黄河未来输沙量态势及其适用性对策

[目的] 探索黄河输沙预测的新思路,预估黄河未来输沙态势与输沙量水平,为黄河流域生态治理规划提供参考。[方法] 结合黄河流域水土保持生态修复现状,采用单累积曲线法、滑动平均及频率分析方法,分析1950—2019年黄河主要来沙区间的实测输沙量变化特征及其未来态势。[结果] 1950—2019年黄河输沙量呈现阶梯式减少。1950—2019年黄河中游各站累积实测输沙量随时间的变化可用“左半抛物线”表征。黄河输沙量自1997年以来已进入相对稳定态势,目前已达企稳状态;黄河潼关站未来年输沙量在90%频率下为1.00×10⁸ t左右,在10%频率下为5.00×10⁸ t左右,未来多年平均输沙量为1.40×10⁸ t。[结论] 为了维持黄河输沙量低稳状态,提升水土保持措施质量与标准,补齐“后水土保持”短板,构建完善的水沙关系调控体系,维持黄河下游河道冲淤平衡,是黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的保障。     

CeO2添加比例对Fe基催化剂催化纤维素气化制氢的影响

为研究CeO2添加对生物质催化气化制氢特性的影响,该研究采用分级气化系统分析了不同CeO2/Fe2O3比例（Ce∶Fe摩尔比为0∶1、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、1∶0）双金属催化剂对纤维素水蒸气催化重整制氢气体产物产量、组成以及催化剂的结构演变特性的影响。结果表明,CeO2/Fe2O3催化剂在制氢反应中的催化性能明显优于纯CeO2或Fe2O3催化剂,当Ce∶Fe摩尔比为3∶7时,在800℃下氢气的最大产率为21.63 mmol/g（以纤维素计,下同）;当温度大于等于800℃时,催化剂氧化还原反应后可生成CeFeO3,且CeFeO3的存在对纤维素水蒸气气化过程有促进作用。CeO2的引入提高了催化剂的氧化性能和稳定性,提高了使用寿命。该研究对生物质气化机制的深入理解具有一定的指导意义。     

无人机在林业灾害监测中的应用

近年来,随着无人机和图像处理等新兴技术的发展,新技术克服了传统林业灾害监测中存在的诸多缺点,具有显著优势。但这些新兴技术尚未出现经典解决方案,在设备选型、数据处理等许多环节仍存在较高的技术门槛。文中通过收集整理国内外相关研究成果,从无人机林业灾害监测技术发展历程、机载传感器选择、图像处理技术流程等方面总结该技术应用关键点,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

Soil water response to precipitation in different microtopographies on the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China

Soil water is an important factor restricting afforestation on the semi-arid Loess Plateau.The microtopography of the loess slope has changed the distribution pattern of soil water on the slope.To improve water utilization efficiency and optimize afforestation configuration patterns,the relationship between soil water and precipitation at micro-topographic scale must be studied.We used time series analysis to study the temporal variation of soil water and its response to precipitation in four kinds of micro-topographies and undisturbed slope on loess slopes.Micro-topographies significantly influenced soil water distribution and dynamics on the slopes.Soil water stored in the platform,sinkhole,and ephemeral gully influenced subsequent soil water for 4 weeks,whereas soil water stored in the scarp and undisturbed slope could influence soil water for 2 weeks.It took 12 weeks,10 weeks,18 weeks,6 weeks,and 12 weeks for precipitation to reach the deeper soil layer in the platform,sinkhole,scarp,ephemeral gully,and undisturbed slope,respectively.These soil water characteristics in different micro-topographies are vital factors that should be taken into consideration when undertaking afforestation on the Loess Plateau.     

马哈利樱桃离体茎尖超低温保存的研究

用玻璃化法超低温保存马哈利樱桃;切取经５℃低温驯化３０d的离体茎尖置于固体培养基 （ＭＳ＋０．７mol/Ｌ蔗糖）预培养２４h,在含１mＬ５０％甘油＋５０％蔗糖的保护液中处理８０min后浸入液氮。２５℃水浴快速化冻２min,然后接种到标准培养基上。２１d后调查,茎尖存活率达８４．６％。     

大兴安岭北部的灰化土

大兴安岭北部,即伊勒呼里山以北的大兴安岭主体部分,大致位于北纬51°20'—53°28',东经121°31'—126°30'之间,是我国的最北端。其地带性土壤类型,过去说法不一,曾有人命名为生草灰化土¹⁾、棕色灰化土、棕色泰加林土²⁾、灰白色森林土(中国科学院内蒙古宁夏综合考察队等,1978)、棕色针叶林土³⁾、漂灰土(中国科学院南京土壤研究所主编,1978)等。     

海南香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布型及理论抽样数确定

香蕉根颈象甲[Cosmopolites sordidus(Gemar)1已在海南香蕉园发生,对香蕉生产造成危害.为了研究香蕉象甲的分布和发生规律、指导田间取样,应用几种聚集度指标的计算公式以及Taylor幂法则、Iwao的m*-m回归分析法,分析和测定了香蕉根颈象甲卵的空间分布格局和田间理论抽样数.结果表明:海南香蕉根颈象甲卵在一定密度下呈聚集分布,空间分布符合负二项分布;聚集度指标,I>0,m*/m>1,C>1,Cα>0;Tavlor幂模型表明香蕉根茎象甲卵在一定密度下的分布为聚集的,而且聚集强度随种群密度的上升而升高:Iwao的m*-m回归模型分析表明,m*和m呈显著相关,香蕉根茎象甲个体间相互吸引,最适抽样数n与卵密度m及相对误差D的关系为:n=1/D2(1.3717/m+0.046 3).     

提高番茄杂交制种质量的技术措施

番茄(Lycopersicon esculentumM ill)由于特定的植物学特征和生理学特性,到目前为止,杂交一代的大规模生产仍然采取人工去雄授粉的方法[1,2]。而人工杂交制种技术性强,影响制种质量的因素很多,如何降低种子成本,提高种子质量,是目前急需解决的问题。提高番茄杂交制种的种子质量     

An Electrospun Scaffold Loaded with an Enteromorpha Polysaccharide for Accelerated Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

The design and development of innovative multifunctional wound dressing materials in engineered biomaterials is essential for promoting tissue repair. In this study, nanofibrous wound dressing materials loaded with anti-inflammatory ingredients were manufactured by a promising electrospinning strategy, and their capability for treating diabetic wounds was also investigated. A scaffold blend consisting of an Enteromorpha polysaccharide and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was fabricated. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the efficacy of PVA/EPP1 fiber. We found that PVA/EPP1 fiber accelerated the repair of a full-thickness skin wound in diabetic mice. The results suggest that this scaffold could effectively shorten the wound healing time by inhibiting inflammatory activity, which makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds caused by diabetes.     

Human and climatic drivers of land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River basin,China

Climate and human activities change spatial and temporal distribution of water and land use. The Tarim River, the largest inland river in China, faced a long-term exploitation of land and water over a rapid economic development. We analyzed land and water use from 1997 to 2019 in Tarim River Basin by Landsat images, and data on hydrology, climate, population, economy and PM_2.5 (air particulate matter ≤2.5 μm). Agricultural land expanded the fastest (4–11%), followed by natural vegetation (15–16%) and water area (4–5%) with population and economic increase. Air quality (PM_2.5 μg m⁻³) improved in upper (62–27) and middle (48–17) reaches. The water area in lower increase 5% because of ecological water delivery since 2000. Land use in the lower reach was dominated by agriculture, where the downstream runoff consumption increased by 6.8 times. The average annual air temperature and precipitation gradually increased by 0.5 °C and 51 mm in source and 0.9 °C and 30 mm in main reaches. The average annual water consumption in upper and middle reaches was 4 × 10⁹ m³, accounting for 87% of input runoff in the main reach. Water consumption in middle reach increased by 33 times in 2009–2017. The industry structure was changing from primary to secondary and tertiary industry. To sum up, implementation of water saving strategies and ecological water delivery restored local ecology. Sustainable strategies should be applied facing industrialization. Furthermore, changing the industry structure and restoring the degraded farmlands to grasslands or forests would keep sustainability of Tarim River Basin.