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Andrea Maxia Maria Cristina Lancioni Alessandra Nicoletta Balia Raffaella Alborghetti Andrea Pieroni Maria Cecilia Loi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(6):911-924
A medico-ethnobotanical study was conducted among the Tabarkin communities living in Calasetta and Carloforte, in south-western
Sardinia. These communities represent a Ligurian minority who have resided in Sardinia since their forebears migrated from
Tabarka in Tunisia in the second half of the 18th Century, having previously migrated to Tabarka from Genoa in 1544. In this
study, we conducted more than 200 interviews and recorded 53 botanical taxa and 72 folk pharmaceutical preparations, which
represent the folk medicine of the Tabarkins. The folk phytotherapy of the Tabarkins living in Calasetta and Carloforte is
quite restricted compared with other folk phytotherapy recorded in similar recent ethnobotanical studies conducted in Sardinia.
This could indicate that there has been a remarkable erosion of Traditional Knowledge (TK) within these two communities. Of
particular interest are a few local medical uses we recorded that have never or only very rarely been documented in Italy;
namely the use of Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter as an anti-haemorrhoidal, of Centaurea calcitrapa L. as a remedy for malaria, of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. in ophthalmic treatments, and of Urtica dioica L. as an antiviral in cases of German measles. Most of the botanical species quoted in this research are referred to in the
two centres using a local Ligurian idiom. Most of the medico-botanical uses we recorded are very similar to those collected in other ethnobotanical surveys carried out in Liguria and south-western
Sardinia. Because there was no evidence in this research of any substantial ethnobotanical traces related to the communities’
North-African experience, it would appear that the Tabarkins have readily adopted their host culture’s use of medicinal plants
and have retained their own traditional cognitive concepts and knowledge of the natural plant world through the language only. 相似文献
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Anna Arnoldi Eliseo Betto Nicoletta Bizzozero Gandolfina Farina Attilio Formigoni Remo Galli 《Pest management science》1983,14(2):191-198
Twenty-three acetylenic or halovinyl carbonyl compounds with heterocyclic substituents were synthesised and tested in vivo against eight phytopathogenic fungi of different taxonomic classes. Some of them were fungicidal against Uromyces appendiculatus on Phaseolus vulgaris, though none showed a wide spectrum of activity. 相似文献
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Nicoletta Ferradini F. Famiani P. Proietti F. Stanica 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):859-865
SummaryThe effects of different BA and IBA concentrations and dark/light combinations, applied during both the last proliferating subculture (LPS) and the regeneration phase (RP), on shoot regeneration from leaves were evaluated in M.26 apple rootstock. A positive influence on caulogenesis was found with a low cytokinin/auxin ratio in the medium during the LPS. The increase in IBA concentration from 0.49 μM to 4.92 μM in the LPS, along with the absence or the use of a low cytokinin concentration (0.89 μM) in the medium, enhanced the subsequent shoot regeneration from leaves. During the RP, a concentration of 22.2 μM BA gave the best caulogenesis results. During both the LPS and the RP, high IBA concentrations were able to replace the combined effect of a low IBA concentration and dark treatment; this could indicate that dark treatments interact with the auxin metabolism in the leaf caulogenesis response. Auxin application could not reproduce all the effects of dark treatments, suggesting that dark also affects other biochemical and/or physiological aspects, such as gibberellin metabolism. Moreover, cytokinins applied during both the LPS and the RP influenced the size of regenerated shoots. 相似文献
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Many varieties of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) show resistance to herbicides; while this ability was frequently attributed to alterations in the target sites of the herbicide's action of the plant or to an efficient oxidative metabolism, little attention has been paid to glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which are a family of detoxifying enzymes involved in the inactivation of many toxic compounds. To investigate the role of GSTs, seedlings of Italian ryegrass were treated with four herbicides (atrazine, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fluorodifen, metolachlor) and a safener (fenchlorazol-ethyl). All the treatments were well tolerated by the plant, with very low decreases in terms of fresh weight and length of shoots. Regarding GST activity, the chemicals generally determined significant increases in the above enzyme activity toward the model-substrate CDNB. Therefore, the herbicides most GST inducing and the safener were tested themselves as enzyme substrates: constitutive GST activities toward atrazine, fluorodifen and fenchlorazol-ethyl were found, and, in addition, these activities were significantly induced by the safener. Following these results, a HPLC procedure was standardized in order to investigate the persistence of atrazine and fluorodifen in the seedlings of Italian ryegrass and the effect on this of the safener. It was found that the residual amounts of the two herbicides in the shoots were significantly reduced following the safener treatments. 相似文献
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Petronio Bianca Maria Cardellicchio Nicola Calace Nicoletta Pietroletti Marco Pietrantonio Massimiliana Caliandro Lucia 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):863-875
The Mar Piccolo (surface area of 20.72 km2) is located in the Northern area of the Taranto town (Ionian Sea, Italy). It is an inner, semi-enclosed basin with lagoon
features connected with the Mar Grande through two channels which are very important for water exchange. Mar Piccolo basin
is subjected to urbanization, industry, agriculture, aquaculture and commercial fishing. Hence, it is important to have a
temporal picture both of heavy metal content and of organic carbon and their distribution (hydrophobic fraction, hydrophilic
fraction, humic compounds) to check the progress of pollution in time. Three sediment cores collected on the basis of the
pollution sources have been analyzed. Both heavy metal and organic carbon concentrations underline the fact that the anthropogenic
input is different in the three sites, and that in time the amount of pollutants coming into the Mar Piccolo have changed
in different ways. The high amount of organic hydrophilic compounds present in sediments, both due to the small water depth
and to the high accumulation rate, make the sediment site high in oxygen consumption due to a considerable chemical and biochemical
transformations of organic matter. 相似文献
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Tsai HH Li H Fuentealba LC Molofsky AV Taveira-Marques R Zhuang H Tenney A Murnen AT Fancy SP Merkle F Kessaris N Alvarez-Buylla A Richardson WD Rowitch DH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6092):358-362
Astrocytes, the most abundant cell population in the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for normal neurological function. We show that astrocytes are allocated to spatial domains in mouse spinal cord and brain in accordance with their embryonic sites of origin in the ventricular zone. These domains remain stable throughout life without evidence of secondary tangential migration, even after acute CNS injury. Domain-specific depletion of astrocytes in ventral spinal cord resulted in abnormal motor neuron synaptogenesis, which was not rescued by immigration of astrocytes from adjoining regions. Our findings demonstrate that region-restricted astrocyte allocation is a general CNS phenomenon and reveal intrinsic limitations of the astroglial response to injury. 相似文献
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Bertelli AA Migliori M Filippi C Gagliano N Donetti E Panichi V Scalori V Colombo R Mannari C Tillement JP Giovannini L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6924-6929
Ochratoxin A (OTA), is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin present in wine, which is nephrotoxic in humans. Our working hypothesis is that natural substances in wine may counteract OTA toxicity. Thirty-six rats were randomized to OTA dissolved in saline, red wine, or 13.5% ethanol or to OTA-free wine, ethanol, or saline. OTA (289 microg/kg of body weight/48 h) was administered by gastric gavage for 2 weeks. Serum creatinine, tubular enzymuria, renal lipohydroperoxides (LOOH), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and renal superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were determined in renal tissue. OTA alone produced significant increases in renal lipoperoxides and significant decreases in SOD and GSH/GSSG ratio. In red wine or ethanol, OTA was less nephrotoxic, reducing oxidative damage as revealed by LOOH. In OTA-wine and OTA-ethanol groups, SOD activity was higher than in the OTA-treated one, suggesting that both ethanol and nonalcoholic fractions may preserve antioxidant reserve. GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly preserved only in the OTA-wine group and not in OTA-ethanol. Red wine may exert a protective effect against OTA nephrotoxicity by limiting oxidative damage. The ostensible protection afforded by ethanol deserves further investigation. 相似文献
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Salvatore S Pellegrini N Brenna OV Del Rio D Frasca G Brighenti F Tumino R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9465-9471
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that many antioxidants and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet may protect against cancers and cardiovascular disease. Common fruits and vegetables are good sources of antioxidants, although in some Mediterranean areas traditional wild greens are responsible for a significant percentage of total dietary antioxidant intake. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort of Ragusa (Sicily), a high number of subjects were found to frequently eat wild greens, including Sinapis incana and Sinapis nigra, Diplotaxis erucoides, Cichorium intybus, Asparagus acutifolius, and Borrago officinalis. On the basis of these observations, detailed characterization of single antioxidant components (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and ascorbic acid) and the TAC of these edible wild traditional plants was performed. The wild plants examined were found to be very rich in antioxidants, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, with high TAC values, suggesting that the importance of these vegetables, not only in the traditional but even in the contemporary diet, needs to be emphasized. 相似文献