纳他霉素纳米乳的制备及其体外抑菌效果研究

【目的】制备纳他霉素纳米乳(NATA-NE),测定其对白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）、青霉菌（Penicillium）和酿酒酵母菌（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MFC）,以指导临床合理用药。【方法】综合纳米乳和纳他霉素的优势,将纳他霉素制成水包油型NATA-NE,以酮康唑和特比萘芬作为阳性药物对照,根据美国临床实验室标准化委员会（NCCLS）制定的真菌体外药敏试验方法M27A和M-38P,测定药物对3种受试菌株的MIC,并研究了NATA-NE的杀菌效果。【结果】NATA-NE对青霉菌、白色念珠菌和酿酒酵母菌的MIC值为1,0.5,0.5 μg/mL;NATA原料药、酮康唑和特比萘芬对上述3种菌的MIC值分别为2,1,1 μg/mL;4,8,8 μg/mL和1,8,16 μg/mL,NATA-NE的MIC值均小于或等于其他3种药物。3种菌在2 μg/mL NATANE的作用下1.5 h后,均未见生长;NATA原料药则需要4 μg/mL、2 h才能达到同样效果,而酮康唑和特比萘芬分别需要16 μg/mL、4 h和32 μg/mL、4 h才能达到同样效果。【结论】临床使用NATA-NE治疗动物真菌病时,可适当降低给药剂量和用药次数,以降低成本和对动物不可预期的副作用。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区畜牧业污染现状及防治对策

随着畜禽养殖业的迅速发展,饲养方式的改变,畜禽粪尿养分的循环和处理成为湿地生态环境保护要解决的重要问题。在对鄱阳湖生态经济区畜牧业发展调查的基础上,估算了2009年鄱阳湖生态经济区畜禽粪尿产生量及其排出的氮磷养分、CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N总量,并在此基础上提出了发展生态畜牧业,促进鄱阳湖生态经济区畜牧业可持续发展的对策。     

乙酰甲喹微乳的制备及其体外透皮释药研究

通过绘制伪三元相图优选处方,应用相转变法制备乙酰甲喹微乳,在透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)下考察其形态,用Zetasizer Nano ZS分析仪以光子关联能谱法(photon correlation spectroscopy,PCS)测定其粒径和多分散系数(polydispersity index,PDI),并用上述仪器测定其zeta电位,通过恒温加速试验评价其稳定性,并研究其在小鼠皮肤上的体外经皮释药效果。结果显示:在所考察的油相中,肉桂醛对乙酰甲喹的溶解度最大,聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH40)为最佳表面活性剂,用二者制备的乙酰甲喹微乳为黄色的澄清透明液体,流动性好;电镜观察微乳滴呈球形,纳米粒度仪测定其平均粒径为(13.9±0.3)nm,PDI为0.060±0.005;在25℃时,稀释5倍后的乙酰甲喹微乳的平均pH值为5.1±0.2,对应的平均zeta电位为(9.4±0.4)mV;高速离心、常温及低温下稳定,高温下颜色由黄色变为红色,但无药物析出,说明乙酰甲喹微乳符合微乳制剂的要求且稳定性较好;乙酰甲喹微乳配方中无氮酮和氮酮含量为2%及5%的表观透皮系数(Kp×10-3)分别为(12.701±0.012),(12.207±0.021)及(10.796±0.065)cm.h-1,而乙酰甲喹水溶液的表观透皮系数(Kp×10-3)是(4.908±0.034)cm.h-1,说明乙酰甲喹微乳的透皮效果优于其水溶液,且差异显著(P<0.01),其配方中无需透皮促进剂氮酮。     

海南咖啡产业链延伸和拓展对策

延伸和拓展海南咖啡产业链,对加快海南咖啡从传统农业向现代农业转变,促进咖啡产业持续健康发展具有非常重要的现实意义。文章论述咖啡产业链的概念和内涵,海南咖啡面临生产源枯竭、产业无法做大做强现状,分析重塑海南咖啡品牌的环境资源优势和政策机遇,提出不断拓宽和延伸海南咖啡产业链长度、宽度和厚度,培育"兴隆咖啡"和"福山咖啡"两大产业集群主体的思路及对策。     

Analysis of Large Caisson Sinking Measured Resistance

In the sinking process of large-scale caisson, the distribution of the shaft friction and the end resistance is the main controlling factor of the sinking feasibility, but the research based on large-diameter piles and small or medium-scale caissons are no longer applicable. With the real-time monitoring data of the south anchorage caisson sinking process of Yangtze River Highway Bridge in Ma An Shan, this paper analyses the underlying principles and the mechanical characteristics in the sinking process of the large-scale caisson foundation, Verify the applicability of different formulas of the foundation ultimate bearing capacity in the of the caisson; Contrast sink to different depths , the value and the distribution rules of the shaft friction and the end resistance, this paper also modifies the formulas and distribution characteristics of the shaft friction proposed by current specifications, and the conclusions are suitable for reference of similar scale projects.     

祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹吞咽功能障碍的多中心临床观察

目的系统观察祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹患者吞咽功能障碍的作用。方法将240例确诊为风痰型假性球麻痹的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各120例,分别给予祛风化痰针刺法和模拟针刺法治疗,取穴风池(双)、完骨(双)、廉泉、丰隆(双)。每天上、下午各针刺1次,连续6 d为1疗程,疗程间休息1 d,治疗4个疗程。采用洼田饮水试验方法于治疗前、治疗2、4个疗程后进行吞咽功能级别评定,4个疗程后进行疗效评定和比较。结果第2个疗程结束后两组患者的吞咽功能评级与治疗前比较有较显著的提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,第4疗程结束后吞咽功能评级进一步显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组较对照组更优,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组的治愈率、显效率和总有效率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹患者吞咽功能有肯定、持续且显著的作用,有较大的临床应用价值。     

热科院推动海南休闲农业发展的战略分析

分析海南休闲农业发展中存在的问题和趋势,提出热科院的发展战略中应当包括休闲农业的研究、设计、示范和推广,通过对休闲农业的研究提升自身发展层次和水平,同时推动海南休闲农业的发展,推进海南国际旅游岛建设。     

打顶对甜脆1号豇豆产量、品质和抗病性的影响

通过对甜脆1号盛花初期打顶和不打顶处理,以之豇28-2为对照,对甜脆1号的抗病、高产、优质无公害栽培技术进行了探讨。试验结果表明,甜脆1号具有抗病性强、高产、质优的特点,打顶处理可以进一步提高豇豆的产量和产值,但对品质和抗病性影响变化不大。     

干鸡粪在子莲栽培中的应用试验

采用有机产品标准允许使用的干鸡粪对子莲栽培进行施肥试验。试验结果表明,子莲施用干鸡粪,对子莲物候期如始蕾期、始花期等无明显影响,但有效蓬数减少,籽粒较常规栽培小,产量降低。施肥量增至4 000 kg/667 m2时,上述指标可接近常规施肥栽培水平。     

Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates free fatty acid-induced toxicity by activating AMPK in C2C12 myoblasts

AIM: To examine the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on the toxicity of free fatty acids (FFAs) in C2C12 myoblasts. METHODS: C2C12 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, APS group, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)group,FFAs group and FFAs+APS group. MTT assay was used to observe the viability of C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs at concentration of 0.25 mmol/L for 24 h were exposed to APS at dose of 200 mg/L for 24 h. The expression of total AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) was examined by Western blotting. The content of AMP and ATP was determined by HPLC. The structural changes of the mitochondria were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The results of MTT assay indicated that APS improved the viability of C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs. In FFAs+APS group, the ratio of AMP/ATP was increased after treatment with APS. No difference of total AMPK expression in C2C12 cells between APS group and FFAs group was observed. However, the expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC increased in APS group as compared with FFAs group. The results of transmission electron microscopy indicated that APS improved the vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria resulted from treatment with FFAs in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION: In C2C12 cells, APS attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxity via a mitochondria-and AMPK-dependent mechanism.