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101.
Livia Benato Nicola J. Rooney Jo C. Murrell 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(2):151-162
Objective
To provide an overview of pain and analgesia in rabbits with the aim of developing a more accurate understanding of these topics. To illustrate and discuss the areas that have advanced in recent years and those that still require further research.Databases used
Three key subject resources were used: Web of Science, Medline and CAB Abstracts. Search terms were rabbits, lagomorphs, laboratory animals, pet, pain, surgical procedures, ovariohysterectomy, orchiectomy, castration, analgesia, opioids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. References from books and articles relevant to the topics were also included.Conclusions
Rabbit medicine has improved over the last 20 years, but the literature suggests that pain management in this species is still inadequate and veterinary professionals believe their knowledge of pain and analgesia in this species is limited. Assessment and quantification of pain in rabbits can be challenging in a clinical environment not only because, as a prey species, rabbits tend to hide signs of pain but also because there are no validated methods to assess pain, except the Rabbit Grimace Scale, which is based on only one rabbit breed.Current consensus is that perioperative multimodal analgesia is the best practice. However, it is not widely used in rabbits. In rabbits, analgesia protocols and dosages reported in the literature are often poorly researched and do not result in complete pain amelioration with the return of normal. The present literature on rabbit pain and analgesia presents gaps either due to unexplored areas or insufficient findings. Further research should focus on these areas with the aim of improving the welfare of rabbits within a veterinary clinic. 相似文献102.
Enrico Giacomini Nicola Ferrari Alessandra Pitozzi Michela Remistani Daniele Giardiello Dominiek Maes Giovanni Loris Alborali 《Veterinary research communications》2016,40(2):81-88
In this study, we investigated the dynamics of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in 66 pig farms, with different production systems (one-, two-, and three-site systems), and considered different risk factors. Serological assay was used to detect serum antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) was performed to detect M. hyopneumoniae DNA in tracheobronchial swabs. Results demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae infection status was predominantly influenced by the age of the animals and the type of production system. Infection rates were higher in older animals and the prevalence was higher in the one- and two-site systems than in the three-site systems. Dynamics of infection by RT-PCR showed that earlier M. hyopneumoniae infection on one-site farms occurs earlier, while on two- and three-site farms occurs later but spreads faster, suggesting that contact between animals of different age favors the transmission. 相似文献
103.
Starch structure and functionality have a significant impact on the utilization of cereal grains as food and feed. Starch
viscosity characteristics are used to characterize rice cooking, processing and eating quality. In order to examine the genetics
of viscosity characteristics, we developed molecular markers for five of the major enzymes involved in starch synthesis in
the endosperm: granule bound starch synthase, soluble starch synthase, rice branching enzymes 1 and 3 and starch debranching
enzyme. These markers were polymorphic in a cross between specialty rice varieties of diverging amylose content and viscosity
characteristics. Our results indicate that the Waxy locus, encoding the gene for granule bound starch synthase, has a significant effect on peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity,
cool paste viscosity, breakdown and setback viscosity. We estimate that the tightly linked (5–10 cm)locus for starch synthase
may have a lesser, additive effect.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
104.
The USLE is used world-wide to predict soil loss on the field scale from sheet and rill erosion. The slope length (L) factor is derived as its topographical factor. The accuracy of L factor determines the precision of soil loss estimation with USLE. Uncertainties on L factor are caused by DEM resolution and the choice of the processing algorithm. In the present study we made two comparisons to evaluate the effects of DEM horizontal resolution and processing algorithm on the accuracy of the L factor in gently sloped landscapes: one is between the grid cumulating method (GC) and the contributing area method (CA) using D8 flow-routing algorithm, the other is among single (D8, Rho8) and multiple (FD8, FRho8 and DEMON) flow-routing algorithms for processing the contributing area method. In two comparisons, 5 m, 10 m, 25 m, 50 m and 100 m DEM of a 0.88 km2 catchment in the lowland of Northern Germany were applied. The results indicate that L factor calculated with any of the six methods is sensitive to horizontal resolution, which strongly affects the accuracy. With decreasing resolution, correlations of LCA_Rho8 and LCA_D8, LCA_FD8 and LCA_D8, LCA_FD8 and LCA_Rho8 increase while those between DEMON and the other flow-routing algorithms do not change significantly. With decreasing resolution, the difference between LGC_D8 and LCA_D8 is enlarged, while differences between any two flow algorithms using CA did not change significantly. The L factor variation between any two methods is larger on the upslope than the flat valley for the 5 m and 10 m DEM while terrain characteristics are not visible on the 25 m, 50 m and 100 m DEM. The L factor also depends on the computation method. LGC_D8 is approximately half of LCA. It is concluded that DEM horizontal resolution is very important for L factor calculation. The most suitable calculation method is LGC_D8 for gently rolling landscapes. This study can be used for selecting a suitable method and DEM resolution for accurate calculation of L factor and soil loss in gently rolling landscapes. 相似文献
105.
Nicola Gladden Hayley Haining Livia Henderson Francesco Marchesi Libby Graham Michael McDonald Fraser. R. Murdoch Anna Bruguera Sala Jayne Orr Kathryn Ellis 《Irish veterinary journal》2015,69(1):1
Background and case presentation
A three year old, second lactation Holstein dairy cow presented to the Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety, Glasgow University Veterinary School in November 2014 with a history of post-calving vulval/vaginal bleeding nine days prior to presentation, followed by a sudden reduction in milk yield. Subsequent investigations resulted in a diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia secondary to infection with Mycoplasma wenyonii.Conclusion
This report of a novel presentation of Mycoplasma wenyonii in a dairy cow illustrates the need to consider M.wenyonii as a potential differential diagnosis when a cow presents with anaemia and will discuss the potential implications of the condition at herd-level.106.
107.
Ascorbic acid concentration in Cv. conference pears during fruit development and postharvest storage
Franck C Baetens M Lammertyn J Verboven P Davey MW Nicolaï BM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(16):4757-4763
L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) concentration changes during the development of cv. Conference pears and the influence of postharvest handlings (gas condition, cooling rate, cooling duration) on L-AA breakdown were studied. L-AA concentration fluctuates in young fruits, remains stable during fruit maturation, and starts to decline 1 week before commercial harvest. The most rapid decrease in L-AA concentration was found during immediate controlled atmosphere. During short-term storage, only the gas condition was found to influence L-AA breakdown; no significant difference between gradually or immediately cooled pears was determined. Under air conditions, both cooling strategies did not differ from the L-AA breakdown in pears allowed to ripen on the tree up until 3 weeks after the optimal harvest date. During long-term storage, the cooling duration (1-3 weeks) had no effect whereas both O2 and CO2 had a significant effect on L-AA retention. After 7 months of storage, no difference was found in dehydroascorbic acid concentration; the L-AA and total L-AA concentrations, in contrast, were significantly lower in the 5% CO2 conditions. 相似文献
108.
109.
Mundy NI Badcock NS Hart T Scribner K Janssen K Nadeau NJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5665):1870-1873
A key question in evolutionary genetics is whether shared genetic mechanisms underlie the independent evolution of similar phenotypes across phylogenetically divergent lineages. Here we show that in two classic examples of melanic plumage polymorphisms in birds, lesser snow geese (Anser c. caerulescens) and arctic skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus), melanism is perfectly associated with variation in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene. In both species, the degree of melanism correlates with the number of copies of variant MC1R alleles. Phylogenetic reconstructions of variant MC1R alleles in geese and skuas show that melanism is a derived trait that evolved in the Pleistocene. 相似文献
110.
Decaro N Mari V Lucente MS Sciarretta R Moreno A Armenise C Losurdo M Camero M Lorusso E Cordioli P Buonavoglia C 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,155(2-4):165-171
To date, limited information is available on the ability of 'Hobi'-like pestiviruses (putative bovine viral diarrhoea 3) to infect and cause disease in animal species traditionally affected by pestiviruses. In order to obtain new insights into host range and pathogenic potential of this atypical pestivirus, BVDV-seronegative calves (n=5), lambs (n=5) and piglets (n=5) were experimentally infected with the European 'Hobi'-like strain Italy-1/10-1, whereas two animals per species served as uninfected controls. Appearance of clinical signs, leukopenia, viremia, viral shedding and seroconversion were monitored for 28 days post-infection. Calves and lambs were successfully infected, displaying respiratory signs (nasal discharge), moderate hyperthermia and leukopenia, viremia and viral shedding through the nasal and faecal routes. Antibody responses were observed in both animal species by ELISA and virus neutralisation assays. In contrast, inoculated piglets did not display any clinical signs nor leukopenia and viral RNA was not detected in any biological samples. Nevertheless, the presence of detectable antibodies by virus neutralisation accounted for a successful, albeit limited infection of these animals. 相似文献