斯氏副柔线虫rDNA-ITS片段的克隆及序列分析

运用PCR方法以保守引物NC5、NC13、NC13r和NC2扩增从内蒙古地区骆驼皱胃分离的3条斯氏副柔线虫（Parabronema skrjabini）rDNA的内转录间隔区1（ITS1）、5.8S序列和内转录间隔区2（ITS2）。将PCR扩增出的片段纯化后克隆至pGM-T载体,用PCR技术及酶切鉴定阳性菌落,对阳性菌落质粒DNA进行测序。结果表明线虫1（P.sk1）扩增的ITS片段大小为837 bp,包含部分的18S、28S及全部的ITS1（298 bp）、5.8S（157 bp）及ITS2（281 bp）序列;线虫2（P.sk2）扩增的ITS1片段大小为372 bp,包含部分的18S、5.8S及全部的ITS1（296 bp）;线虫3（P.sk3）扩增的ITS2片段大小为484 bp,包含部分的5.8S、28S及全部的ITS2（284 bp）序列。同其它属线虫同源性比较ITS2序列同源性在30.2%-60.1%。本研究系首次报道骆驼斯氏副柔线虫的ITS序列,为斯氏副柔线虫分子生物学的进一步研究奠定基础。     

绒山羊绒毛品质遗传研究进展

绒毛品质不仅影响绒山羊养殖的经济效益,还影响绒毛纺织品的质量。近年来,随着产绒量的提高,绒毛品质有下降趋势,为了提高生产效益,在生产过程中提高绒毛品质势在必行。绒毛品质是绒山羊育种中重要的选择参数,而控制绒毛品质的主要性状是数量性状,通过数量遗传学和分子遗传学寻找控制数量性状的主效基因,从而研究其生长机理和控制绒毛生长的基因的表达机制。作者综述了近年来有关绒毛品质的研究成果,其中包括通过表型选择来提高绒毛品质,且找到控制绒毛品质性状的HOX、BMP、KAP基因和色素基因等,还有寻找控制目标性状相应的QTL和对不同序列的SNPs进行GWAS分析,通过基因型的选择来提高绒毛品质,这些研究为提高绒毛品质奠定了理论基础,也为今后研究绒毛品质的遗传因素提供借鉴。     

马铃薯高产施肥措施研究

试验采用 311改良饱和D设计方法 ,对青海省新育成的青薯 2号 (32 8)品种进行了氮、磷、钾三大要素的施肥水平研究。其结果表明 :三种化肥对产量影响的大小程度依次排序为N >K >P。经计算机模拟寻优 ,获得了施肥的高产数学模型和最佳农艺措施组合方案。 6 6 7m2 产量高于2 6 0 0kg的最优方案有 18套 ,最佳农艺措施是 :氮肥用量为 2 8 97～ 2 9 15kg ,钾肥用量为 16 5 4～17 11kg ,磷肥用量为 5 34～ 5 88kg。     

不同浓度大豆卵磷脂替代蛋黄对东佛里生奶绵羊精液冷冻保存效果的影响

本试验皆在研究添加不同浓度大豆卵磷脂（SL）冷冻保存东佛里生奶绵羊精液的效果。我们在Tris基础稀释液中,添加18%蛋黄为对照组,添加0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%SL设为试验组,检测冷冻精液解冻后的精子活率和顶体完整率。结果显示,添加0.5%、2.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率与其他组之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1%～2% SL冷冻稀释液稀释的精液,冷冻解冻后精子活率和顶体完整率之间无显著差异（P>0.05）;添加18%蛋黄和1.0%～1.5% SL冷冻稀释液稀释后的精液,进行人工授精后母羊的妊娠率与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。因此,大豆卵磷脂可以作为冷冻保护剂用于东佛里生奶绵羊精液的冷冻保存,其最佳添加浓度为1～2%（g／L）。     

Oral vaccination of brushtail possums with BCG: Investigation into factors that may influence vaccine efficacy and determination of duration of protection

AIMS: To determine factors that may influence the efficacy of an oral pelleted vaccine containing Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to induce protection of brushtail possums against tuberculosis. To determine the duration of protective immunity following oral administration of BCG.

METHODS: In Study 1, a group of possums (n=7) was immunised by feeding 10 pellets containing dead Pasteur BCG, followed 15 weeks later with a single pellet of live Pasteur BCG. At that time, four other groups of possums (n=7 per group) were given a single pellet of live Pasteur BCG orally, a single pellet of live Danish BCG orally, 10 pellets of live Pasteur BCG orally, or a subcutaneous injection of live Pasteur BCG. For the oral pelleted vaccines, BCG was formulated into a lipid matrix, and each pellet contained approximately 10⁷ colony forming units (cfu) of BCG, while the vaccine injected subcutaneously contained 10⁶ cfu of BCG. A sixth, non-vaccinated, group (n=7) served as a control. All possums were challenged by the aerosol route with a low dose of virulent M. bovis 7 weeks after vaccination, and killed 7–8 weeks after challenge. Protection against challenge with M. bovis was assessed from pathological and bacteriological findings.

In Study 2, lipid-formulated live Danish BCG was administered orally to three groups of possums (10–11 per group), and these possums were challenged with virulent M. bovis 8, 29 or 54 weeks later. The possums were killed 7 weeks after challenge, to assess protection in comparison to a non-vaccinated group.

RESULTS: The results from Study 1 showed that vaccine efficacy was not adversely affected by feeding dead BCG prior to live BCG. Feeding 10 vaccine pellets induced a level of protection similar to feeding a single pellet. Protection was similar when feeding possums a single pellet containing the Pasteur or Danish strains of BCG. All vaccinated groups had significantly reduced pathological changes or bacterial counts when compared to the non-vaccinated group. In Study 2, oral administration of Danish BCG induced protection against challenge with M. bovis, which persisted for at least 54 weeks after vaccination. Some protection was observed in possums challenged 54 weeks after vaccination, but this protection was significantly less than that observed in groups vaccinated 29 or 8 weeks prior to challenge. There was a strong relationship between the proportion of animals producing positive lymphocyte proliferation responses to M. bovis antigens and protection against challenge with M. bovis.

CONCLUSIONS: Factors considered potentially capable of interfering with vaccination, including feeding dead BCG to possums prior to feeding live BCG, feeding multiple doses of BCG at one time, and changing strains of BCG, were shown not to interfere with the acquisition of protective immune responses in possums. Protection against tuberculosis was undiminished up to 29 weeks after vaccination with BCG administered orally. It is concluded that vaccination of possums by feeding pellets containing BCG is a robust and efficient approach to enhance the resistance of these animals to tuberculosis.     

Genetic‐Quantitative Study of the First‐Service Pregnancy Probability of Murrah Heifers

Because of the importance of reproduction in stock breeding systems, it is necessary to find selection criteria that increase reproductive efficiency. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the probability of conception on first service (PROB) in Murrah heifers, and its association with other traits of economic interest [age at first calving (AFC), service period, calving interval and milk yield at 270 days], with the purpose of evaluating their use as selection criteria. Reproductive information and first lactation records of 1200 Murrah heifers were used to perform two‐trait analyses between PROB and the other characteristics. Bayesian inference was used to estimate the variance components, considering PROB as threshold and the other as linear factors. The results demonstrate that this trait has heritability of 0.15, indicating the possibility of a genetic gain by using it for selection. With respect to the genetic correlation estimates, the only high‐magnitude association was with AFC (?0.899), which is the current criterion indicating sexual precocity of females. In the light of the parameters estimated, the first‐service pregnancy rate is an alternative for indication of sexual precocity, although presenting a smaller genetic gain than the current standard AFC. Nevertheless, additional research should be conducted regarding this trait to assess the economic importance of its use in dairy buffalo production systems.     

寒地水稻苗床追肥效果试验

通过试验表明,将目前水稻床土基肥量减少25%~30%,1.5叶期每盘再追施氮素2g,有利于培育带蘖壮秧。     

早熟马铃薯早大白施用钾肥增产效果研究

增施钾肥是早熟马铃薯一项重要的增产作措施 , 试验结果表明 , 早熟马铃薯早大白施氧化钾90kg·hm-2增产效果显著,较对照增产13 552.5kg·hm-2,增产率57.9%;大中薯率较对照提高16.5个百分点.     

低氮高效红甜菜形态特征分析

筛选低氮高效基因型红甜菜是提高氮素利用效率,减少氮污染的有效途径。采取液体培养方法,设置低氮(1.5 mmol/mL)、正常氮(5 mmol/mL)、高氮(10 mmol/mL)3种氮素水平处理,选用中国农业科学院甜菜研究所育种品系,通过生长指标统计、因子分析、聚类分析来确定评价指标,并筛选出耐低氮基因型。在低氮和高氮条件下,茎叶氮含量、茎叶氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮累积量、氮生理利用效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率差异性显著,变异系数分别为0.169~0.217和0.110~0.271。通过因子分析发现,在低氮和高氮条件下主成分培养情况基本相同,第一主成分是由根系氮含量、根系氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮含量、氮生理利用效率决定,第一主成分所占的方差贡献率较大。综合红甜菜氮素吸收累积变异特征及因子分析,将茎叶氮含量、茎叶氮素干物质生产效率、整株氮累积量、氮生理利用效率、整株氮素干物质生产效率作为初步筛选红甜菜氮高效综合评价指标。再根据隶属函数法计算出的氮效率综合值和采用欧氏距离平方拟合的分层聚类分析,将整株氮素干物质生产效率作为筛选氮高效综合评价指标。最终筛选出对氮素高效吸收利用的材料（低氮高效型‘YeginaS2’、低氮低效高氮高效型‘CYCLHDAR’）,结合其株高、叶面积、叶柄长、根长等形态特征、干物质量及根冠比等实用特征,分析不同基因型红甜菜对土壤氮素吸收利用特点,进一步验证对增施氮肥反应敏感的低氮高效型、低氮低效高氮高效型品种。