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11.
Exotic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from chickens during the 2002-2003 California outbreak (CA exotic Newcastle disease [END] virus) was inoculated into 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens, 3-week-old SPF Beltsville White turkeys, 6-week-old commercial Broad Breasted White turkeys, and 10- to 20-week-old racing pigeons, and the clinicopathologic features of disease were compared. Birds were monitored clinically and euthanized sequentially with collection of tissues. Tissues were examined by histopathology, by immunohistochemistry to detect viral nucleoprotein, and by in situ hybridization to detect viral mRNA. Clinically, infected chickens and SPF turkeys showed severe depression, and all died or were euthanized because of severe clinical signs by day 5 postinoculation. In these birds, histologic lesions were widespread and virus was detected in multiple organs. All infected commercial turkeys showed mild depression, and incoordination was observed in some birds. Histologic lesions were mild, and viral distribution was limited. In pigeons, only 1 bird showed overt clinical disease, and histologic lesions and viral distribution were present in limited organs. Consequently, susceptibility to highly virulent NDV was shown to vary among chickens, SPF turkeys, commercial turkeys, and pigeons. Additionally, we have evidence of CA END virus subclinical infections that suggest pigeons could be subclinical carriers of other virulent NDV. 相似文献
12.
Nobuko Katayanagi Yuichiro Furukawa Tamon Fumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):360-372
The DNDC (DeNitrification-DeComposition)-Rice model, one of the most advanced process-based models for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields, has been discussed mostly in terms of the reproducibility of observed methane (CH4) emissions from Japanese rice paddies, but the model has not yet been validated for tropical rice paddies under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation management, a water-saving technique. We validated the model by using CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux data from rice in pots cultivated under AWD irrigation management in a screen-house at the International Rice Research Institute (Los Baños, the Philippines). After minor modification and adjustment of the model to the experimental irrigation conditions, we calculated grain yield and straw production. The observed mean daily CH4 fluxes from the continuous flooding (CF) and AWD pots were 4.49 and 1.22?kg?C?ha?1?day?1, respectively, and the observed mean daily N2O fluxes from the pots were 0.105 and 34.1?g?N?ha?1?day?1, respectively. The root-mean-square errors, indicators of simulation error, of daily CH4 fluxes from CF and AWD pots were calculated as 1.76 and 1.86?kg?C?ha?1?day?1, respectively, and those of daily N2O fluxes were 2.23 and 124?g?N?ha?1?day?1, respectively. The simulated gross CH4 emissions for CF and AWD from the puddling stage (2 days before transplanting) to harvest (97 days after transplanting) were 417 and 126?kg?C?ha?1, respectively; these values were 9.8% lower and 0.76% higher, respectively, than the observed values. The simulated gross N2O emissions during the same period were 0.0279 and 1.45?kg?N?ha?1 for CF and AWD, respectively; these values were respectively 87% and 29% lower than the observed values. The observed total global warming potential (GWP) of AWD resulting from the CH4 and N2O emissions was approximately one-third of that in the CF treatment. The simulated GWPs of both CF and AWD were close to the observed values despite the discrepancy in N2O emissions, because N2O emissions contributed much less than CH4 emissions to the total GWP. These results suggest that the DNDC-Rice model can be used to estimate CH4 emission and total GWP from tropical paddy fields under both CF and AWD conditions. 相似文献
13.
Iori Imazaki Kouji Ishikawa Nobuko Yasuda Atsushi Miyasaka Shinji Kawasaki Shinzo Koizumi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2006,72(2):77-84
We collected 247 isolates of Cercospora kikuchii from soybean seeds with typical purple stain symptoms from 15 prefectures in Japan. Of the 247 isolates, 93 were sensitive
to thiophanate-methyl, a benzimidazole used to control this soybean disease; the remaining 154 were highly resistant to the
fungicide. To examine genetic variability among the population of 247 isolates, we developed amplified fragment length polymorphism
(AFLP) markers. An AFLP primer pair generated DNA fingerprint polymorphisms among the sample isolates, and with the unweighted
pair-grouping method to cluster arithmetic means of the similarity coefficients among all pairs of the fingerprint patterns,
the isolates were divided into four lineages (I to IV). Of the 247 isolates, 225 belonged to lineage I, including all isolates
that were resistant to thiophanate-methyl. To determine whether the resistance of these isolates was related to mutations
in the β-tubulin gene, we amplified partial nucleotide sequences of the gene from 29 representative isolates, including 12
that were resistant to thiophanate-methyl, by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The resistant isolates had identical
nucleotide sequence with a one-step change at codon 198, in which the amino acid glutamic acid had been replaced by alanine.
The evidence thus suggests that thiophanate-methyl resistance might have arisen in lineage I, the largest of the four lineages.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB214511 to
AB214515 相似文献
14.
15.
Juvenile onset renal disease is described in 2 male and 2 female young Rottweiler dogs. Histologic changes in all dogs were cystic dilatation of Bowman's space, mesangial hypercellularity, and glomerulosclerosis. Three dogs also had glomerular crescents and moderate to severe interstitial fibrosis. Electron microscopy revealed glomerular basement membranes of variable thickness, with extensive splitting or lamellation of the lamina densa. These ultrastructural findings are similar to those found in people and in other breeds of dogs with inherited defects in type IV collagen. 相似文献
16.
Terminally misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are retrotranslocated to the cytoplasm and degraded by proteasomes through a mechanism known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). EDEM, a postulated Man8B-binding protein, accelerates the degradation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Here, EDEM was shown to interact with calnexin, but not with calreticulin, through its transmembrane region. Both binding of substrates to calnexin and their release from calnexin were required for ERAD to occur. Overexpression of EDEM accelerated ERAD by promoting the release of terminally misfolded proteins from calnexin. Thus, EDEM appeared to function in the ERAD pathway by accepting substrates from calnexin. 相似文献
17.
Soil solutions were taken from three forest areas with granite bedrock in Japan (Abukuma, Tateyama and Hiroshima) to investigate pH values, forms of Al and the molar BC/Al ratios. In each area, 10 sites were chosen for study. At each site, a target tree was selected, and two soil solution samples were taken from 10 cm depth at points 10 cm and 100 cm from the trunk of the tree to evaluate the effects of stemflow and throughfall on soil solution chemistry. Values of pH of samples taken 10 cm from the trunks (referred to as S samples) and 100 cm from the trunks (referred to as T samples) ranged from 3.66 to 6.52 and from 4.55 to 6.48, respectively. For Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) trees, S samples showed lower pH than T samples, whereas the inverse relation was observed for broadleaf trees. In the Abukuma and Tateyama areas, the concentrations of monomeric Al (Alm) were mostly below 30 µmol L?1. In the Hiroshima area, however, extremely high Alm concentrations (up to 293 µmol L?1) were observed at some sites. The molar ratio of BC (= Ca + Mg + K) to inorganic monomeric Al was higher than 1 for all samples, except for an S sample from the Hiroshima area having a ratio of 0.72. 相似文献
18.
Mary Leissinger João Brandão Nobuko Wakamatsu Alexandre Le Roux Gregory Rich Stephen Gaunt 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(3):364-367
An approximately 8‐year‐old male castrated Dutch rabbit was evaluated for a 6‐day history of respiratory signs, which began as sneezing and progressed to tachypnea with anorexia. On physical examination, tachypnea and pale mucous membranes were noted. Thoracic radiographs revealed a soft tissue pulmonary mass, fine‐needle aspirates of which confirmed a neoplasia with malignant features suspicious for a histiocytic sarcoma. The rabbit was discharged and due to a rapidly deteriorating condition, the owner declined chemotherapy with Lomustine and elected euthanasia of the rabbit. The affected lung was submitted for histopathology. Histologic sections of the lung were characterized by clusters of histiocytic cells and multinucleated giant cells with occasional invasion of blood and lymphatic vessels. The histologic diagnosis was histiocytic sarcoma. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of histiocytic sarcoma in a rabbit. Based on the clinical and radiologic findings in this case, histiocytic sarcoma should be included in the list of differentials for rabbits presenting with respiratory signs and evidence of a pulmonary mass. 相似文献
19.
Peter Lee Akihiro Mori Marcia Coradini Nobuko Mori Fumi Sagara Ichiro Yamamoto Jacquie S. Rand Toshiro Arai 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(2):221-227
Australian Burmese cats are predisposed to diabetes mellitus and, compared to other breeds, have delayed triglyceride clearance that may result in subtle changes within cells and tissues that trigger specific alterations in gene expression within peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). Expression of genes involved in energy metabolism (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase), lipogenesis (ATP citrate lyase [ACL], fatty acid synthase [FAS] and sterol regulatory binding protein-1c [SREBP-1c]), and insulin signalling (insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2, and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase), as well as cholesterol lipoprotein subfraction profiling were carried out on PBLs from lean Burmese cats and compared with similar profiles of age and gender matched lean and obese Australian domestic shorthaired cats (DSHs) in an attempt to identify possible biomarkers for assessing obesity.For the majority of the genes examined, the lean Burmese cats demonstrated similar PBL gene expression patterns as age and gender matched obese Australian DSH cats. Lean Burmese had increased expression of ACL and FAS, but not SREBP-1c, a main upstream regulator of lipid synthesis, suggesting possible aberrations in lipogenesis. Moreover, lean Burmese displayed a 3- to 4-fold increase in the very low density cholesterol fraction percentage, which was double that for obese DSH cats, indicating an increased degree of lipid dysregulation especially in relation to triglycerides. The findings suggest that Burmese cats may have a particular propensity for dysregulation in lipid metabolism. 相似文献
20.
Masahiko Ishida Masakazu Hara Nobuko Fukino Tomohiro Kakizaki Yasujiro Morimitsu 《Breeding Science》2014,64(1):48-59
Unique secondary metabolites, glucosinolates (S-glucopyranosyl thiohydroximates), are naturally occurring S-linked glucosides found mainly in Brassicaceae plants. They are enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce sulfate ions, D-glucose, and characteristic degradation products such as isothiocyanates. The functions of glucosinolates in the plants remain unclear, but isothiocyanates possessing a pungent or irritating taste and odor might be associated with plant defense from microbes. Isothiocyanates have been studied extensively in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models for their cancer chemopreventive properties. The beneficial isothiocyanates, glucosinolates that are functional for supporting human health, have received attention from many scientists studying plant breeding, plant physiology, plant genetics, and food functionality. This review presents a summary of recent topics related with glucosinolates in the Brassica family, along with a summary of the chemicals, metabolism, and genes of glucosinolates in Brassicaceae. The bioavailabilities of isothiocyanates from certain functional glucosinolates and the importance of breeding will be described with emphasis on glucosinolates. 相似文献