Influence of high molecular weight glutenin subunit substitution on rheological behaviour and bread-baking quality of near-isogenic lines developed from Chinese wheats

Three near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat involving Glu‐B1 and Glu‐D1 alleles were used to study the genetic contribution of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) to gluten strength. The HMW‐GS composition of each NILs was determined by SDS‐PAGE. No significant differences were found in grain protein contents among the NILs. Gluten strength and dough‐mixing properties were measured by the Farinograph, the Extensograph, and SDS‐sedimentation (SDS‐SE). Results indicated that line 2, containing the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10 combination of subunits, had higher values for flour quality, dough rheological parameters, and bread‐baking quality when compared with lines 8 and 13. Line 8, containing Glu‐1B 7 + 9 and Glu‐1D 5 + 10, was better than line 13 with the Glu‐1B 14 + 15 and Glu‐1D 10 combination. Some major parameters appeared significantly different. The presence of Glu‐1B 14 + 15 was associated with higher dough strength based on SDS‐SE volume and several rheological parameters when compared with Glu‐1B 7 + 9. Lines with subunit 10 at Glu‐D1 performed significantly worse than those with 5 + 10 in gluten index, SDS‐SE volume, Farinograph stability time, Extensograph area and bread‐baking quality.     

牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒地方株动物回归试验

【目的】自流产奶牛粪便及血液中分离得到的非细胞病变型牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒(BVDV),为了解分离毒株的特性,进行回归动物试验;【方法】将此分离毒回归2月龄健康犊牛,接毒25天后扑杀剖检,观察临床症状及病理变化。自犊牛体内采取脾、骨髓、肠淋巴结及血液接种MDBK细胞进行培养,分离病毒,进行细胞传代,将此细胞毒进行RT-PCR检测;【结果】犊牛表现为典型的急性病毒性腹泻症状和病变。自病料分离病毒经MDBK细胞盲传至第9代,均未出现细胞病变。将此细胞毒进行RT-PCR检测,扩增出相应的665bp的片段;【结论】将分离株接种易感犊牛以复制出BVD-MD病症,并从试验牛体内分离得到BVDV,从而进一步确证分离到的毒株属BVDV。     

QTLs and candidate genes for chlorate resistance in rice (Oryzasativa L.)

Chlorate resistance is one of the reliable characters in Indica/Japonica classification. To understand the genetic basis of chlorate resistance is very important for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of Indica/Japonica differentiation. In this study, a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17, a typical Indica and Japonica hybrid, was used as the genetic material to investigate chlorate sensitivity of the parents and DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of chlorate resistance were analyzed based on the molecular linkage map of this population. Total of 3 QTLs (qCHR-2, qCHR-8 and qCHR-10) for chlorate resistance were detected on chromosomes 2, 8 and 10, respectively. A QTL × QTL epistatic interaction was detected between qCHR-2 and qCHR-10. Genes involved in nitrogen assimilation, such as nitrate reduction, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and nitrate transport were strong candidates of QTLs for chlorate resistance. A putative nitrate reductase gene (8611.t00011), and two putative nitrate reductase genes (9319.t00010 and 9319.t00012) were in the genomic region of qCHR-2, and qCHR-8, respectively, and a putative nitrate transporter gene (756.t00011) was in the region of qCHR-10. The expression of 8611.t00011, 9319.t00010 and 756.t00011 were confirmed by the corresponding cDNAs, and 2 in/del and 12 SNPs in the coding regions of these three genes were found between Indica (cv. 9311) and Japonica (cv. Nipponbare) in silico. These results indicated that these three genes were candidates of the chlorate resistance QTLs. An in/del in the coding region of 8611.t00011 was used to develop a new PCR marker. A polymorphism was detected between JX17/Nipponbare and ZYQ8/9311. This polymorphism corresponds to the chlorate sensitivity of Nipponbare and 9311. This marker was located between Y8007R and RM250 on chromosome 2 in the DH population, where qCHR-2 was also located.     

一种快速低廉的PCR探针标记方法

【研究目的】探针标记技术是分子生物学和基因工程研究中常用实验技术,需要发展高效、快速、低成本、安全、简捷的DNA探针标记方法;【方法】利用普通的Taq酶进行PCR探针标记,电泳和Southern杂交检测探针标记结果;【结果】电泳检测发现标记产物在电泳时相对非标记的对照表现明显滞后,表明探针标记成功;电泳条带清晰明亮,表明探针标记效率高;Southern杂交条带清晰,说明该方法标记的探针可用于Southern等分子杂交实验;【结论】利用普通的Taq酶进行PCR探针标记,是一种低成本、高效、快速的DNA探针标记方法。     

谷物冷却机在浅圆仓储粮中的应用研究

通过对浅圆仓内储藏的小麦进行谷物冷却机冷却通风处理，实时检测入仓冷空气的温湿度、粮食温度及含水量的变化，探索谷冷机在浅圆仓中应用的可行性和经济性。结果表明通过谷物冷却通风可迅速有效地降低储粮的温度，并减少粮堆内的温差和水分梯度，提高了储粮的安全性和稳定性。     

两种丛枝菌根菌抗旱效应的比较

丛枝菌根可在与植物共生的过程中增加植物对营养元素的吸收, 增加植物的生长量, 提 高植物的抗旱抗涝性。在盆栽条件下, 水分控制在10 %左右时, 接菌的小麦和对照相比降低了 气孔的阻力, 提高了叶片气孔传导力, 蒸腾速率, 有效光合作用和水平利用效率。     

草地螟滞育性的研究

草地螟在我国部分地区有滞育现象.是影响越冬虫源分布和种群数量变动的重要原因之一.1982—1984年观察研究结果,光周期是影响滞育性的决定性条件.其临界光周期为14—15小时,最低临界点13小时,最高临界点16小时,温度是影响年度间滞育量的重要因素.以光周期划分草地螟的滞育区和非滞育区,是掌握虫源基地的重要依据.以滞育区的气温变化,分析幼虫滞育量,对展望种群数量的自然积累或衰落,即种群数量变动规律,具有重要意义.     

乳化剂在食品工业中的应用进展

乳化剂是食品工业中重要的一类食品添加剂,其使用广泛。介绍了食品乳化剂的主要品种、功能及其应用,并探讨了我国食品乳化剂的开发前景。     

番茄果实成熟关键调控因子MADS-RIN的研究进展

果实的成熟过程涉及一系列的生理生化变化,如色素的积累,果实的软化、香气和风味物质的形成等。这一过程在分子层面上受到多基因形成的复杂网络的调控,由许多转录因子单独或协同调控实现。为了清晰表述LeMADS-RIN的研究进展,首先对MADS-RIN做了简要介绍,然后论证了LeMADS-RIN是番茄果实成熟过程中关键调控因子,再对LeMADS-RIN影响果实成熟过程的许多生理生化过程和代谢途径进行了详细的归纳分析,如乙烯的生物合成、糖代谢、脂类代谢、色素形成、细胞壁代谢等。之后对LeMADS-RIN的调控模式的相关研究做了系统的回顾总结,随着RIN调控因子以及调控模式研究的深入,依赖于RIN调控而影响果实成熟的网络得到了进一步完善。笔者通过约60篇文献论证了果实成熟关键调控因子LeMADS-RIN对果实成熟调控的重要意义及相关的研究进展,最后对其研究前景提出了展望。     

甘蓝型油菜DH系在不同生态区SPAD值的差异分析

以甘蓝型油菜纯合双单倍体(DH)为材料,研究不同生态环境下油菜叶绿素SPAD值的变化状况,揭示叶绿素含量遗传表现规律,创制更高叶绿素含量种质资源,以期为油菜高光效育种奠定方法和理论基础。选取了170份甘蓝型油菜DH系,连续3年分别种植在冬油菜区(陕西大荔)和春油菜区(甘肃张掖)。结果表明:无论是不同遗传背景的DH系、还是同一亲本下的不同DH系材料,油菜DH系叶绿素含量在田间既表现出遗传稳定性,又容易受到外界环境影响,即在相似的生态条件下,同一区域即便不同年份的各DH系材料,叶绿素SPAD值的表现基本一致,但在不同生态区,油菜DH系的SPAD值差异很大。通过对油菜DH系亲本和DH系叶绿素SPAD值频数分布分析,叶绿素含量连续3年在2个生态环境具有广泛的连续分布,并且服从正态或者近似于正态分布,以及超亲分离的特点。这些都表明油菜叶绿素含量是一个典型的数量性状,受到多对基因的控制。