黔育1号菊苣与紫花苜蓿、鸭茅间作栽培效果研究

依据贵州省松桃县的气候特点和牧草种植需要,用黔育1号菊苣与北林202紫花苜蓿、黔草4号鸭茅分别进行间作试验,从产量、营养品质、生产效益等方面对间作复合群体与3种牧草单播进行比较分析,探讨黔育1号菊苣与不同牧草间作种植模式的增产效益。结果表明,在贵州松桃地区,黔育1号菊苣+北林202紫花苜蓿间作,年均鲜草产量可达87.27 t/hm²,比紫花苜蓿单播产量增加36.17%,生产效益提高20.77%,粗蛋白含量达26.83%。该研究结果可为松桃县种草养畜产业的发展提供技术支撑。     

Variations of SOC and MBC observed in an incubated brown loam soil managed under different tillage systems for 12 years

To assess changes in organic carbon pools, an incubation experiment was conducted under different temperatures and field moisture capacity (FMC) on a brown loam soil from three tillage practices used for 12 years: no‐till (NT), subsoiling (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). Total microbial respiration was measured for incubated soil with and without the input of straw. Results indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under ST, NT and CT was higher in soil with straw input than that without, while the microbial quotient (MQ or MBC: SOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO₂) content under CT followed the opposite trend. Lower temperature, lower moisture and with straw input contributed to the increases in SOC concentration, especially under NT and ST systems. The SOC concentrations under ST, with temperatures of 30 and 35°C after incubation at 55% FMC, were greater than those under CT by 28.4% and 30.6%, respectively. The increase in MBC was highest at 35°C for 55%, 65% and 75% FMC; in soil under ST, MBC was greater than that under CT by 199.3%, 50.7% and 23.8%, respectively. At 30°C, the lower qCO₂ was obtained in soil incubated under NT and ST. The highest MQ among three tillage practices was measured under ST at 55% FMC, NT at 65% FMC and CT at 75% FMC with straw input. These data indicate the benefits of enhancing the MQ; the low FMC was beneficial to ST treatment. Under higher temperature and drought stress conditions, the adaptive capacity of ST and NT is better than that of CT.     

黄河流域机采棉植株性状的筛选

为筛选适合黄河流域棉区机采的品种,对16份棉花材料的果枝始节高度、株高、产量构成因素、纤维品质指标进行系统调查、分析与研究。结果表明:适合进一步培育机采品种的材料为590032、中棉所49。     

YX106系杜洛克种猪有效精子数遗传改良

公猪在养猪生产中占据着最重要的位置，公猪的优秀遗传基因可通过精液快速传递到商品群中，从而快速获得效益。因此公猪精液的好坏关系着公猪的价值。在高成本的选育前提下，选育出1头精液品质优良的公猪具有重要的意义。研究将公猪精液品质指标加入到公猪选育性状中进行对比分析。研究结果表明：对公猪进行精液有效精子数选育可提高选育质量，正向促进公猪选育效果，提升种公猪利用效率。     

连云港口岸国际航行船舶截获植物有害生物情况分析与建议

为强化对国际航行船舶的检疫监管,降低植物有害生物传入风险,本文对"十二五"期间连云港口岸国际航行船舶截获植物有害生物的情况进行了统计,掌握了截获有害生物的种类,分析了影响截获的主要因素,并提出相应的检疫对策。     

可食性酪蛋白膜在食品保鲜中的应用

为研究可食性酪蛋白膜对食品贮藏过程中油脂氧化和抗氧化能力的影响,以草莓、马铃薯、鸡胸肉为材料,研究不同可食性酪蛋白膜处理对其蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、抗坏血酸含量、过氧化值、TBA值和正己醛浓度的影响。结果表明,草莓涂膜组的蛋白质、可溶性糖、抗坏血酸含量最高,脂溶性涂膜组次之,水溶性涂膜组稍高于对照组;马铃薯涂膜组比对照组的氧化程度低;鸡胸肉涂膜与未涂膜样品感官明显不同,抗氧化作用明显。由此可知,酪蛋白涂膜液优于涂膜对食品的保鲜效果,脂溶性涂膜效果优于水溶性涂膜,涂膜食品保鲜技术具有较佳的抗氧化能力和抑菌效果,在一定程度上可延长货架期。     

海城地区杨树烂皮病的突发原因及其对策

辽宁省海城地区2011年突发的杨树烂皮病,危害严重,面积达2549hm2,阐述了杨树烂皮病发生危害情况,分析了突发原因,提出了防治对策。     

洛阳地区园林常绿阔叶树种资源及其应用

为了对洛阳市的生态环境建设提供参考,对洛阳地区常绿阔叶树种进行了实地调查.结果表明,洛阳地区园林中应用的常绿阔叶树种共有58种,其中,乔木9种,灌木39种、藤本4种及竹类6种;野生常绿阔叶树种10余种.并针对应用中存在的问题,提出相应的发展对策.     

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.