Effects of density on growth,body composition and antioxidant indicators of Perinereis aibuhitensis and total nitrogen in sediments

Perinereis aibuhitensis is a marine polychaete living in intertidal zones that has important economic values. The present study investigated the effects of density on growth, body component and indices of antioxidant status of P. aibuhitensis as well as content of total nitrogen in sediments. When density was above 600 ind/m², specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio both decreased, suggesting that the optimal density ranged from 400 to 600 ind/m². Survivorship and content of crude protein of P. aibuhitensis significantly decreased at densities above 700 ind/m². At densities above 700 ind/m², activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as contents of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) were significantly up‐regulated, suggesting oxidative stresses to clamworms, which might explain the reduced survivorship. Moreover, total nitrogen content in sediment per kilogram of P. aibuhitensis significantly increased at density above 600 ind/m², suggesting that high density resulted in the extra release of N to the environment, which might pollute the habitats and become toxic to clamworms.     

西北风积沙区采煤扰动下土壤侵蚀与养分演变特征

为更好地理解西北风积沙矿区生态环境演变规律,以神东哈拉沟与上湾矿区为例,利用~(137)Cs示踪法分析了未采区、自恢复沉陷区(1、2、4、8 a沉陷区)与植被修复区(13 a沉陷区)的土壤侵蚀与养分特征,研究了矿区土壤侵蚀与养分的演变规律。结果表明:采煤扰动可以导致未采区土壤侵蚀强度增大与有机碳、微生物量碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮养分明显损失。开采沉陷后,沉陷区土壤侵蚀强度随着时间的推移呈现出先增加后降低的趋势;其中,地表沉陷后的最初2 a是土壤侵蚀急剧增大的时段。采煤扰动下,土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮养分的演变规律与土壤侵蚀演变密切相关。植被修复可以有效降低沉陷区土壤侵蚀强度与提高土壤养分含量。西北风积沙区采煤沉陷地表的生态恢复应该及时开展地表沉陷后的早起侵蚀防治,兼顾考虑植被修复与土壤微生物联合修复,以此促进土壤、植被正向演替。     

基于探地雷达功率谱和雷达波振幅包络估算砂壤含水率

为实现探地雷达(ground penetrating radar,GPR)技术对中国西部干旱地区浅部砂壤介质含水率分布精确、快速、连续的探测,该文研究了耦合自回归滑动平均功率谱估计方法(auto regressive and moving average,ARMA)和雷达波振幅包络平均值方法(average envelope amplitude,AEA)反演含水率提高反演精度的可行性。首先,使用自回归滑动平均功率谱估计方法(auto regressive and moving average,ARMA)和雷达波振幅包络平均值方法(average envelope amplitude,AEA)分别反演雷达有效探深范围内的砂壤介质体积含水率值。将雷达探测结果分别与取样烘干法在各深度的测试结果进行对比分析,发现针对研究区内的干燥砂壤介质,使用ARMA方法能够有效地反演出地表10 m深度内砂壤介质的体积含水率值,但0~0.5 m范围内含水率值反演结果不准确;而AEA方法可准确反演出该地区0~0.5 m范围内的体积含水率值。根据2种方法的适用性,构建典型干旱地区浅部砂壤介质(0~10 m)含水率的反演模型。实际探测显示,联合模型平均相对误差为5.57%~16.71%、均方根误差为0.62%~2.08%,在0~0.5 m范围内反演的含水率平均相对误差比ARMA方法减少16.81%~41.80%,与AEA方法相比,联合模型能够反演更深地表的含水率。综合表明联合模型能够快速、准确、连续地获得西部干旱区0~10 m范围内浅部砂壤介质的体积含水率值。     

基于太阳能烟囱发电系统集热性能试验的集热棚倾角优选

选取太阳能烟囱发电系统集热特性为研究对象,针对太阳能烟囱发电系统在不同集热棚倾角的集热特性进行试验测试。对不同集热棚倾角下蓄热层温度场及集热棚内竖直平面温度场的分布特性参数进行计算分析。通过对呼和浩特地区太阳能烟囱集热棚倾角为0°~40°分别进行比较分析结果表明:在呼和浩特地区10°集热棚倾角在春夏秋季不同太阳辐照强度GHI(global horizontal irradiance)下,蓄热层温度场温度存在最大值且均匀性最佳;竖直平面温度场温度分布最佳;竖直平面内Gr数最大。得出在10°集热棚倾角下太阳能烟囱集热棚内各项集热性能具有最优值。此试验研究为在呼和浩特地区实现太阳能烟囱搭建提供技术支撑。     

Microbial CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> assimilation is not limited by the decrease in autotrophic bacterial abundance and diversity in eroded watershed

The impacts of soil erosion on soil structure, nutrient, and microflora have been extensively studied but little is known about the responses of autotrophic bacterial community and associated carbon (C)-fixing potential to soil erosion. In this study, three abandoned croplands (ES1, ES2, and ES3) and three check dams (DS1, DS2, and DS3) in the Qiaozi watershed of Chinese Loess Plateau were selected as eroding sites and depositional sites, respectively, to evaluate the impacts of soil erosion on autotrophic bacterial community and associated C-fixing potential. Lower abundance and diversity of autotrophic bacteria were observed in nutrient-poor depositional sites compared with nutrient-rich eroding sites. However, the relative abundances of obligate autotrophic bacteria, such as Thiobacillus and Synechococcus, were significantly enhanced in depositional sites. Deposition of nutrient-poor soil contributed to the growth of obligate autotrophic bacteria. The maximum microbial C-fixing rate was observed in DS1 site (5.568?±?1.503 Mg C km^?2 year^?1), followed by DS3 site (5.306?±?2.130 Mg C km^?2 year^?1), and the minimum was observed in ES2 site (0.839?±?0.558 Mg C km^?2 year^?1). Soil deposition significantly enhanced microbial C-fixing rate. Assuming a total erosion area of 1.09?×?10⁷ km², microbial C-fixing potential in eroded landscape can range from 0.01 to 0.06 Pg C year^?1. But its effect on the C pool recovery of degraded soil is limited. Dissolved organic C (DOC) was the main explanatory factor for the variation in soil microbial C-fixing rate (72.0%, P?=?0.000).     

嘉峪关市产业用地类型的空间集聚度与空间关联度特征研究

为探究产业集聚形成与产业协同发展的机制,该研究以嘉峪关市为例,构建产业空间集聚的单指标评价体系,结合邻域丰度因子和地类交互因子建立产业空间关联的评价方法,利用基于产业的土地利用功能分类数据,计算研究区各产业的空间集聚度和不同产业间的空间关联度,分析各产业的空间集聚水平及产业间的空间关联程度。结果表明:1)主要分布在北部小范围的第一产业用地空间集聚度整体偏低,第二产业集聚度总体偏高,产业发展聚集在北部或东部地区,第三产业聚集度也相对较高,相比第二产业分布更松散;2)制造业聚集度最高,分别在8%～20%与46%～64%之间形成2条不同宽度的密集带,东部地区聚集效应已经初步形成,交运仓储和邮电信息业的斑块集聚度在15%～23%之间形成特别密集的分布带,产业用地尤其是交通运输业占地面积较大,但空间分布相对松散;3)第一产业用地因地处城区和近郊面积较小,与其他产业空间相关性低,第二产业用地对第三产业用地以及居住用地表现出排斥作用;4)采掘、冶炼与加工业和制造业都与公共资源生产供应与管理用地关联度均大于1,交运仓储和邮电信息业、商业服务业和公共管理与公共服务业与居住用地关联度都偏高,且三者互相也具有一定的关联度,说明人群的聚集与局部流动带动服务业的发展。空间集聚度和空间关联度较好地呈现产业集聚水平、表达产业间关联关系。     

抱歉，没有找到docx的文件

综述了硫堇作为敏化剂,在染料敏化太阳能电池中的研究进展。重点介绍了硫堇-Fe光电池体系,以及影响其输出性能的各因素,如电极材料,电解质浓度,pH,表面活性剂等。对于一些其他体系,如硫堇-EDTA,硫堇-氢醌光电池体系也进行了简要介绍。综合各体系的光电转换性能,指出了目前这类体系还存在的问题,并提出了部分解决设想。     

1978―2016年河南省棉花生产回顾与分析

叙述了河南省棉花生产发展简史,着重回顾1978年以来河南棉花生产发展历程。比较了不同年份河南棉花种植面积、皮棉单产、皮棉总产等变化,总结了不同年代河南棉花生产特点与波动规律,分析了棉花生产下滑的主要因素。并提出了实现河南省棉花生产复兴的生产技术建议。     

论宝庆竹刻的承传与创新

宝庆竹刻在我国有着丰厚的历史源流,被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录。在长期的传承和发展中,宝庆竹刻在技法上不断创新,融合多种艺术形式,向多元化发展,成为集观赏与实用于一体的艺术品;在题材与形式上融入现代元素,走进现代生活,并形成多种门派风格。然而,宝庆竹刻的持续发展也存在着一些制约因素,体现在生产规模小、生产效率低、劳动力成本高、产品缺乏市场竞争力等方面。为此,文章提出加强基础研究、促进竹刻作坊间学术交流、建立宝庆竹刻创意产业链等建议。