Evaluation of agricultural ecosystem services in fallowing land based on farmers’ participation and model simulation

Fallowing with green fertilizer can benefit agricultural ecosystem services (AES). Farmers in Taiwan do not implement fallow practices and plant green fertilizer because the current subsidy level (46,000 NT$ per ha) is too low to manage fallowing. This paper defines the objective of government agriculture policy or the farmer’s objective as maximization of farm productivity, approximated to the value of social welfare and AES. Farms, which do not follow proper fallowing practices, often have poorly maintained fallow land or left farmland abandoned. This results in negative environmental consequences such as cutworm infestations in abandoned land, which in turn can affect crops in adjacent farmlands. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, it determines the proper fallowing subsidy based on the concept of payment for ecosystem services to entice more farmers to participate in fallowing. Second, it simulates the benefit of planting green manure in fallow land to the supply of AES based on the rate of farmers who are willing to participate in fallow land practices and essential parameters that can affect soil fertility change. The approach involves a series of interviews and a developed empirical model. The value of AES when the rate of farmer participation is 100% represents a 1.5% increase in AES (448,317,000 NT$) over the value at the current participation rate of 14%. This study further concludes that the appropriate fallowing subsidy has a large positive impact on AES and social welfare (e.g., benefit from food and biofuel supplies) and is seen as a basis of ecological governance for sustainable agro-ecosystems.     

Natural Product Chemistry of Gorgonian Corals of the Family Plexauridae Distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean

The structures, names, bioactivities and references of 105 natural products obtained from gorgonian corals belonging to the family Plexauridae with an Indo-Pacific distribution are described in this review. All compounds mentioned in this review were obtained from gorgonian corals belonging to the genera Astrogorgia, Bebryce, Echinomuricea, Euplexaura and Menella.     

Isolation and characterization of bacteria associated with a syndrome disease of sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in North China

Sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius, transplanted from Japan in 1989, has been widely cultured along the coasts of Liaoning and Shandong Provinces and has become the dominant and most economically important maricultured species in North China. However, a lesion syndrome symptom of S. intermedius broke out frequently these years, showing lethargy in activities, blackish peristomial membrane and body well lesions, and brought about high mortality eventually. Six representative prominent bacterial strains were isolated from diseased sea urchin from September 2009 to January 2010. By means of API 20NE and 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, isolates were identified as Shewanella aquimarina, Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, Vibrio shilonii, V. harveyi, V. fortis and V. splendidus. Bacterial challenge tests showed that their representative isolates were virulent to S. intermedius with LD₅₀ values ranging from 9.2 × 10⁴ to 3.4 × 10⁶ CFU/g body weight, among which S. aquimarina , V. fortis and P. tetraodonis were highly virulent, and the other three isolates showed moderate virulence. The results indicated that a variety of bacteria including Shewanella, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio were involved in the mortality of S. intermedius, and the six isolates were opportunistic pathogens of sea urchins. All isolates reported herein were sensitive to ampicillin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, doxycycline and florfenicol.     

浅析园林植物造景

园林植物是园林规划设计的灵魂,在全局中起着不可低估的作用。它遵循着设计应有的原则和规律,以自己独特的方式,将园林植物之美应用于园林规划设计之中。     

生防真菌球毛壳ND35的RAPD特异序列的标记转换

利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）方法对包括球毛壳ND35在内的20个真菌分离物进行分析,筛选出球毛壳ND35的RAPD扩增特异性DNA片段,经pEASY—T3载体克隆和测序、Seqman整合后,用Primer5．0软件设计了球毛壳ND35的特异引物对CgND35—1：GTTGCCAGCCCGAGGGGAAG,CgND35—2：G111ACCAGCCATGCCTTGAAG,经优化PCR条件,成功获得球毛壳ND35的SCAR标记,该标记片段长度为329bp。用CgND35—1／CgND35—2引物对进行了SCAR标记特异性和灵敏度检测,表明该特异引物可用于球毛壳ND35的快速检测。     

基于多元化教学的网络机房安全性研究

随着计算机类课程的日益多样化,多元化教学的特点在高校的机房应用中愈发明显,这对网络结构提出了更高的要求。从应用着手,分析此类机房的特点,对各安全点进行剖析,并针对各个节点提出相应措施,从而有效提高机房运行的安全性。     

ENSO事件和太阳黑子活动与我国长江中下游稻区褐飞虱大发生关系的研究

根据1954-2010年海洋尼诺指数、1937-2009年太阳黑子相埘数和1957-2009年我国长江中下游稻区褐飞虱大发生年份的资料,应用相位分析、相关分析和关键时方法分析ENSO事件和太阳黑子活动与我国长江中F游稻区褐飞虱大发生之间的关系.结果表明:我国长江中下游稻区褐飞虱在太阳黑子谷值年的前1年和厄尔尼诺发生年的...     

大豆新品种一中黄39的特点及大田表现

文章介绍了大豆新品种中黄39的特征特性,总结了该品种配套的高产栽培技术,对种植户可起到较好的参考作用。     

竹红菌甲素固体分散体的制备及溶解性的研究

采用研磨法,以聚乙二醇6000为载体,将竹红菌甲素制备为固体分散体,增加其在水溶液中的溶解度,提高其生物利用度。采用紫外-可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计分别测定竹红菌甲素-聚乙二醇6000固体分散体的吸光度和荧光强度。通过正交试验设计的方差分析,得到该固体分散体的最优制备条件：药物和载体的比例（mg·mg-1）为1：1...     

南京园林植物根际土壤垫刃科线虫种类调查

为了查明南京园林植物根际寄生线虫种类及其分布情况,为有效防治线虫病害提供科学依据,2009年10月-2010年7月,笔者对南京栖霞区、江宁区、浦口区苗圃地的40种园林植物根际寄生线虫进行初步调查,根据形态特征和测量值鉴定出垫刃科线虫3个种,分别是普通丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus vulgaris)、香港丝尾垫刃线虫(Filenchus hongkongensis)和莫氏野外垫刃线虫(Aglenchus muktii)。其中,香港丝尾垫刃线虫和莫氏野外垫刃线虫为江苏省新记录种。