青海省海晏县放牧牦牛体重及血清生化指标的全年监测

本试验旨在探明青海省主要牦牛饲养区海晏县牦牛的营养状况,为制定添补措施提供科学依据。于2015-09—2016-08跟踪测定了青海省海晏县牧户草场天然牧草产量以及牦牛干物质采食量、体重和血清生化指标,同时分析平均日增重与血清生化指标的相关性。结果表明:天然牧草可食草产量7月份高于其他月份;春季牦牛干物质采食量显著高于秋、冬季(P0.05),秋季显著低于其他季节(P0.05);1月份、2月份、3月份、10月份、11月份、12月份牦牛平均日增重呈现负增长,4月份后逐渐上升,6月份、7月份显著高于其他月份(P0.05);血清葡萄糖(GLU)的含量7月份显著高于除6月份、10月份外的其他月份(P0.05);2月份、3月份血清尿素氮(UN)含量及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性低于其他月份;由相关性分析可知,平均日增重与血清UN含量呈显著的正相关(P0.05)。综合得出,青海省海晏县10月份至次年3月份为饲草供给不足,牦牛平均日增重呈现负增长,4月份后平均日增重逐渐上升,因此,建议轮牧的放牧形式下,10月份至次年3月份,采用天然草场配合补饲饲料的饲养方式。     

甘南草原生态保护补奖政策实施效果分析

【目的】草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源,在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。分析草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策,对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。【方法】以甘肃省甘南州为例,通过多年统计数据、查阅年鉴和实地调查等方式获得相关资料,对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行分析,从补奖政策草原生产力、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析政策实施前后变化情况。【结果】1)两轮补奖政策实施后,甘南州平均鲜草产量达到6 534.00 kg/hm²,其中,第1轮补奖政策后较补奖前增加17.61%,第2轮较第1轮增加16.28%;2)甘南州畜牧业总产值明显增加,第1轮补奖政策后理论载畜量较补奖前提高30.45%,第2轮较第1轮增加9.32%;3)两轮补奖后甘南州城乡居民人民币储蓄存款第1轮较补奖前增加135.36%,第2轮较第1轮增加33.76%。【结论】依据补奖政策实施过程中存在的问题,提出对策建议：提高禁牧补助和草畜平衡奖励标准、加大草原监管执法工作扶持力度、按照草原退化程度由县(市)政府确定草原禁牧区域和合理禁牧年限。     

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.     

蜜蜂安全与植物源杀虫剂

介绍了植物源杀虫剂对蜜蜂的影响,阐述了植物源杀虫剂的研究与应用现状、对蜜蜂安全的评价标准,以及常见植物源杀虫剂有效成分、防治对象、常用制剂及对蜜蜂的接触毒性和摄入毒性,并对如何避免植物源杀虫剂影响蜜蜂安全提出了合理化建议。     

马立克氏病病毒囊膜糖蛋白Ⅰ的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

提取感染MDV 814A3毒株的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)总基因组,利用PCR技术扩增获得gI基因.将鉴定正确的gI基因克隆至pET-32a(+),构建原核表达载体pET-gI.将诱导表达获得的gI重组蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,产生的抗血清能够与MDV814A3病毒发生特异性反应.本试验所制备的gI重组蛋白和多克隆抗体将在MDV检测、血清学诊断等方面具有重要应用价值.     

围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍性疾病的防治进展

奶牛代谢性疾病给奶牛饲养业造成重大经济损失。因此 ,如何搞好奶牛的饲养管理 ,减少代谢病的发生 ,充分发挥其生产潜力 ,是当前奶牛代谢病防治工作中亟待解决的问题。本文主要阐述了围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍病的危害、病因及防治措施     

猪流行性腹泻病毒研究进展及疫苗应用前景

In recent years, the epidemic intensity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have continuously enlarged,causing a huge economic losses in pig industry. This paper summarizes the research progress on the isolation and identification,variation, molecular biology of PEDV.This paper based on the current immunity results ot the PEDV vaccines, the research and development direction of PEDV production, with a view to the new, more useful product of PEDV.     

4个燕麦品种在黄河滩区生产性能和农艺性状的研究

在河南省黄河滩区土壤和气候条件下,燕麦播种量为225 kg/hm²时,通过对比试验,分别测定五寨、林纳、坝莜3号和加燕4个燕麦品种在不同生长期茎叶比、鲜干比、株高、干草产量等指标,研究不同燕麦品种生产性能和农艺性状的动态变化。结果表明：燕麦4个品种在扬花期茎叶比分别为65.34%、58.18%、70.05%、54.72%,鲜干比分别为3.12、3.17、3.07、3.31;燕麦的生长速度呈现出“低—高—低”的“S”形动态模式,在抽穗—扬花期生长速度最大,盛花期株高达分别到108.58、103.43、100.37、113.42 cm,干草产量分别为549.17、514.74、519.63、531.53 g DM/m²。4个燕麦品种均适合在黄河滩种植和生长,表现出生长快、产量高的特点,其中加燕品种各项性能表现更好。     

茶多酚对高酒糟日粮肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化特性的影响

本研究旨在评估添加茶多酚对高酒糟(distillers dried grain with solubles DDGS)日粮肉鸡生产性能和抗氧化特性的影响。将400只21日龄肉鸡随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复20只。正对照组为玉米-豆粕型日粮,负对照组为玉米-豆粕-DDGS型日粮(15%DDGS),处理组分别在负对照日粮中添加100、300、500 mg/kg茶多酚。结果表明,与正对照组相比,后期日粮中添加15%DDGS对肉鸡生产性能无显著影响(P>0.05),但血液的GSH-Px降低8.31%(P<0.01),胸腿肉T-AOC含量降低,腿肉MDA值显著升高(P<0.05)。添加茶多酚提高了血液的T-AOC和GSH-Px活性(P<0.05)。随着茶多酚添加剂量的升高,T-AOC和GSH-Px有升高的趋势,但各水平组之间差异不显著;茶多酚添加300 mg/kg以上能显著降低胸腿肌MDA值(P<0.05),提高T-AOC含量,改善肉质的抗氧化特性。本研究结果表明,在肉鸡高DDGS日粮中添加茶多酚可以改善肉鸡机体及肉质的抗氧化特性。