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101.
102.
T. Nakanishi M. Atarashi‐Andoh J. Koarashi Y. Saito‐Kokubu K. Hirai 《European Journal of Soil Science》2012,63(4):495-500
Although considerable research has been conducted on the importance of recent litter compared with older soil organic matter as sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest soils, a more thorough evaluation of this mechanism is necessary. We studied water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC) in a soil profile under a cool‐temperate beech forest by analysing the isotopic composition (13C and 14C) of WEOC and its fractions after separation on a DAX‐8 resin. With depth, WEOC became more enriched in 13C, which reflects the increasing proportion of the hydrophilic, isotopically heavier fraction. The 14C content in WEOC and its fractions decreased with depth, paralleling the 14C trend in soil organic matter (SOM). These results indicate a dynamic equilibrium of WEOC and soil organic carbon. The dominant process maintaining the WEOC pool in the mineral soil appears to be the microbial release of water‐soluble compounds from the SOM, which alters in time‐scales of decades to centuries. 相似文献
103.
Haruhiko Inoue Daichi Mizuno Michiko Takahashi Hiromi Nakanishi Satoshi Mori Naoko K. Nishizawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):1133-1140
We identified four putative AtFRD3-like genes (OsFRDL) in the rice genome that exhibited 39.1 to 56.7% amino acid sequence similarities to Arabidopsis FRD3. Of these, we cloned three OsFRDL genes from a cDNA library prepared from iron-deficient rice roots: OsFRDL1, OsFRDL2, and OsFRDL3. OsFRDL1 was expressed weakly in Fe-sufficient roots, and slight expression was induced in the roots of Fe-deficient plants. OsFRDL2 was expressed constitutively in both roots and leaves, and Fe deficiency reduced its expression in leaves. OsFRDL3 was expressed in leaves, but not in roots; Fe deficiency induced slight expression in leaves. An OsFRDL1-sGFP fusion protein was localized in the plasma membrane in onion epidermal cells. The promoter GUS analysis showed that OsFRDL1 was localized in the cells involved in long-distance transport, in both Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient plants. Furthermore, OsFRDL1 expression was observed during the reproductive stage. These results suggest that OsFRDL1 is a transporter that resides in the plasma membrane of cells involved in long-distant transport. 相似文献
104.
Hiromi Nakanishi Houdo Tanaka Kouki Takeda Keitaro Tanoi Atsushi Hirose Seiji Nagasaka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):801-808
AbstractRadioactivity levels of cesium (Cs)-134 and 137Cs in bamboo [Phyllostachys reticulata (Rupr) K. Koch] sprouts grown from April to June 2011 over a wide area (including Fukushima Prefecture) were elevated (max. 3100 Bq kg?1 fresh weight) after the Tokyo Electric Power Company, Inc. (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant disaster in March 2011. Bamboo sprouts in 2012 also contained high radioactivity levels. Radioactivity imaging analysis of bamboo sprouts harvested in 2012 showed increasing concentration gradients of radioactivity from the lower parts to the top of the sprouts. The peels were individually separated from the sprouts, and the inner edible part (trunk) was cross-sectioned at the internodal sections from the top to the lower parts. Each segmented trunk and its corresponding peel were analyzed for radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and stable cesium (133Cs). The concentrations of 134Cs and 137Cs showed significant increases from the lower part to the top, whereas 133Cs showed an almost constant value in the trunk and peel except in the peel of the top node. We speculated that 134Cs and 137Cs in newly emerging bamboo sprouts in 2012 were translocated mainly from various plant tissues (where the fallout was layered on the bamboo tissues) in older bamboo, while 133Cs was translocated from the soil through the roots of the new bamboo sprouts and was present in the roots and stems. 相似文献
105.
Hideaki Shibata Rieko Urakawa Hiroto Toda Yoshiyuki Inagaki Ryunosuke Tateno Keisuke Koba Asami Nakanishi Karibu Fukuzawa Ayaka Yamasaki 《Journal of Forest Research》2011,16(5):374-385
Net nitrogen transformation was investigated under different climate conditions by soil transplantation and in situ incubation
of forest surface soils using the resin-core method. Selected conditions were considered to reflect those of the natural climate
gradient in the Japanese archipelago. Study sites were established in natural forests in northern Hokkaido (Uryu), northern
Kanto (Kusaki), central Kinki (Kamigamo), and southern Kyushu (Takakuma), representing the northernmost to the southernmost
island regions of Japan. Field experiments comparing soils incubated at “native” and “transplanted” sites were conducted from
June 2008 to May 2009. Net production, accumulation, and leaching of soil ammonium (NH4
+) and nitrate (NO3
−) were measured at each of the sites during the growing season (June–October), the dormant season (November–May), and throughout
the year. Net nitrate production was highest in Kusaki soil, especially during the growing season, whereas net ammonium production
was highest in Uryu soil, the coldest site, especially during the dormant season. Net nitrate production increased significantly
in soils transplanted to a warmer climate during the growing season. However, net ammonium production increased in soils transplanted
to colder climates during the dormant season. These findings indicate that, with the exception of the infertile soil samples
from Kamigamo, the range of natural climates in Japan has a significant effect on nitrogen availability in surface soil. In
addition, the original characteristics of the nitrogen cycle of the surface soil from each native site were retained, even
when marked changes in soil temperature (approximately 8°C) occurred after transplantation. 相似文献
106.
冻拔破坏是季节性冻土地区土中结构常见的破坏形式。为了探明季节性冻土地区土中结构冻拔位移与结构埋深、结构截面形状的关系,利用挤塑保温板加工成长度不等的圆柱体与长方体,埋置于室外冻胀土中,模拟土中结构,开展一个冻融周期的室外自由冻胀试验。观测气温、地温、冻深及土体、圆柱体、长方体的冻拔位移等参数,对比试件的冻胀位移,分析自由冻拔的影响因素。结果表明:当埋深小于临界埋深时,一个冻融周期后2种截面的残余冻胀位移均随埋深增加而快速增大,而当埋深大于临界埋深时,残余冻胀位移随埋深增加无明显变化;埋深相同的长方体与圆柱体的残余冻胀位移相对差均值为10%,考虑到试验过程中其它偶然因素的影响,截面形状对土中结构的自由冻拔无明显影响。 相似文献
107.
Biosynthesis of agr and beta-Ecdysones from Cholesterol outside the Prothoracic Gland in Bombyx mori
Labeling experiments have established that cholesterol is converted into alpha-and beta-ecdysones in isolated abdomens of silkworm larvae. Since the isolated abdomens do not contain the prothoracic glands, a doubt is cast on the long-standing principle in insect endocrinology that the prothoracic glands are the source of ecdysone secretion. 相似文献
108.
Takeshi Takasaki Kazuma Okada Carlos Castillo Yuki Moriya Toshihiro Saito Yutaka Sawamura Naoko Norioka Shigemi Norioka Tetsu Nakanishi 《Euphytica》2004,135(2):157-167
A new S
9-allele was discovered in 6 Japanese pear cultivars, ‘Shinkou’, ‘Shinsei’, ‘Niitaka’, ‘Amanogawa’, ‘Nangetsu’ and ‘Nansui’.
cDNA encoding S
9-RNase, a stylar product of S
9-allele, was cloned from pistils of ‘Shinkou’ and ‘Shinsei’ by 3' and 5' RACE. The S
9-RNase gene had an open reading frame of 684 nucleotides encoding 228 amino acid residues. S
9-RNase had a hypervariable (HV) region different from S
1- to S
8-RNase and shared higher similarity (95.2%) with apple S
3-RNase than with 8 Japanese pear S-RNases (from 61.0% to 70.7%). Genomic PCR with primers ‘FTQQYQ’ and ‘anti-(I/T) IWPNV’ provided S
1- to S
9-amplicon (product), but could not discriminate the S
2 from the S
9 of ca. 1.3 kb. The S
2 and S
9 were distinguished by digestion with AflII and BstBI, respectively. The digestion with nine S-allele-specific restriction endonucleases, SfcI, AflII, PpuMI, NdeI,AlwNI, HincII, AccII, NruI and BstBI, distinguished S
1 to S
9, establishing that this PCR-RFLP system is useful for S-genotype assignments in Japanese pear harboring S
1- to S
9-allele. ‘Shinkou’, ‘Shinsei’, ‘Nangetsu’ and ‘Nansui’ assigned as S
4
S
9 were determined to be cross incompatible.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
109.
Antisense transcription in the mammalian transcriptome 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Katayama S Tomaru Y Kasukawa T Waki K Nakanishi M Nakamura M Nishida H Yap CC Suzuki M Kawai J Suzuki H Carninci P Hayashizaki Y Wells C Frith M Ravasi T Pang KC Hallinan J Mattick J Hume DA Lipovich L Batalov S Engström PG Mizuno Y Faghihi MA Sandelin A Chalk AM Mottagui-Tabar S Liang Z Lenhard B Wahlestedt C;RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group;Genome Science Group 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5740):1564-1566
110.
Shohei Ogawa Takamitsu Tsukahara Takeshi Tsuruta Ryoichiro Nishibayashi Mie Okutani Masako Nakatani Kaya Higashide Shiori Iida Nobuo Nakanishi Kazunari Ushida Ryo Inoue 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(6):678-682
Among domestic animals, teat order is only observed in the pig. In order to achieve the healthy growth and weaning of piglets, it is important to elucidate if volume of colostrum secretion and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG concentrations differ among the teats of a sow. Nine sows were used to evaluate the difference in colostrum secretion volume (CSV) and four of these sows were assessed for IgA and IgG concentrations from each teat. Samples were collected five times during 21 h following parturition. Teats were assigned anatomical locations of teat (1 to 7) from anterior to posterior. The CSV of anterior (locations 1 and 2) and middle teats (locations 3–5) was significantly higher than those of posterior teats (locations 6 and 7) throughout the experiment except for 18 h post‐parturition (P < 0.05). The CSV of the teats at location 1 was significantly higher at most collection times than those at locations 6 and 7. A positive correlation of CSV was observed with IgA and IgG concentrations from 12 h and 6 h post‐parturition, respectively (P < 0.05). The results suggest that anterior teats secrete greater volumes of colostrum and that these tend to contain higher IgA and IgG than posteriors teats. 相似文献