云南松天然林的种内和种间竞争

[目的]通过对云南松天然林内云南松种内和种间竞争强度的测定,分析揭示竞争强度在云南松群落内的动态变化规律及云南松种群的生态适应机制.[方法]在云龙天池自然保护区云南松天然林设置样方进行群落学调查的基础上,采用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型,以云南松为对象木,定量分析林分、对象木、竞争木的竞争强度,采用回归分析方法建立对象木胸径与林分、种内、种间竞争强度的函数模型.[结果]天池自然保护区云南松天然林的种内和种间竞争强度分别为80.16%和19.84%;云南松种内与主要伴生树种种间竞争强度大小顺序为:云南松种内> 水红木> 华山松> 米饭花> 大白花杜鹃> 槲栎> 马缨花> 旱冬瓜;云南松与整个林分、伴生树种以及种内的竞争强度与对象木胸径之间存在显著负相关关系,对象木胸径越大,其竞争能力越强.[结论]云南松天然林内云南松的竞争压力主要来自种内竞争;林分种内及种间竞争强度与对象木胸径间存在CI=AD^-B形式的幂函数关系;胸径20 cm以上云南松的竞争压力变化趋于平缓,胸径20 cm以下的云南松中、幼林是抚育管理的重点林分.     

百合花色机理研究进展

百合花色主要由花青苷和类胡萝卜素形成,一般粉色和棕色花中主要成分是花青苷;黄色和橙色花中主要成分是类胡萝卜素;红色是由花青苷和类胡萝卜素共同组成。百合花色的遗传现象比较复杂。目前初步构建了几个群体,通过遗传连锁图谱标记了花色相关位点。百合中花青苷和类胡萝卜素合成代谢途径中的大部分结构基因已经被克隆和研究。花青苷合成途径中的转录因子LhMYB12调控百合花被片中的花青苷的有无,其转录水平调控花青苷的颜色强度和着色类型。本文总结了百合花朵的着色机理研究,为进一步开展百合花色育种提供了理论参考。     

水稻抽穗期高温胁迫对不同品种受粉和受精作用的影响

水稻抽穗期高温障碍导致结实性降低已经成为长江中下游水稻的重要自然灾害之一。以现代常规粳稻、三系杂交籼稻和两系法杂交籼稻为试料,研究了抽穗期高温处理对现代水稻品种和组合受精率的影响。现代粳型品种表现出较好的抽穗期高温耐性;杂交稻特别是两系杂交稻抽穗期高温耐性相对较弱,抽穗期39℃的高温胁迫下,受精率几乎接近于零;在杂交稻中,汕优63在较轻高温胁迫下表现较好耐性,但在较强的高温胁迫下高温耐性迅速下降。相同处理下抽穗期高温耐性在品种间有较大差异。2个两系超级杂交稻的单药花粉数均在1750粒以上,数量最多,宁粳1号数量最少,为979.8粒药^-1。总体趋势为杂交稻多于常规稻,籼型品种多于粳型品种,分析表明单药花粉数与高温耐性不相关。高温胁迫导致花药开裂系数显著下降,宁粳1号在较强的高温胁迫条件下还能维持一定程度的纵裂率,开花后柱头上花粉数量相对较多。可见水稻抽穗期高温耐性与花粉生产能力无关,与花药开裂和柱头捕获的花粉量关系较大。     

延河流域不同植被带土地利用方式的土壤水分分析评价

以延河流域不同植被带上的三个小流域为研究对象,引用土壤湿度综合指数作为土壤水分评价指标,结合不同植被带土地利用分布特征与相应土壤含水量对延河流域土壤水分进行评价分析,为该区域不同植被带水土资源的合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明:三个植被带均处于极干旱状态,土壤湿度森林草原带 > 森林带 > 草原带;其中森林带以林地为主,森林草原带以林地和草地共同起主导作用,草原带以草地为主;不同植被带土壤含水量差异显著,森林带最高,其次为森林草原带,草原带最低;对不同植被带土壤水分的剖面变化分析表明,0—200 cm土层中土壤含水量随着深度增加呈现增长趋势。4种土地利用方式中,耕地的土壤含水量显著高于其他三种土地利用方式,这主要是与耕地坡度较小和修建梯田有关,同时还与农作物的耗水量相对较小有关。林地和草地土壤含水量无显著差异,灌木地土壤含水量最小。     

Immunohistochemical Localization of RANK, RANKL and OPG in Healthy and Arthritic Canine Elbow Joints

Objective— To determine if the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB–receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand–osteoprotegerin (RANK–RANKL–OPG) system is active in bone remodeling in dogs and, if so, whether differences in expression of these mediators occur in healthy and arthritic joints.
Study Design— Experimental study.
Sample Population— Fragmented processus coronoidei (n=20) were surgically removed from dogs with elbow arthritis and 5 corresponding healthy samples from dogs euthanatized for reasons other than elbow joint disease.
Methods— Bright-field immunohistochemistry and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the distribution of RANK, RANKL, and OPG in healthy and arthritic joints.
Results— All 3 molecules were identified by immunostaining of canine bone tissue. In elbow dysplasia, the number of RANK-positive osteoclasts was increased. In their vicinity, cells expressing RANKL, a mediator of osteoclast activation, were abundant whereas the number of osteoblasts having the potential to limit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via OPG was few.
Conclusions— The RANK–RANKL–OPG system is active in bone remodeling in dogs. In elbow dysplasia, a surplus of molecules promoting osteoclastogenesis was evident and is indicative of an imbalance between the mediators regulating bone resorption and bone formation. Both OPG and neutralizing antibodies against RANKL have the potential to counterbalance bone resorption.
Clinical Relevance— Therapeutic use of neutralizing antibodies against RANKL to inhibit osteoclast activation warrants further investigation.     

Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis in Thirty‐Three Horses

Objective— To describe signalment, clinical, and radiographic changes associated with carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC‐OA) and to report long‐term outcome. Study Design— Case series. Animals— Horses (n=33) with CMC‐OA. Methods— Medical records (1992–2007) of horses diagnosed with CMC‐OA were reviewed and signalment, clinical, and radiographic findings retrieved. Owners were contacted for information on the impact of lameness on intended use, response to treatment, progression of lameness, outcome, and owner satisfaction with response to treatment. Results— CMC‐OA identified in 39 limbs, occurred predominantly in middle‐aged and older Quarter Horses and Arabians, and caused severe lameness that prevented normal use. Characteristic swelling was centered over the 2nd metacarpal bone/2nd carpal bone articulation. Radiographic changes consisted of proliferative new bone, narrowed joint space, and subchondral lysis. Of 20 horses with follow‐up, 7 of 14 treated horses were euthanatized within 4 years and 4 of 5 nontreated horses within 3 years. Response to treatment was short lived and considered very poor by most owners. Conclusion— CMC‐OA seemingly occurs primarily in Quarter Horses and Arabians in our region. Response to conservative treatment is very poor and short‐lived with most horses being euthanatized. Clinical Relevance— Conventional treatment methods are unsuccessful for treating CMC‐OA.     

结实阶段不同时期倒伏对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

 The effects  of lodging at different filling stages  on grain yield and rice quality were investigated with  a    two line hybrid rice  Liangyoupeijiu and a  conventional  japonica rice CY 6. The results showed  that except for brown rice rate, ratio of length to width, gelatinization temperature  and gel consistency, almost all indices for yield and rice quality were significantly influenced by lodging and thus   deteriorated. Regression analysis  suggested that,  lodging  of CY 6 and Liangyoupeijiu one day earlier   could  cause 2.71% and   2.66% of yield loss, 1.8  and  2.1 percentage points decrease of seed setting rate, 0.32  and  0.26 g reduction of 1000 grain weight, 0.097  and  0.155 percentage points decrease of milled rice rate, also it increased  chalky grain rate by 0.13  and   0.27 percentage points, and  protein content by  0.021  and   0.024 percentage points, and subsequently lowered the eating quality.     

元谋干热河谷退化生态系统现状及其植被的人工恢复研究进程

元谋干热河谷在云南干热河谷区中最具典型性。在了解元谋干热河谷退化生态系统现状的前提下,从植被物种的选择、植被物种的生理特性研究成果、植被人工恢复技术的研究成果等方面论述了元谋干热河谷退化生态系统植被人工恢复的研究进程。并对元谋干热河谷退化生态系统植被人工恢复的关键技术进行了盘点。     

两种层积处理方式对北美鹅掌楸种子4种内源激素物质含量变化的影响

应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定了低温层积和低温裸层积两种种子层积处理方式对北美鹅掌楸种子4种内源激素物质IAA、GA3、ZR和ABA的含量变化情况.研究结果表明,两种种子处理方式均对北美鹅掌楸种子的4种内源激素物质含量变化有影响.经层积处理后,北美鹅掌楸种子中的生长促进物质IAA和GA3含量较未经层积处理的对照种子内源激素含量有显著的提高,而其种子中的萌发抑制物质ABA的含量比未经层积处理的对照降低,特别是其种子中的IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA的比值显著增加.     

西北肉用绵羊新品种陶波滩寒蒙组合生长发育性状的改良效果

以引进的无角陶赛特羊、渡德代及本地滩羊与小尾寒羊及蒙古羊不同杂交组合的后代(杂交一代、杂交二代及杂交三代)为研究对象,采用随机抽样的方法.对已培育出的西北肉用绵羊新品种群的部分杂交组合生长发育性状,在不同月龄通过测定体重体尺指标进行研究.探讨了培育新品种最佳的杂交组合模式.结果表明,杂种三代生长发育速度快于杂种二代.杂种二代生长发育速度优于杂种一代:三种杂交组合改良小尾寒羊及蒙古羊的效果都好,尤其是高代或三元杂交的经济效应更为显著.因此.选择理想型的三代或二代杂种羊进行横交固定培育新品种的技术方案是可行的.