Seasonal changes in bud dormancy in relation to bud morphology, water and starch content, and abscisic acid concentration in adult trees of Betula pubescens

Annual cycles of change in bud morphology, bud burst ability, abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and starch and water content were studied in mid-crown terminal buds of short shoots and underground basal buds of Betula pubescens Ehrh. In particular, we investigated the roles of ABA and bud water content in the regulation of bud growth. Basal buds differed morphologically from terminal buds of short shoots in that their leaf initials did not develop into embryonic foliage leaves and their total size did not increase significantly during summer. Bud burst ability, measured by forcing detached short shoots and stumps under controlled conditions, was maintained in the basal buds throughout the year, whereas the terminal buds of short shoots remained dormant until October, thereafter their bud burst ability increased gradually and reached a maximum in March-April. The ABA concentration of the basal buds was relatively constant throughout the sampling period (1-3 micro g g(DW) (-1)), whereas that of the terminal buds of short shoots, which was much higher (5-10 micro g g(DW) (-1)), showed a distinct seasonal cycle with a maximum from August to November. Bud ABA concentration decreased during the first 10 days of forcing, especially in basal buds. In both bud types, the amount of starch increased toward the autumn, declined in November, and was negligible in the terminal buds of short shoots between January and March, but in April, the amount was high again in both bud types. Water content varied characteristically in both bud types, although more distinctly in the terminal buds of short shoots, with an increase in spring before bud burst and a decrease during the summer until September. The significant morphological and physiological differences between the mid-crown terminal buds of short shoots and the underground basal buds may partly explain the characteristic growth habit of the basal buds and their development into coppice shoots after cutting the tree. The results also indicate a role for ABA in maintaining dormancy of the terminal buds of short shoots and emphasize the relationship between tissue water status and ABA concentration.     

广州地区茶树根际线虫的调查与鉴定

经对广州、从化茶树根际线虫的调查结果显示 ,广州地区茶树根际有 6种寄生线虫 :粗筛纹垫刃线虫(Coslenchus costatus)、双角螺旋线虫 (Helicotvlenchus dignonicus)、加利福尼亚螺旋线虫 (H .californicus)、厄萨拉斯螺旋线虫 (H .exallus)、双宫螺旋线虫 (H .dihystera)和生根真滑刃线虫 (Aphelenchus radicicolus)。记述了它们的形态鉴定特征、线虫标本采集地和其生物习性及分布。茶树是粗筛纹垫刃线虫、加利福尼亚螺旋线虫、厄萨拉斯螺旋线虫和生根真滑刃线虫的新寄主记录     

大同地区禾谷类黑穗病偏重发生原因与防治对策

大同市地处山西省北部,属于高纬度、高海拔的冷凉地区,主要种植的农作物有玉米、谷黍、莜麦、高粱、春小麦等禾谷类作物和其他杂粮。近年来,黑穗病发生与为害逐年加重,成为禾谷类作物的主要病害。发病面积达10万hm2,占禾谷类作物播种面积的65%,一般田块发病率5%～10%,严重田块达50%以上,产量损失一般为5%～10%,重者达50%～90%。因黑穗病为害引发多起种子纠纷事件,造成严重的经济损失。鉴于此,笔者进行了5a的田间系统观测和大田调查,基本摸清了禾谷类黑穗病的主要种类及其重发原因,结合实际提出了行之有效的综合防治技术。1发生种类大同地区…     

基于FAdV-4中国流行株Fiber2蛋白的间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

利用在大肠杆菌中表达的FAdV-4中国流行株Fiber2蛋白作为包被抗原,建立了检测抗禽腺病毒血清4型(FAdV-4)中国流行株抗体的间接ELISA方法。所建立方法的最佳条件为:抗原最适包被量为0.25μg/孔,包被时间为37℃1h,然后4℃过夜;被检血清的最佳稀释度为1∶800,作用时间为2h;二抗选用HRP标记的兔抗鸡IgY,稀释度为1∶4 000,作用时间为1.5h;显色液TMB作用条件为室温5 min。所建立ELISA的判定标准为:样品的S/P值大于或等于0.055 3判为阳性,小于0.041 8判为阴性。用建立的ELISA方法对抗鸡新城疫病毒、禽流感病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、减蛋综合征病毒阳性血清进行了检测,均无交叉反应,表明该方法有较好的特异性,组内和组间重复的最大变异系数为5.6%和5.7%,所建立的ELISA方法重复性良好。用所建立的ELISA方法对50份来自于疑似患肝炎-心包积液综合征病鸡的血清样品进行检测,阳性检出率为98%,与FAdV-4病原学检测结果符合率为100%。结果表明:本试验所建立的ELISA方法可用于抗FAdV-4中国流行株抗体的检测,为肝炎-心包积液综合征病监测和流行病学调查提供了方法。     

黄土高原太阳总辐射气候学计算及特征分析

在概述了当前太阳总辐射的气候学计算方法的基础上,利用黄土高原区11个气象站点1992-2000年的日照时数和总辐射数据,采用最小二乘法按月求出黄土高原区气候学计算公式中的系数;然后根据研究区内73个站点的日照时数计算出太阳总辐射量,通过内插得到整个区域各月的太阳总辐射量。结果发现:黄土高原区太阳总辐射有随着纬度增高而增加的特点。     

关于"培训新型农民,创建和谐农村"的探讨与实践——以辽宁省沈阳市为例

探讨了培训新型农民在创建和谐农村中的地位和作用,从农业信息基础设施建设和筹措培训资金2个方面叙述培训新型农民所需的前期准备工作：从激发农民参加培训的积极性、培养信息致富带头人和全面培训新型农民等3个方面论述沈阳市关于培训新型农民工作是如何具体实施的,提出应该建立关于农民教育方面的长效机制等措施。     

转基因小麦抗旱性鉴定及相关指标灰色关联度分析

以9份转ABP9基因春小麦株系UC4-1~UC4-9及其受体亲本宁春4号为材料,在雨养和灌溉条件下,对这些材料的主要农艺性状和部分生化指标进行了测定,采用隶属函数值法和抗旱性度量(D)值法对其抗旱性进行了综合评价,并利用灰色关联度法对相关抗旱性状与抗旱指数之间的关联度进行了分析评价。结果表明:6份转基因小麦的抗旱性较受体亲本宁春4号增强,3份材料的抗旱性较非转基因春小麦品种定西35增强;各农艺性状和生化指标与抗旱指数的关联度从高到低依次分别为株高、单穗粒重、穗长、SOD活性、穗粒数、结实小穗数、有效分蘖数、POD活性、千粒重、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量。     

熵权法在草原生态安全评价研究中的应用——以甘肃牧区为例

本文在生态安全评价状态-压力-响应概念框架模型的指导下,以甘肃牧区草原生态安全评价为例,将熵权法与综合评价法有机结合进行了甘肃牧区草原生态安全评价指标权重确定及评价结果计算,在一定程度上丰富和发展了区域生态安全评价方法。研究结果表明,采用该方法得到的评价结果与区域实际情况相吻合,说明其具有科学性和可行性。研究中采用熵权法确定评价指标权重减少了评价过程中的人为主观性的干扰,能够更客观地反映各评价指标对区域整体生态安全状况的贡献率,为区域生态安全定量化评价提供了新的研究手段和方法,在定量化评价研究领域具有一定的实用价值和推广意义。     

小麦双轴旋耕播深控制装置设计及试验研究

为解决小麦播种过程中播深一致难以控制的问题,设计了一种具有播深控制装置的双轴旋耕播种机.机组采用前旋耕刀组正转深旋,后旋耕刀组反转浅旋抛土,后置播深控制装置铲土板与旋耕刀组联合作用产生平整种床,后刀轴旋耕刀反旋所抛土壤部分越过挡土板均匀覆盖在种层上完成覆土,实现小麦种子3～ 5mm的播深均匀一致.通过建立刀尖轨迹运动方...