茶叶微波固样技术研究

以苹云和福鼎大毫两个品种的一芽二叶为材料,进行微波固样研究,并以蒸青固样进行比较,结果表明：微波固样效果优于蒸青固样;不同茶树品种其主要生化成分及水浸出物等存在不同程度的差异性;不同微波时间对水浸出物、茶多酚、儿茶素总量的影响差异显著,而对氨基酸、总黄酮、可溶性糖和咖啡碱的影响不明显;对苹云来说,微波时间控制在80s时茶多酚、氨基酸、水浸出物、儿茶素总量的保留量最大;福鼎大毫则以微波时间控制在60s时,各生化成分可获得最大保留量。所以,茶叶微波固样时间宜控制在60～80s。     

基于阵列芯片现场高灵敏同步快速检测粮油中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留混合污染

The quality and safety of agricultural products is the technique focus of the strategy of rural vitaliza⁃tion. Carbamate pesticide residues are seriously threatening the safety of agricultural product and human life and health. Nowadays, the common detection methods are instrument-based for carbamate pesticide residue, which dis⁃ satisfy the request of an on-site rapid, sensitive and simultaneous detection for multiple carbamate pesticide resi⁃ dues. Based on the home-made monoclonal antibodies against carbofuran and carbaryl respectivity, a microarray for rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple carbamate pesticide residues was developed within 30 min. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection（LODs）were found to be 0.11 and 0.09 ng/g, while the linear ranges were 0.33-3000 and 0.18-1500 ng/g for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. By using spiked peanut samples, it recorded recoveries of 88.4%-98.3%, 90.1%-118.8% for carbofuran and carbaryl respectively. The RSD of intraarray were found at 9.0%, 3.5%, while the RSD of inter-array were recorded at 12.3%, 16.3% respectively. The de⁃ tection results of the microarray were highly consistent with that of HPLC-MS/MS. This proposed microarray provid⁃ ed an on-site high-sensitivity, simultaneous and rapid detection of carbofuran and carbaryl, and could be widely used in the fields of agricultural product quality safety, food safety and environmental monitoring.     

基于稳定同位素的口虾蛄食性分析

为了探讨口虾蛄的食物组成,利用稳定同位素方法对2015年5月在汕尾红海湾海域采集的口虾蛄及其饵料生物的碳、氮稳定同位素比值(δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值)进行分析,定量研究不同饵料生物在口虾蛄食物中的贡献比率。结果表明,口虾蛄的δ~(13)C值为–18.1‰~–16.3‰,δ~(15)N值为10.9‰~13.5‰,平均值分别为–17.1‰±0.5‰和12.7‰±0.7‰。δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值的变化范围均较大,表明口虾蛄的食物来源较多。口虾蛄的食物主要由鱼类、虾类、贝类、蟹类和桡足类组成。其中,贝类为口虾蛄的主要食物,平均贡献率为38.6%;其次为蟹类和桡足类,平均贡献率分别为22.9%和16.0%;虾类的平均贡献率为13.6%;鱼类的平均贡献率最低,仅为8.9%。根据δ~(15)N值及营养级的计算公式得出,口虾蛄的营养级为3.01±0.22,在其5类食物中,桡足类的营养级最低,仅为1.77±0.12;其次为贝类;蟹类和虾类的营养级分别为2.78±0.21和2.89±0.16;鱼类的最高,为2.98±0.15;它们的营养级均低于口虾蛄。此外相关分析显示,口虾蛄的δ~(15)N值与其个体体质量间存在极显著的正相关关系,说明不同大小的口虾蛄营养级有所差异。     

真蛸人工繁殖及受精卵孵化技术研究初报

真蛸为福建省近年来新兴的海水养殖优良种类,具有较高的营养价值、商品价值和产业化养殖前景。本文报道了福建省水产研究所2008年-2011年真蛸人工繁殖及受精卵孵化结果：127头雌亲蛸经强化培育,共有77头产卵,获卵194×10^4粒,孵出143．4×10^4头浮游幼体。雌亲蛸获产率46．2％～86．7％,卵子受精率75．6％-91．8％,受精卵孵化率77．9％～95．0％。在20．0～22．5℃水温条件下,真蛸受精卵经21～36d开始孵出,孵出后4～6d为孵出高峰,每窝卵开始孵出至孵化结束维持10—16d。     

自然资源视角下的林地界定标准探究 ——以上海市某区为例

系统梳理国内外关于林地界定的标准,重点分析我国目前已发布的林地界定标准《林地分类》(LY/T1812-2009)和《土地利用现状分类》(GB/T21010-2017)的差异。以上海市某区为例,具体分析林地界定差异引起的数据统计及相关管理、审批等方面的问题,结合自然资源统一管控趋势,提出增加复合用地分类,统一具体认定口径,建立分类对照表,明确林地界定的状态等林地界定标准修订及相关管理完善建议。     

腐植酸对水稻产量、品质及土壤特性的影响

在农业生产中,腐植酸具有促进生长、提高肥效、增强抗逆性、改善品质及改良土壤的作用。本文综述了腐植酸对水稻生长发育、产量形成、稻米品质以及土壤特性的影响,展望了腐植酸今后的应用研究,如与化肥适宜的配施比例、施用浓度等,以期为水稻优质、高产、稳产及高效栽培提供依据。     

底栖动物增殖放流生态风险评价

为了评价底栖动物增殖放流过程中存在的生态风险,通过现场调查、已有文献资料分析和专家咨询,建立了以层次分析法为基础的生态风险评价体系。应用该体系对5种增殖放流的底栖动物进行了生态风险评价。研究表明,西施舌、紫海胆、韩国文蛤和泥东风螺为"中"风险等级;波纹巴非蛤为"低"风险等级。本研究可为今后增殖放流过程中的生态风险评价提供参考。     

A comparison of food habits and prey preferences of Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at the southwest Primorskii Krai in Russia and Hunchun in China

A small, isolated Amur tiger population ranges across the southwest Primorskii Krai region in Russia and Hunchun region in China. Many individuals, with “dual nationality,” cross the border frequently. Formulating effective conservation strategies requires a clear understanding of tiger food requirements in both countries. While the diets of tigers ranging in Russia is clearly understood, little is known of the tigers' feeding habits in China.. We used scat analysis combined with data on the abundance of 4 prey species to examine Amur tiger diet and prey preferences in Hunchun. We examined 53 tiger scat samples from 2011 to 2016 and found that tigers preyed on 12 species (11 species in winter), 4 of which were domestic animals with 33.58% biomass contribution; this was the first record of Amur tigers eating lynx in this area. Tigers showed a strong preference for wild boar (Jacobs index: +0.849), which were also the most frequently consumed prey, and a strong avoidance of roe deer (Jacobs index: ?0.693). On the Russian side, domestic animals (just dog) were rarely found in tiger scat, and tigers did not show strong avoidance of roe deer, but of sika deer. We also found red deer footprints during winter surveys and that tigers ate red deer on the Chinese side, while there was no record of red deer feeding on the Russian side. Reducing or eliminating human disturbance, such as grazing, is essential to recovering tiger prey and habitat in this area and the Sino‐Russian joint ungulate annual survey is indispensable for prey estimates of this small, isolated Amur tiger population.     

菲和芘胁迫下AMF和PGPR对高羊茅生理生态的响应

旨在探究菲和芘胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与根围促生细菌(PGPR)对高羊茅生理生态的响应。以菲和芘1∶1混合处理浓度各0、50、100和150mg·kg^-1下对高羊茅接种AMF变形球囊霉(Gv)、PGPR荧光假单胞菌(Ps2-6)、Gv+Ps2-6和不接种对照共16个处理。结果表明,AMF、PGPR或AMF+PGPR处理均显著增加高羊茅生物量和菌根侵染率,增强植物光合作用,提高叶绿素含量,显著提高植物体内生理活性。在土壤中菲和芘100mg·kg^-1水平下,与对照相比,双接种Gv+Ps2-6处理的高羊茅叶片叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量分别提高57.7%、41.7%和51.8%;净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)分别增加70.6%、100.0%、4.5%和78.6%;最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)分别提高2.2%和8.8%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别是对照的1.6、1.5、2.3和2.7倍,丙二醛含量比对照下降46.0%;高羊茅株高和地上鲜重分别比对照增加63.0%和69.6%;接种PGPR处理能够增加AMF侵染率以及菌根依赖性。供试条件下,双接种Gv+Ps2-6处理增加高羊茅叶绿素含量和抗氧化能力,增强光合作用能力,降低膜脂过氧化水平,促进植物生长的作用最为显著。     

高+Gx过载作用对恒河猴肺脏的影响

15只健康恒河猴于清醒状态下，在动物离心机上经受相应峰值( 1Gx、 15Gx、 18Gx、 21Gx)的抛物线型过载作用后，按要求在过载后不同时期剖解，大体观察、取材，进行病理形态学的定性研究。结果显示：(1)眼观病变。 15Gx组、 18Gx组和 21Gx组在过载作用后即刻肺脏出现了不同程度的气肿、萎陷、淤血和出血点或斑；恢复组可见肺脏边缘有不同程度气肿区域，肺脏的背面呈暗红色；在各叶的背面均可见大小不等、多少不一的暗红色出血点或斑。(2)光镜下可见各急性实验组动物的肺脏呈现不同程度的气肿区和萎陷区，肺泡壁毛细血管扩张充血，肺泡腔内有浆液和红细胞渗出； 21Gx组还出现了血管内溶血、细支气管粘膜脱落和出血等，肺脏的病理损伤随G值升高而明显加重； 15Gx作用造成的肺脏损伤在1个月后基本恢复。而 21Gx作用后1个月肺脏的损伤尚未恢复，且出现了白细胞浸润、浆液渗出和增生等炎症反应。因此，高 Gx过载可引起猴肺脏明显的病理性损伤，其中 15Gx造成的损伤相对较轻，且容易恢复，而 21Gx造成的损伤严重，且难以恢复。