depending on the duration of feed deprivation.     

河流弧菌在天然海水与人工海水中的饥饿效应

对数生长期河流弧菌分别悬浮于天然海水和人工海水后于28℃进行饥饿试验.在饥饿初期,两种海水中河流弧菌的总菌数、活菌数、菌落形成单位数都明显上升,但天然海水中的河流弧菌生长时间持续更久、增长幅度也更大;饥饿中、后期,总菌数都保持稳定,而可培养菌数与活菌数逐渐下降,其中可培养菌数下降幅度高于活菌数,人工海水中的河流弧菌下降幅度高于天然海水.河流弧菌对青石斑鱼表皮粘液的粘附量随着饥饿时间延长先上升后下降.与对数生长期相比,饥饿60 d的可培养细胞对热和紫外线的耐受性提高.饥饿细胞的间接ELISA最低检测限高于对数生长期细胞.通过SDS-PAGE分析菌体蛋白发现饥饿细胞的蛋白质条带减少.腹腔注射饥饿60 d的河流弧菌不会引起小鼠死亡,而对数生长期细胞能够引起小鼠死亡.研究结果表明,河流弧菌能够在温暖的人工海水和天然海水中长时间饥饿存活,但是饥饿细胞的毒力较低.     

不同工艺对牛粪堆沤肥过程气体排放的影响

堆沤肥是中国畜禽粪便处理利用的最主要方式。为探究不同堆沤肥方式对温室气体和氨气排放规律和温室效应,在北京市密云区开展了为期71d的堆沤肥试验,以牛粪和玉米秸秆为原料,分析了静态堆沤 (T1)、堆沤+翻抛 (T2)、堆沤+覆膜 (T3)、翻抛+覆膜 (T4)等4种方式对堆沤肥过程中腐熟度、温室气体和氨气等指标的影响。结果表明,4个处理的种子发芽指数分别达到131.33%、134.49%、108.76%和136.24%,均满足堆肥产品的腐熟度要求（≥70%）。翻抛有利于CO₂、N₂O和NH₃的排放,而覆膜抑制了N₂O的生成,T2处理的增温潜势最高,T3处理的增温潜势最低,较对照组T1处理减排20.14%。因此,T3处理在能够保证堆肥产品的腐熟度要求的前提下,还可有效减少增温潜势。该研究可为中小养殖场户堆沤肥的工艺优化实践提供技术指导。     

原料和热解温度对生物油分子蒸馏分离特性的影响

针对生物油组分复杂,难以直接应用的问题,该研究开展了不同生物油的分子蒸馏馏分分布规律的研究,并考察了不同原料和温度对生物油分子蒸馏分离特性的影响。热解液化试验结果表明,生物油组分以酸、醛、酮、酚、糖为主。随着热解温度的升高,松木生物油中轻质组分产率由21%不断降低至11%,而秸秆生物油中轻质组分产率稳定在20%左右。高温生物油各组分的平均分子自由程两极化程度加强,600℃制备轻质油蒸出比例最高,可以达到92%（松木）和86%（秸秆）。酚类化合物中酚羟基的数量可以显著影响其分离特性,较高的热解温度促进了酚羟基的产生,从而使酚类物质从蒸出部分（distillation fraction, DF）向残留部分（residual fraction, RF）中转移。分子蒸馏技术能够实现对不同生物油的有效分离,得到的DF中主要包含酸、酮和小分子酚类,RF则以糖和大分子酚为主,除了羟乙醛和苯并呋喃等化合物外,生物油中的大部分化合物的富集程度都可以达到90%以上。该研究可为快速热解生物油的分离及其后续提质研究提供一定的参考。     

17份食用向日葵杂交种苗期抗旱性综合评价

以17份食葵杂交种为试材,采用1/2 Hoagland营养液水培的方式,以PEG-6000模拟干旱,分析苗期根系形态和生物量对干旱胁迫的响应,并对食葵杂交种的抗旱能力进行综合评价.结果表明:苗期食葵根系形态指标受干旱影响程度要高于生物量,根系形态各指标受干旱影响程度顺序为:根体积>根平均直径>根尖数>总根长>根表面积,...     

缺铁条件下磷素水平对不同磷效率大豆农艺性状的影响

为给缺铁地区磷肥的合理施用提供理论依据,以磷高效和磷低效基因型大豆为材料,采用砂培方式研究不同磷/铁处理对不同磷效率大豆生物学性状的影响,分析农艺性状与大豆植株磷、铁性状的关系,以及磷、铁性状对单株粒重的影响,并利用因子得分综合评价磷高效和磷低效基因型对不同磷/铁处理的响应.结果表明:磷高效基因型大豆在R5期的株高、茎...     

夏威夷菠萝高效再生体系研究

采用菠萝试管苗的叶片、叶鞘、茎段和茎薄片作外植体,以MS或1/2 MS为基本培养基,应用正交试验设计方法研究了不同浓度的2,4-D、6-BA、NAA和AgNO3对夏威夷菠萝不定芽的诱导效果,并在添加不同激素组合的培养基中进行芽的增殖和生根培养研究.结果表明,茎段为诱导不定芽的最佳外植体,6-BA是影响不定芽产生的最主要因素.其中MS 6-BA 5.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L AgNO3 2.0 mg/L为不定丛芽诱导的最佳培养基,诱导率为83.3%;MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.05 mg/L为芽增殖的最佳培养基,可分化成绿色小苗;1/2 MS IBA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L为小苗生根的最佳培养基,生根粗壮,生根率达100%.     

Rare β-Resorcylic Acid Derivatives from a Halophyte-Associated Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides JS0419 and Their Antifungal Activities

Six new β-resorcylic acid derivatives (1–5 and 7) were isolated from a halophyte-associated fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides JS0419, together with four previously reported β-resorcylic acid lactones (RALs). The relative and absolute stereochemistry of 1 was completely established by a combination of spectroscopic data and chemical reactions. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of HRMS and NMR data. Notably, compounds 1–3 had a β-resorcylic acid harboring a long unesterified aliphatic side chain, whereas the long aliphatic chains were esterified to form macrolactones in 4–9. Among the isolated compounds, monocillin I and radicicol showed potent antifungal activities against Cryptococcus neoformans, comparable to clinically available antifungal agents and radicicol showed weak antifungal activity against Candida albicans. These findings provide insight into the chemical diversity of fungal RAL-type compounds and their pharmacological potential.