灰色关联度多维综合评估在玉米杂交种评价中的应用

采用灰色系统理论中的品种灰色关联度多维综合评估分析法,对16个参试杂交种进行了13个主要性状指标的综合分析和评价,排出了各参试品种的优劣,为鉴定和选育玉米新品种提供了依据和方法.     

大麦深加工现状及其发展趋势

大麦是重要的杂粮作物和啤酒酿造原料,同时含有大量的功能性成分,如β葡聚糖、SOD、黄酮类化合物、多酚、膳食纤维、γ-氨基丁酸等生理活性物质.就大麦食品的加工类型以及功能成分提取利用现状进行综述,并对大麦的深加工发展趋势进行展望.     

冀西北地区农业机械化发展状况调查分析

大力发展农业机械化是实现农业现代化的必要手段和必经之路。位于河北省冀西北的张家口地区,地理、气候等自然条件较差,整体经济落后,农机化发展水平比较低。本文就该地区近年来农机化总体作业程度和全市农机具的户平均拥有量的调查做一分析。归纳张家口地区农机化发展的制约因素,并提出快速发展之对策。     

不同矿化度咸水造墒灌溉对棉花生长发育和产量的影响

采用裂区设计, 灌溉量作为主处理, 灌溉水的矿化度作为副处理, 研究了播前不同灌溉量下不同矿化度咸水对棉花生长发育及产量的影响。研究结果表明, 不同矿化度咸水灌溉对棉花出苗时间和出苗率的影响差异较大, 随灌溉水矿化度的增大, 棉花出苗速度变缓, 出苗率降低, 其中4 g·L^-1 以下的咸水灌溉处理棉花出苗率在90%以上, 6 g·L^-1 矿化度处理平均出苗率仍可达85%左右, 但出苗时间推迟。播种前咸水灌溉量以22.5~34.0 mm 为宜。灌溉水矿化度对棉花生长发育的影响程度前期大于后期, 前期大于4 g·L^-1 矿化度处理表现出明显的抑制生长作用, 后期大于6 g·L^-1 矿化度处理才表现出明显的抑制生长作用。从产量上看, 棉花的咸水矿化度计算阈值为3.38 g·L^-1, 即在矿化度小于3.38 g·L^-1 时, 咸水灌溉的棉花产量与淡水灌溉产量差异不明显, 高于此矿化度阈值时, 棉花产量呈直线下降趋势; 但低于8 g·L^-1 咸水灌溉的棉花产量均显著高于纯旱地的棉花产量。     

长期施肥和耕作管理对华北平原土壤肥力的影响

In the North China Plain, fertilizer management and tillage practices have been changing rapidly during the last three decades; however, the influences of long-term fertilizer applications and tillage systems on fertility of salt-affected soils have not been well understood under a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-maize (Zea mays L.) annual double cropping system. A field experiment was established in 1985 on a Cambosol at the Quzhou Experimental Station, China Agricultural University, to investigate the responses of soil fertility to fertilizer and tillage practices. The experiment was established as an orthogonal design with nine treatments of different tillage methods and/or fertilizer applications. In October 2001, composite soil samples were collected from the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers and analyzed for soil fertility indices. The results showed that after 17 years of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer and straw applications, soil organic matter (SOM) in the top layer was increased significantly from 7.00 to 9.30–13.14 g kg-1 in the 0–20 cm layer and from 4.00 to 5.48–7.75 g kg-1 in the 20–40 cm layer. Soil total N (TN) was increased significantly from 0.37 and 0.22 to 0.79–1.11 and 0.61–0.73 g N kg-1 in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers, respectively, with N fertilizer application; however, there was no apparent effect of straw application on TN content. The amounts of soil total P (TP) and rapidly available P (RP) were increased significantly from 0.60 to 0.67–1.31 g kg-1 in the 0–20 cm layer and from 0.52 to 0.60–0.73 g kg-1 in the 20–40 cm layer with P fertilizer application, but were decreased with combined N and P fertilizer applications. The applications of N and P fertilizers significantly increased the crop yields, but decreased the rapidly available potassium (RK) in the soil. Straw return could only meet part of the crop potassium requirements. Our results also suggested that though some soil fertility parameters were maintained or enhanced under the long-term fertilizer and straw applications, careful soil quality monitoring was necessary as other nutrients could be depleted. Spreading straw on soil surface before tillage and leaving straw at soil surface without tillage were two advantageous practices to increase SOM accumulation in the surface layer. Plowing the soil broke aggregates and increased aeration of the soil, which led to enhanced organic matter mineralization.     

欧拉羊在甘南半农半牧区与山谷型藏羊的适应性对比

从甘南州玛曲县河曲马场引进欧拉羊种公羊30只,投放到卓尼县的半农办牧区进行放牧,观察欧拉羊的行为表现、生长发育、生理生化指标、繁殖性能、发病与死亡情况,结果各项指标正常,适应性良好,充分发挥了种公羊的生产性能,且具有杂交改良山谷型藏羊的优势,引种获得成功。     

欧拉型藏羊杂交改良山谷型藏羊F_1代生长发育对比分析

为研究甘南地区欧拉羊杂交改良山谷型藏羊效果,对欧拉羊与山谷型藏羊杂交试验组和山谷型藏羊本交对照组所产后代的初生、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄的体尺、体重进行了跟踪测定,并对不同年龄段杂交后代与对照组后代进行了对比分析和差异显著性检验。结果表明：杂交F1代初生、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄、18月龄的体尺、体重极显著的高于对照组（P〈0.01）,初生、18月龄管围差异显著,3月龄、6月龄、12月龄管围差异不显著（P〉0.05）。     

Context‐dependent responses of food‐hoarding to competitors in Apodemus peninsulae: implications for coexistence among asymmetrical species

Superior species may have distinct advantages over subordinates within asymmetrical interactions among sympatric animals. However, exactly how the subordinate species coexists with superior species is unknown. In the forests west of Beijing City, intense asymmetrical interactions of food competition exist among granivorous rodents (e.g. Apodemus peninsulae, Niviventer confucianus, Sciurotamias davidianus and Tscherskia triton) that have broadly overlapping habitats and diets but have varied body size (range 15–300 g), hoarding habits (scatter vs larder) and/or daily rhythm (diurnal vs nocturnal). The smallest rodent, A. peninsulae, which typically faces high competitive pressure from larger rodents, is an ideal model to explore how subordinate species coexist with superior species. Under semi‐natural enclosure conditions, we tested responses of seed‐hoarding behavior in A. peninsulae to intraspecific and interspecific competitors in the situations of pre‐competition (without competitor), competition (with competitor) and post‐competition (competitor removed). The results showed that for A. peninsulae, the intensity of larder‐hoarding increased and the intensity of scatter‐hoarding declined in the presence of intraspecifics and S. davidianus, whereas A. peninsulae ceased foraging and hoarding in the presence of N. confucianus and T. triton. A. peninsulae reduced intensity of hoarding outside the nest and moved more seeds into the nest for larder‐hoarding under competition from intraspecific individuals and S. davidianus. In most cases, the experimental animals could recover to their original state of pre‐competition when competitors were removed. These results suggest that subordinate species contextually regulate their food‐hoarding strategies according to different competitors, promoting species coexistence among sympatric animals that have asymmetrical food competition.     

数字图书馆自动化体系建设

数字图书馆自动化系统体系是数字图书馆数字化建设、信息管理及网络服务的平台。由于数字图书馆的信息具有多样性、多元化等特点，决定了数字图书馆自动化系统体系由多个系统组成，分别承担数据采集、数据整合、信息管理及网络信息服务等任务，数字图书馆自动化系统的发展方向是以用户为中心的智能化知识系统。     

复方中草药添加剂对芦花鸡生产性能、肉质性状及腿肌H-FABP mRNA表达量的影响

试验旨在探究复方中草药添加剂对芦花鸡生产性能、肉质性状及腿肌H-FABP mRNA表达量的影响。试验采用单因子设计方案,选取1日龄体重相近、健康的芦花鸡作为研究对象,将600只芦花鸡均分为对照组和试验组,每组300只鸡(公母各半),每组4个重复,每个重复75只鸡,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.3%的复方中草药添加剂,预饲期7 d,试验期84 d。结果(与对照组相比)显示:试验组平均日增重提高17.01%(P<0.01),料重比降低25.84%(P<0.01);腿肌剪切力和滴水损失分别降低26.83%(P<0.05)和17.42%(P<0.05),腿肌的肌纤维密度提高27.55%(P<0.05),肌纤维直径降低11.57%(P<0.05);腿肌H-FABP m RNA表达量无显著变化(P>0.05)。研究表明:该复方中草药添加剂可提高芦花鸡的生产性能,还可提高肌肉的嫩度,改善肌肉的品质。