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Objective: To investigate control options for contagious ecthyma (scabby mouth) in Australian sheep exported live to the Middle East.
Design: Prevalence, vaccination and modelling studies.
Procedure: One hundred and forty weaner sheep (less than 1 year old) on each of 106 farms in Western Australia (WA) and 18 farm groups of adult wethers received at a WA commercial feedlot were examined for lesions of scabby mouth. Sheep on a total of 26 farms in 3 States were divided into treatment and control groups for the vaccination study. A simple deterministic compartmental model was developed to establish which parameters had the greater effect on disease prevalence.
Results: The proportion of farms with evidence of scabby mouth in weaner sheep was 23.6% and, on those farms with the disease, the overall prevalence was 6.1%. At the feedlot, 4 out of 18 farm groups had 5 or more sheep with lesions on arrival. The overall prevalence in the 4 diseased groups was 5.2%. Sheep vaccinated on farm before trucking to the feed-lot had a lower prevalence of scabby mouth at the end of simulated shipping than controls. The main determinant of scabby mouth prevalence was the proportion of sheep immune to the disease.
Conclusion: A program of vaccination for scabby mouth will reduce the prevalence of disease during live export. However, using current technology it is not possible to deliver shipments of sheep to the Middle East that are guaranteed completely free of scabby mouth.  相似文献   
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The postmortem findings in 274 kittens were reviewed. The kittens were grouped by age at death: perinatal (< one day), neonatal (one to 14 days), preweaning (15 to 34 days) and postweaning (35 to 112 days); 203 (74 per cent) of the kittens were postweaning and 38 (14 per cent) were preweaning. Infectious disease was identified in 55 per cent of the kittens, and 71 per cent of the infectious disease was viral and detected significantly more frequently in rescue shelter kittens than in kittens from private homes. Twenty-five per cent of all kitten mortality was due to feline parvovirus (FPV). During the neonatal and preweaning periods, the main viral infections were feline herpesvirus and calicivirus. Feline infectious peritonitis caused the death of 17 kittens in the postweaning period. The rescue shelter kittens were significantly younger than the kittens from private homes (median survival 49 and 56 days) and were more likely to have FPV. The non-pedigree kittens were significantly younger than the pedigree kittens (42 v 56 days), and the pedigree kittens were significantly less likely to originate from rescue shelters. There was no significant difference between the age distribution of the male and female kittens. No diagnosis could be found in 33 per cent of the kittens, and this failure was correlated significantly with the submission of tissue samples as opposed to the whole carcase.  相似文献   
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Background

Electrochemical approach to the assessment of acid‐base states should provide a better mechanistic explanation of the metabolic component than methods that consider only pH and carbon dioxide.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Simplified strong ion equation (SSIE), using published dog‐specific values, would predict the measured serum pH of diseased dogs.

Animals

Ten dogs, hospitalized for various reasons.

Methods

Prospective study of a convenience sample of a consecutive series of dogs admitted to the Massey University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (MUVTH), from which serum biochemistry and blood gas analyses were performed at the same time. Serum pH was calculated (Hcal+) using the SSIE, and published values for the concentration and dissociation constant for the nonvolatile weak acids (Atot and K a), and subsequently Hcal+ was compared with the dog''s actual pH (Hmeasured+). To determine the source of discordance between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+, the calculations were repeated using a series of substituted values for Atot and K a.

Results

The Hcal+ did not approximate the Hmeasured+ for any dog (P = 0.499, r 2 = 0.068), and was consistently more basic. Substituted values Atot and K a did not significantly improve the accuracy (r 2 = 0.169 to <0.001). Substituting the effective SID (Atot[HCO3]) produced a strong association between Hcal+ and Hmeasured+ (r 2 = 0.977).

Conclusions and clinical importance

Using the simplified strong ion equation and the published values for Atot and K a does not appear to provide a quantitative explanation for the acid‐base status of dogs. Efficacy of substituting the effective SID in the simplified strong ion equation suggests the error lies in calculating the SID.  相似文献   
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Journal of Pest Science - Argentine stem weevil adults (ASW, Listronotus bonariensis) feed on the leaves of agricultural grasses and their larvae mine the pseudostem, causing extensive damage that...  相似文献   
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Budd-Chiari-like syndrome (BCLS) is a rare clinical entity characterised by portal hypertension and ascites. This report describes a case of BCLS in a cat due to obstruction at the level of the hepatic veins. The diagnosis was based on the clinical findings and a histopathological assessment of the liver demonstrating perivenular fibrosis around the central and sublobular veins. Although these lesions are similar to those observed in man with BCLS, the aetiology in this case remains unknown.  相似文献   
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The bioavailability and disposition kinetics of genistein in cats   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The absorption and disposition kinetics of the soy isoflavone genistein were determined in cats (n = 6). An oral dose of 100 mg/kg was administered, which has previously been demonstrated to be the minimum oral estrogenic dose, and was administered intravenously at a dose of 20 mg/kg, being the largest practical dose that could be safely administered. Plasma free, and total (conjugated + free) genistein concentrations were determined by HPLC following organic extraction. Noncompartmental analysis revealed a half-life of 21.67 +/- 7.9 h (free) and 9.95 +/- 2.7 h (conjugated), volume of distribution 31.94 +/- 10.38 L/kg (free) and 11.82 +/- 3.96 L/kg (conjugated) following intravenous administration. Following oral administration the half-lives were determined to be 17 +/- 4.8 h (free) and 8.56 +/- 4.65 h (conjugated), with tmax = 4.4 +/- 0.6 h (free) and 4.42 +/- 0.99 h (conjugated), and Cmax = 0.276 +/- 0.1 microg/mL (free) and 6.24 +/- 6.58 microg/mL (conjugated). Oral bioavailabilities were 1.379 +/- 0.9% (free) and 29.85 +/- 22.61% (conjugated). The ratio of total:free genistein ranged from 25.9 to 5.5. Poor oral absorption and efficient conjugation explain the low bioavailability of free genistein. Accumulation of genistein in peripheral lipophilic compartments may occur.  相似文献   
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