3种上海市常见古树粗根系分布特征及保护对策

城市古树拥有极高的文化、景观、科研价值,对其承担主要营养吸收及支撑功能的根系的养护是古树保护的重要方面也是技术难点。为研究古树根系的分布特征及相关影响因素,本文利用美国TreeRadar公司开发的树木雷达系统(TRU)对古树名木根系采用非入侵式的探测,检测了3种古树的根系水平、纵向分布特点,并重点研究了树种、树龄、硬质空间对根系分布的影响,发现银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)、香樟[Cinnamomum camphora(L.)J.Presl]、广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora L.)三者的根系数目峰值分别在距茎干3、4~5、5m处,纵向上古树的整体根系分布深度依然是主要集中在深度120cm以上(占比65%)。银杏具有深根型的特征,而香樟和广玉兰根系水平延伸范围更大。发现硬质空间或地面可能导致根系深层延伸受阻、浅层根系密度变大,严重可致根系退化。最后结合上海特有的古树生长环境特征,从根系保护出发,本文给出了根系引导生长、生长空间特殊管控、人工助稳、根系监测等古树保护的策略。     

设施栽培油桃物候期内温室内外温度变化规律研究

基于2015年1-5月观测的设施栽培油桃(Prunus persica var.nectarina Maxim)物候期和日光温室内外气温、地温等数据,系统研究了油桃在整个物候期内温室内外气温、地温的变化规律。结果表明,温室栽培油桃的物候期较露地栽培油桃提前50 d左右。油桃萌芽、开花期,温室内的平均气温可达到11.8~13.7℃,最低气温在5℃左右,此气温水平较好满足了油桃萌芽、开花的需要。果实膨大期及成熟期内,温室内平均气温为14.9~24.1℃,但最高气温有时达30℃以上,应注意及时通风降温,延长温室的通风降温时间。温室内外气温在不同天气条件下日变化均呈"单峰"型,晴天温室内外日温差比阴天大,温室内的气温始终高于室外的气温。1月下旬至3月中旬,日光温室内5 cm土层的平均地温为13.5~17.2℃,地温不能满足油桃根系生长发育的需求。不同天气条件下日光温室内外地温的日变化趋势与气温变化基本一致,温室外地温日变化与温室外气温日变化具有相关性;温室内地温日变化较平稳,最高地温较最高气温出现的时间存在滞后现象。     

非洲猪瘟病毒p72蛋白的原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

[目的]非洲猪瘟(african swine fever,ASF)是一种以猪急性发病、高死亡率为典型特征的病毒病,其病原非洲猪瘟病毒(ASF virus,ASFV)在中国的暴发给中国养猪业造成重大损失.p72蛋白是ASFV的主要衣壳蛋白,能够有效诱导机体产生特异性抗体,常被利用于检测试剂盒的备成.[方法]构建了p72全...     

Pronuclear Embryo Yield in Canindé and Saanen Goats for DNA Microinjection

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor breed on pronuclear‐stage embryo yield to be used for DNA microinjection in a transgenesis goat program. Twelve Canindé and twelve Saanen goats were heat synchronized using a progestagen‐cloprostenol treatment. Forty‐eight hours before the sponge removal, superovulation was induced with a total administration of 4.4 mg/kg bodyweight NIH‐FSH‐P1, given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days. In addition, goats received 100 μg of GnRH and they were hand‐mated at 36 and 48 h after progestagen removal. Embryo recovery was performed by oviduct flushing at 72 h after sponge removal. Embryos were microinjected with a DNA construct and noticeable swelling of the nuclei was the criterion for successful microinjection. The total diameter, cytoplasm diameter, zona pellucida thickness and pronuclei diameter were measured for each microinjected embryo. A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of fertilized ova was observed in Canindé (89.9%) than Saanen (36.2%) goats. In addition, Canindé donors produced a higher percentage of pronuclear embryos when compared with Saanen: 72.5% vs 20.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Successful microinjection was verified in 96.7% and 73.3% of times in Canindé and Saanen embryos, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for all morphometric parameters except for cytoplasm diameter. In conclusion, under our study experimental conditions, Canindé were more efficient than Saanen goats concerning the pronuclear embryo yield and manipulation. The use of Canindé goats in transgenesis programs could be increase the interest in their breeding and could be contribute to saving them from extinction.     

Retroperitoneal perirenal pseudocyst in a Massese breed ram.

The macroscopic and microscopic features of a retroperitoneal perirenal pseudocyst in a 12-month-old ram without impairment of renal function are described. In humans and animals, uriniferous pseudocysts may be of traumatic origin, resulting from rupture of kidney, renal pelvis, or ureter, or congenital. Lymphatic pseudocysts may develop secondary to inflammatory obstruction of the hilar lymphatics after perinephritis or renal transplantation. In this case, histologic characteristics of the pseudocyst wall were suggestive of development from the parietal peritoneal layer encapsulating the kidney. This is the first case of retroperitoneal perirenal pseudocyst in a sheep.     

Antimicrobial sensitivity testing of Australian isolates of Bordetella avium and the Bordetella avium-like organism

SUMMARY: The in-vitro sensitivity of 16 Australian isolates of Bordetella avium and 15 isolates of B avium -like organism to 11 antimicrobial agents or combinations of agents was determined using a microtitre plate system to establish minimal inhibitory concentrations. All the B avium isolates were sensitive to ampicillin but resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and lincomycin + spectinomycin. Most of the B avium isolates were sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to streptomycin and sulphadiazine. All the B avium -like isolates were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and lincomycin + spectinomycin. Most B avium -like isolates were sensitive to sulphadiazine, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.     

Hemangiosarcoma of the third eyelid in a cat

A case of hemangiosarcoma of the third eyelid in a 15-year-old Domestic Short-haired cat is reported. A small red mass protruding from the anterior surface of the third eyelid in the left eye was present. Only mild bilateral conjunctivitis and nuclear sclerosis were revealed on initial ophthalmic examination. After anti-inflammatory treatment, surgery and cryotherapy were performed. On histopathologic examination the mass was located just beneath the conjunctival epithelium, suggesting that the conjunctiva was the tissue of origin. The tumor showed high cellularity and was composed of pleomorphic spindle and polygonal cells arranged in interlacing bundles and solid sheets. The presence of slit-like spaces between tumor cells containing erythrocytes demonstrated the vascular differentiation. Mitotic activity was moderate, but atypical mitoses were detected. The surgical area healed uneventfully and after 7 months there was no recurrence. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of conjunctival hemangiosarcoma of the third eyelid in a cat.     

应用轻型飞机防治马尾松毛虫的试验Ⅰ．喷施四种药剂防治的效果

马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus Walker是马尾松林重要害虫。林间应用超轻型飞机大面积喷洒溴氰菊酯超低容量喷雾、白僵菌纯孢子油剂、菌药混合液超低容量喷雾以及喷洒白僵菌菌粉,其防治效果分别为96．5%、85．7%、95．6%、86．5%。上述的防治措施可作为单独的措施或综合防控中的配套措施使用,同时应用飞机防治解决了树高、林密、水源缺乏、劳力工资昂贵等条件给防治工作带来的困难,是一种适应林区林业生产整体水平而又快速、高效、经济的防治手段。