Bacteria associated with golden pompano (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trachinotus blochii</Emphasis>) broodstock from commercial hatchery in Malaysia with emphasis on their antibiotic and heavy metal resistances

This paper was the first report on pathogenic bacteria isolated from golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) with the antibiogram, as well as the heavy metal resistance pattern. Golden pompano becomes popular among Malaysian fish farmers due to its high value and demand from local and oversea markets. However, the baseline information on antibiogram of pathogenic bacteria associated with golden pompano is not well established. Therefore, the information from this study may be useful to fish farmers in selecting appropriate antibiotic for treatment and prophylactive purpose in golden pompano culture. Isolation of bacterial isolates was carried out using 5% of Horse Blood agar, Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Mac Conkey, Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt (TCBS), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), Glutamate Starch Pseudomonas (GSP), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), and Baird Parker media. The bacterial isolates were then identified using conventional biochemical tests and confirmed by commercial bacterial identification kit. Antibiotic susceptibility test of bacterial isolates against 21 antibiotics (oxolinic acid 2 μg, ampicillin 10 μg, erythromycin 15 μg, furazolidone 15 μg, lincomycin 15 μg, oleandomycin 15 μg, amoxicillin 25 μg, colistin sulphate 25 μg, sulpha-methoxazole 25 μg, chloramphenicol 30 μg, doxycycline 30 μg, florfenicol 30 μg, flumequine 30 μg, kanamycin 30 μg, nalidixic acid 30 μg, novobiocin 30 μg, oxytetracycline 30 μg, tetracycline 30 μg, nitrofurantoin 50 μg, fosfomycin 50 μg, and spiramycin 100 μg) was determined using disk diffusion method, whereas the heavy metal resistance pattern (mercury Hg²⁺, cadmium Cd²⁺, chromium Cr^{6 +}, and copper Cu²⁺) of the bacterial isolates was characterized using two-fold agar dilution method. Five bacterial species were successfully found from 50 diseased golden pompano. They were Streptococcus spp. (n = 12), Escherichia coli (n = 30), Salmonella spp. (n = 20), Pseudomonas spp. (n = 36), and Vibrio spp. (n = 50). More than 80% of the bacterial isolates were found sensitive to 11 out of 21 antibiotics (tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, florfenicol, chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, nalidixic acid, doxycycline, furazolidone, flumequine, fosfomycin, and oxolinic acid. However, all bacterial isolates were found resistant to all tested heavy metals except for copper and cadmium. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the present study indicated that the fish samples were under high risk exposure to the tested antibiotics. Florfenicol is suggested to be used as antimicrobial agent for golden pompano culture since all bacterial isolates were sensitive to it.     

水分胁迫对尖果沙枣幼苗生物量及某些生理特性的影响

选取尖果沙枣1年生幼苗,盆栽于相对含水量不同的土壤中培养30d,研究尖果沙枣幼苗生物量及部分生理指标的变化。结果表明,土壤相对含水量在50％-55％时,与对照比,幼苗各指标无显著差异,这说明50％-55％的土壤相对含水量是适合尖果沙枣幼苗的生长;土壤相对含水量在35％-40％时,幼苗根冠比和叶绿素a含量明显增高,分别为0.596,35.920mg／cm^2,比对照幼苗分别增高了1.81倍和1.33倍,而其干物质积累率、膜透性、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、叶片水势和叶片相对含水量与对照幼苗相比无显著差异,此时的土壤相对含水量可能是尖果沙枣幼苗能生长的阈值;土壤相对含水量在15％-20％时,幼苗干物质积累率和根冠比仍保持较高水平,而其叶片总重量和整株总生物量大幅度下降,chla／chlb比值也有明显降低,脯氨酸含量剧烈增高,叶片水势降低,叶片相对含水量大幅度下降,在这种低土壤相对含水量条件下,尖果沙枣幼苗虽然受到较严重的伤害,但仍然能够存活。     

近20年新疆养殖业牲畜甲烷排放量分析

根据IPCC的国家温室气体排放清单编制指南,估算了1988~2007年了新疆动物肠道及粪便的甲烷排放量。结果表明:全区养殖业甲烷排放量多年平均值为271.3 kt/a,年平均增加4.53 kt/a;牲畜肠道甲烷排放量占养殖业总甲烷排放量的95%以上,其中伊犁哈萨克自治州肠道甲烷排放量最多,占地区27.2%;全区牲畜肠道甲烷排放总量大小顺序为:绵羊牛山羊驴马骆驼猪骡子;全区牲畜粪便排放量多年平均值为10.9 kt/a,其中伊犁哈萨克自治州牲畜粪便排放量最多,占全区26.8%,全区牲畜粪便甲烷排放总量大小顺序为:猪绵羊牛驴马山羊骆驼骡子。由于地区养殖业发展水平与居民生活水平的差异,不同地区养殖业甲烷排放量也有所差异。     

棉籽壳作为绵羊饲料营养特性的研究

通过消化代谢试验研究绵羊对棉籽壳(含仁棉籽壳、无仁棉籽壳)和粉碎玉米秸秆的自由采食量和表观消化率,旨在对棉籽壳的营养价值和消化特点进行评价.试验选择12只成年新疆美利奴公羊,随机分为2组(n=6),在饲喂300 g/(只·d)混合精料的基础上分别喂给400(试验1组)、800(试验2组)g/(只·d)无仁棉籽壳,用差数法测定绵羊对棉籽壳的表观消化率.另外,选择18只成年新疆美利奴公羊,随机分为3组(n=6),在饲喂300 g/(只·d)混合精料的基础上,分别自由采食含仁棉籽壳(试验3组)、无仁棉籽壳(试验4组)和粉碎玉米秸秆(试验5组),研究绵羊对其的消化代谢情况.结果表明,绵羊对无仁棉籽壳干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素和能量的表观消化率分别为46.71%、47.37%、-53.40%、66.60%、62.48%和42.59%.饲喂含仁棉籽壳、无仁棉籽壳和粉碎玉米秸秆时,饲喂含仁和无仁棉籽壳组的干物质、有机物、纤维素、半纤维素、能量和钙等的采食量均无明显差异(P> 0.05),但采食含仁棉籽壳组粗蛋白质和磷的采食量极显著高于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01),木质素采食量极显著低于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01).饲喂含仁棉籽壳日粮和无仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊间干物质、有机物和能量的表观消化率均无明显差异(P> 0.05),但无仁棉籽壳组绵羊的纤维素和半纤维素的表观消化率却分别显著和极显著高于含仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.05;P< 0.05),含仁棉籽壳组粗蛋白质的表观消化率极显著高于无仁棉籽壳组(P< 0.01);饲喂玉米秸秆时绵羊的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素和能量的表观消化率均极显著高于饲喂含仁或无仁棉籽壳的绵羊(P< 0.01),但钙和磷的表观消化率却低于饲喂棉籽壳的绵羊(P> 0.05).饲喂含仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊的氮摄入量和氮保留率极显著高于无仁棉籽壳日粮绵羊(P< 0.01);饲喂玉米秸秆日粮绵羊和饲喂无仁棉籽壳绵羊在氮保留上无明显差异(P> 0.05).因此,棉籽壳是一种特殊的粗饲料,绵羊对其采食量大,纤维素类物质和能量的消化率较高,但存在着严重的蛋白质消化障碍;无仁棉籽壳日粮与玉米秸秆日粮的营养价值基本相当,但绵羊对无仁棉籽壳日粮的氮消化率较低.     

Detection of chicken anemia virus DNA in the thymus of naturally infected chicks in turkey.

In this study, 94 clinically ill 11-28-day-old chicks belonging to eight broiler units from the Marmara region were investigated clinically for changes in hematocrit values and for the presence of chicken anemia virus (CAV) DNA. CAV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the thymus of 8.5% of the chicks. These chicks showed clinical signs of diarrhea, anorexia, depression, and growth retardation. The hematocrit values of these chicks were between 24% and 38%. At necropsy, hemorrhages were observed in the leg and pectoral muscles. Atrophy was noted in the thymus and in the bursa of Fabricius of positive chicks, and hemorrhages in the proventriculus of one positive chick were observed. This report describes the first detection of CAV DNA in chicks in Turkey.