森林采伐限额制度存在的问题及建议

森林采伐限额是采伐消耗森林、林木蓄积的最大限量。实行森林采伐限额管理是《森林法》确定的一项重要法律制度,是控制森林资源过量消耗的核心措施和加强森林可持续经营的关键手段。本文阐述了森林采伐限额的概念,分析了当前采伐制度存在的一些问题,提出了改进措施及具体做法,以寻求最佳的森林采伐管理制度,保护好国家珍贵而有限的森林资源,达到科学经营的目的。     

为何国内市场E0级木地板踪影难寻？

很长一段时间内，在国内木地板市场上，主要是强化木地板产品，只要是质量上上点档次、品牌影响较为稳定一些的，几乎都声称自己是“E0”级。一时间“本产品已经达到欧美发达国家E0级产品水平”、“本产品甲醛释放量为0”、“本产品属木地板系列最高等级——E0”等等耀人眼目的字眼跃然各强化木地板产品的柜台上、广告里或包装中。当大家都在喊“本老王的瓜最甜”之时，广大消费者倒是如堕十里云雾之中，搞不明白，为何都声称自己的产品是“E0”级，咋就少见有“E1”、“E2”级产品呢？     

基于能值-生态足迹修正模型的区域可持续发展研究——以江苏省南通市为例

在系统分析能值—生态足迹模型缺陷的基础上,通过增加人工投入指标,统一能值密度以及引入折能/折标系数对其进行了修正,并采用修正后的模型对江苏省南通市1996—2010年的可持续发展水平进行了测算。结果表明:(1)1996—2010年间南通市人均生态足迹由0.65hm2增长到0.90hm2,主要是由能源消费量的增加引起的;(2)同期南通市人均生态承载力由0.51hm2增长到0.81hm2,这主要是由农、畜产品产量提高和水电开发力度加大引起的,而通过劳务和资金投入提高承载力的空间很大;(3)1996—2010年南通市一直处于生态赤字状态,可持续性评价指数也都在0.5以上,区域发展处于不可持续状态。为进一步缩小生态承载力与生态足迹之间的差距,应采取以下措施:引导重点行业和企业节能降耗,大力发展新能源;加大农业科技投入,继续提高农产品产量;重视人力资源的投入,促使经济发展方式向技术密集型和资本密集型转变。     

荒漠区不同干扰下三趾跳鼠种群数量动态

在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区选择过牧和禁牧两种不同干扰条件下的样地,运用标志重捕法和Jolly-seber模型,于2005年～2007年,对三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)种群数量动态进行了连续3年的专门研究.结果表明:3年中三趾跳鼠种群数量的波动较大,其变动经历了低谷-上升-高峰-下降4个时期,该种的数量变动存在一定规律;同一年中不同干扰条件的种群数量差异明显,3a中种群第1次数量高峰均为过牧区>禁牧区,其种群年平均数量及第2次数量高峰均为禁牧区>过牧区.     

牛环形泰勒虫病二温式PCR诊断方法的建立及初步应用

为建立特异、敏感、快速的二温式PCR诊断方法,根据牛环形泰勒虫裂殖子表面抗原(tams1)基因,设计了一对特异性引物,扩增出大小为154bp基因片段,经克隆、测序分析,与已知基因序列的相似性为96%。用建立的牛环形泰勒虫病二温式PCR诊断方法,对从新疆牛环形泰勒虫病流行地区采集的50份全血样品进行诊断,阳性率为88%,而血涂片检出的阳性率只有58%。经试验验证,该方法具有特异性高、敏感性强、重复性和稳定性好等优点。表明本试验所建立的二温式PCR诊断方法可用于牛环形泰勒虫病的临床诊断、隐性感染检测和流行病学调查。     

Hydrogen radicals, nitrogen radicals, and the production of O3 in the upper troposphere

The concentrations of the hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of NO, O3, CO, H2O, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and with the ultraviolet and visible radiation field. The data allow a direct examination of the processes that produce O3 in this region of the atmosphere. Comparison of the measured concentrations of OH and HO2 with calculations based on their production from water vapor, ozone, and methane demonstrate that these sources are insufficient to explain the observed radical concentrations in the upper troposphere. The photolysis of carbonyl and peroxide compounds transported to this region from the lower troposphere may provide the source of HOx required to sustain the measured abundances of these radical species. The mechanism by which NO affects the production of O3 is also illustrated by the measurements. In the upper tropospheric air masses sampled, the production rate for ozone (determined from the measured concentrations of HO2 and NO) is calculated to be about 1 part per billion by volume each day. This production rate is faster than previously thought and implies that anthropogenic activities that add NO to the upper troposphere, such as biomass burning and aviation, will lead to production of more O3 than expected.     

The Current State of Solar Modeling

Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations.