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Backes H Neubauer FM Dougherty MK Achilleos N André N Arridge CS Bertucci C Jones GH Khurana KK Russell CT Wennmacher A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5724):992-995
The magnetic field signature obtained by Cassini during its first close encounter with Titan on 26 October 2004 is presented and explained in terms of an advanced model. Titan was inside the saturnian magnetosphere. A magnetic field minimum before closest approach marked Cassini's entry into the magnetic ionopause layer. Cassini then left the northern and entered the southern magnetic tail lobe. The magnetic field before and after the encounter was approximately constant for approximately 20 Titan radii, but the field orientation changed exactly at the location of Titan's orbit. No evidence of an internal magnetic field at Titan was detected. 相似文献
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525.
Nicolas Reynier Jean-François Blais Guy Mercier Simon Besner 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(7):1189-1200
Purpose
In this study, a soil-washing process was investigated for arsenic (As) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal from polluted soils. This research first evaluates the use of chemical reagents (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, lactic acid, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, and ethanol) for the leaching of As and PCP from polluted soils.Materials and methods
A Box–Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the main operating parameters for soil washing. A laboratory-scale leaching process was applied to treat four soils polluted with both organic ([PCP] i ?=?2.5–30 mg kg?1) and inorganic ([As] i ?=?50–250 mg kg?1, [Cr] i ?=?35–220 mg kg?1, and [Cu] i ?=?80–350 mg kg?1) compounds.Results and discussion
Removals of 72–89, 43–62, 52–68, and 64–98 % were obtained for As, Cr, Cu, and PCP, respectively, using the optimized operating conditions ([NaOH]?=?1 N, [cocamidopropylbetaine] i ?=?2 % w w?1, t?=?2 h, T?=?80 °C, and PD?=?10 %).Conclusions
The use of NaOH, in combination with the surfactant, is efficient in reducing both organic and inorganic pollutants from soils with different levels of contamination. 相似文献526.
Dioumacor Fall Diegane Diouf Marc Neyra Omar Diouf Nicolas Diallo 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1122-1136
In this study, the first experiment analyzed the effects of 0, 85, 171, 256, and 342 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) on the germination of Acacia seyal seeds. In the second in vitro experiment, the effects of inoculation with two rhizobial strains on growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of A. seyal seedlings was evaluated at four levels (0, 85, 171, and 256 mM) of NaCl. Results showed that at 342 mM NaCl, germination rate of A. seyal seeds declined by 56% from the control value, while any germination was recorded for Acacia bivenosa and Acacia sclerosperma seeds at the same salt level. Salt stress gradually decreased the growth, the soluble protein and the leaf-chlorophyll contents of A. seyal seedlings. However, rhizobial inoculation limits these adverse effects of salt on physiological and metabolic processes responses. A. seyal exhibited a moderate halophytic behavior; nodulation was enhanced by moderate salt stress. 相似文献
527.
A. Leonforte J. W. Forster R. J. Redden M. E. Nicolas P. A. Salisbury 《Euphytica》2013,189(2):203-216
This study was aimed at identification of parental germplasm that could be used for improvement of tolerance to sodium chloride (NaCl) in field pea. An initial screening experiment of 780 globally-distributed Pisum L. accessions identified significant variation in response to applied NaCl, based on plant symptoms. Lines with relatively higher tolerance as compared to commercial varieties grown in Australia were most frequently identified within landraces originating from the central, eastern and southern provinces of China. The most tolerant identified accession was an unadapted landrace ??ATC1836?? originating from Greece. Variation for salinity tolerance was validated using a sub-set of 70 accession lines. Salinity-induced toxicity symptoms were closely associated with reductions of plant growth rate, height, shoot and root dry matter and with increased concentration of Na+ at the plant growing tip. The level of salinity tolerance based on these factors varied substantially and provides an important basis for genetic improvement of field pea for Australia. 相似文献
528.
Florence Maunoury-Danger Nicolas Chemidlin Prevost Boure Jérôme Ngao Daniel Berveiller Claude Brechet Eric Dufrene Daniel Epron Jean-Christophe Lata Bernard Longdoz Caroline Lelarge-Trouverie Jean-Yves Pontailler Kamel Soudani Claire Damesin 《Annals of Forest Science》2013,70(2):173-183
? Context
The carbon isotope composition of the CO2 efflux (δ13CE) from ecosystem components is widely used to investigate carbon cycles and budgets at different ecosystem scales. δ13CE, was considered constant but is now known to vary along seasons. The seasonal variations have rarely been compared among different ecosystem components.? Aims
We aimed to characterise simultaneously the seasonal dynamics of δ13CE in different compartments of two temperate broadleaved forest ecosystems.? Methods
Using manual chambers and isotope ratio mass spectrometry, we recorded simultaneously δ13CE and δ13C of organic matter in sun leaves, current-year twigs, trunk bases and soil in an oak and a beech forest during 1 year.? Results
In the two forests, δ13CE displayed a larger variability in the tree components than in the soil. During the leafy period, a pronounced vertical zonation of δ13CE was observed between the top (sun leaves and twigs with higher values) and bottom (trunk and soil with lower values) of the ecosystem. No correlation was found between δ13CE and δ13C of organic matter. Causes for these seasonal variations and the vertical zonation in isotope signature are discussed.? Conclusion
Our study shows clear differences in values as well as seasonal dynamics of δ13CE among different components in the two ecosystems. The temporal and local variation of δ13CE cannot be inferred from organic matter signature or CO2 emission rates. 相似文献529.
Agustín Lpez Jose I Arroquy Olegario Hernndez Jose A Nasca Ana V Jurez Sequeira Nicolas DiLorenzo Roberto A Distel 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)
Adequate drinking water is essential to maintain acceptable production levels in beef cattle operations. In the context of global climate change, the water scarcity forecasted for the future is a growing concern and it would determine an increase in the use of poorer quality water by the agricultural sector in many parts of the world. However, consumption of high-salt water by cattle has consequences often overlooked. A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the impact of utilizing high-salt water on dry matter (DMI) and water intake (WI), and performance in beef cattle. The dataset was collected from 25 studies, which were conducted between 1960 and 2020. Within the dataset, the water quality was divided into three categories according to the ratio of sulfates (SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl) to total dissolved solids (TDS): 1) TDS = all studies included (average SO4:TDS = 0.4); 2) NaCl = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by NaCl (average SO4:TDS = 0.1); and 3) SO4 = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by SO4 (average SO4:TDS = 0.8). Results showed that DMI and WI were negatively affected by high-salt water consumption, although the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the type of salt dissolved in the water. There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) for the WI vs. TDS, WI vs. NaCl, DMI vs. TDS, and DMI vs. NaCl, and a linear effect (P < 0.01) for WI vs. SO4 and WI vs. SO4. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were quadratically (P < 0.01) affected by high-salt water, respectively. This study revealed significant negative effects of high-salt water drinking on beef cattle WI, DMI, and performance. However, the negative effects are exacerbated when cattle drink high-sulfate water when compared with high-chloride water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to evaluate animal response to high-salt water consumption and could be included in the development of future beef cattle models to account for the impact of water quality on intake and performance. In addition, this meta-analysis highlights the need for research on management strategies to mitigate the negative effects of high-salt water in cattle. 相似文献