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11.
Naoto Yamaoka Takayuki Ohta Naoko Danno Satoshi Taniguchi Isao Matsumoto Masamichi Nishiguchi 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,71(4-6):184-191
When the conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) are inoculated on barley coleoptile cells they produce short germ tubes called primary germ tubes (PGTs) about 2 h after inoculation. We evaluated the positive role of a PGT in inducing accessibility of the host cell under the germ tube. When an appressorium (APP) penetrated the same cell on which a PGT was present, the ratio of haustorium formation (penetration efficiency) was significantly higher than when an APP penetrated the cell adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present. When an APP penetrated the cell laterally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present we killed the cell under the PGT by puncturing it with a microneedle and then investigated the penetration efficiency of the cell adjacent to the dead cell. As a control we killed the cell longitudinally adjacent to the one on which a PGT was present and investigated the penetration efficiency of the laterally adjacent cell. The results showed that the penetration efficiency of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter. This suggests that some accessibility factor might transfer from a cell on which a PGT is present to a laterally adjacent cell. The existence of a conidium body but not a PGT was not effective for induced accessibility of the host cell. Moreover, when a Bgh germling was removed 6 h after inoculation and another germling was transferred to the same cell, the penetration efficiency was significantly higher than that of control. As a control, a Bgh germling was transferred to a cell on which no germling was present. These results suggest that the existence of PGT is effective for induced accessibility of a host cell when penetrated by Bgh. However, it is unclear whether or not a PGT secretes some substance(s) which suppresses the resistance induction of a host cell. 相似文献
12.
Chikaya Sakai Atok Subiakto Hani Sitti Nuroniah Naoto Kamata Koji Nakamura 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(2):73-80
We developed a vegetative propagation system for mass-producing three dipterocarps species,Shorea selanica Bl.,Shorea leprosula Mig., andShorea platyclados Sloot. This system uses fog evaporative cooling inside a greenhouse to reduce the leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (leaf-to-air
VPD) inside the propagator, even under high irradiance conditions. This cooling method has no negative influence on medium
conditions such as overwetting. A plastic tent propagator combined with this cooling method was used for vegetative propagation
experiments. In mass-production experiments, the annual rooting percentages from the cuttings were low in the first 2 years
(1997–1998) due to operational problems of the tent propagator (S. selanica, 48–51%;S. leprosula, 56–59%;S. platyclados: 50–63%). A hard cover propagator improved the rooting percentages in the mass-production experiments in 1999 because it
made operations easier (S. selanica, 70%;S. leprosula, 77%;S. platyclados, 77%). This system, which uses a combination of fog evaporative cooling and a hard plastic propagator, should be useful for
the mass propagation of these dipterocarp planting stocks.
This study was carried out under a joint project of the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia and Komatsu Ltd. The project was supported
by Research Association for Reforestation of Tropical Forest (RETROF) organized by Japanese Forestry Agency. 相似文献
13.
Shigeki Yoshida Atsushi Kuno Naoto Saito Masakazu Aoyama Isao Kusakabe 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(6):457-462
Xylan prepared from culms of kumaizasa (Sasa senanensis Rehd.), a representative species of bamboo grass, was hydrolyzed with-xylanase ofStreptomyces olivaceoviridis E-86. Four arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and two glucuronoxylo-oligosaccharides were isolated from the enzymatic hydrolysate of the xylan by chromatography on a charcoal column, a Dowex 1-x8 column, a Toyo-pearl HW-40S column, and a LiChrospher 100 NH2 column and on preparative paper chromatography. The results of the structural analyses of the saccharides showed that the isolated oligosaccharides had the structures of 32--l-arabinofuranosyl-xylobiose, 32--l-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose, 32--[-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 2)-l-arabinofuranosyl]-xylobiose, 33--[-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 2)-l-arabinofuranosyl]-xylotriose, 23--4-O-methyl-d-glucuronosyl-xylotriose, and 23--d-glucuronosyl-xylotriose. From the structural analysis of the oligosaccharides derived from the xylan, kumaizasa xylan was concluded to be a kind of arabinoglucuronoxylan having not only stubs of singlel-arabinose and singled-glucuronic acid but also stubs of disaccharide units such as-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 2)-l-arabinofuranose. 相似文献
14.
Viskam WIJEWARDANA Kikuya SUGIURA Daluthgamage Patsy H. WIJESEKERA Shingo HATOYA Toshiya NISHIMURA Ryoji KANEGI Takahiro USHIGUSA Toshio INABA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(7):771-775
Previously, we reported that ovarian hormones affect the immune response against
E. coli isolated from the dogs affected with pyometra. In order to
investigate mechanisms underlying the immune modulation, we examined the effects of
ovarian hormones on the generation of dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen
presenting cell. DCs were differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMOs) using a
cytokine cocktail. Both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptors were expressed by the
PBMOs and immature DCs. When various ovarian hormones were added to the culture for the DC
differentiation, progesterone significantly decreased the expression of DC maturation
markers, such as CD1a, CD80 and CD86, on mature DCs. Conversely, the addition of estrogen
to the cultures increased the expression of CD86, but not other maturation makers.
Furthermore, DCs differentiated in the presence of progesterone did not stimulate
allogeneic mononuclear cells in PB. Taken together, these results indicate that
progesterone diminishes the maturation of DCs, leading to decreased immune responses
against invading pathogens. 相似文献
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Effect of temperature and cell density on ethanol fermentation by a thermotolerant
aquatic yeast strain isolated from a hot spring environment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT: A thermotolerant, fermentative yeast strain named RND13 from a hot spring drainage was evaluated for its ethanol-producing ability at elevated temperatures at a high substrate concentration [15% (w/v) glucose] close to the level reflecting industrial practice. The RND13 was capable of utilizing glucose almost completely at 40°C with increasing inoculum size, producing ethanol up to 6.6% (w/v), which is comparable to levels (7.0–7.2%) at 30°C. The maximum rate of ethanol production by the RND13 was found to be 9.0 g/L per h at 40°C in an inoculum sized 5% (w/v). At 43°C, however, the RND13 could not utilize glucose to completion and showed a slight drop in the extent of produced ethanol [6.0% (w/v)]. Thus, the culture at 40°C with a 5% cell inoculum was considered to be the optimal condition for ethanol production at higher temperatures in terms of batch fermentation. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the small-subunit rDNA sequence, the strain was grouped together with both Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces delphensis , which are relatively close to Saccharomyces cerevisiae . 相似文献
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Rabies is an enzootic viral disease widespread throughout the world. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, the annual number of human deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 32,000 in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the partial N gene of rabies viruses in Asia has shown that the viruses are divided into five genogroups, distributed in Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, Malay, and Arctic regions. The genetic relationships among these rabies viruses agree basically with the results of previous studies. Meanwhile, new types of vaccines are being developed by applying gene manipulation techniques to rabies virus in order to overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines. This article reviews the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Asia and progress made in the development of new-generation rabies vaccines with the goal of elimination or control of rabies in Asia. 相似文献