Fusion of Ossification Centres in the Cat

Abstract— —Thirty-seven kittens from eleven litters have been radiographed and eight others have been completely dissected to provide a record of the times of fusion of the epiphyses of the limb bones. The observations are recorded with reference to individual bones and then to the limbs at approximately monthly intervals. Attention is drawn to the variable presence of the sesamoid bone in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. A comment is made in the discussion on the sequence of fusion of the ossification centres.
Résumé— —Trente sept chatons provenant de II protées ont été radiographiés et huit autres ont été complètement disséqués afin d'établir un rapport sur les moments d'apparition de la soudure des épiphyses des os des membres. Les observations sont notées pour les os pris individuellement et ensuite pour les membres à des intervalles de un mois environ. L'attention est attirée sur la présence inconstante de l'os sésamoide dans la partie moyenne de l'extrêrmité du muscle gastrocnémien. Dans la discussion il est fait un commentaire sur la séquence de la soudure des centres d'ossification.
Zusammenfassung— —37 junge Katzen aus elf Würfen wurden radiographisch untersucht und acht andere vollständig seziert, um Unterlagen über die Zeitpunkte der Verschmelzung der Epiphysen der Extremitätenknochen zu erhalten. Die Beobachtungen wurden in Beziehung zu einzelnen Knochen und dann in Beziehung zu den Extremitäten mit ungefähr monatlichen Abständen gebracht. Die Aufmerksamkeit wird auf die wechselnde Anwesenheit des Sesambeins im medialen Ende des Gastrocnemicus gelenkt. In der Besprechung der Verschmelzungsreihenfolge der Ossifikationszentren wird dies kommentiert.     

Indigestion in Young Calves: I. Different Lactose Levels in Milk Diets and Milk Replacers

Increasing the lactose content of different milk replacers or milk diets by approx. 30 % of the dry matter increased the frequency of diarrhoea the first 10–12 days in young calves on all occasions in 5 experiments comprising 120 calves. For all diets taken together, this effect was highly significant. Total daily intakes of lactose amounted to 200–480 g. When lactose was given on top of the milk rations, the growth rate increased significantly, whereas the growth rate was usually insignificantly reduced when lactose replaced other nutrients in milk diets or milk replacers, their levels of protein and fat becoming low. Albumin and total protein in blood plasma were significantly lower when the dietary protein level was low. Milk replacers with 20 or 40 % whey powder, replacing skim milk powder, performed equally well, but gave significantly less growth than the old-fashioned feeding of whole milk-skim milk. Intake of hay and barley and a number of clinical and histological or pathological parameters did not vary consistently with dietary level of whey powder or lactose. Feeding whole milk all the time resulted in low intake of hay and barley and poorly developed forestomachs, but high dressing-out %. Substituting soya for part of the skim milk powder in milk replacers gave abomasal content with no curds. In most cases, pH in the rumen appeared to be nearly up to neutral until the calves ate ground barley, about 1 month old.