沙漠增温效应下绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析

本文对古尔班通古特沙漠及其南部不同距离绿洲的温度、气压、风向风速及净辐射进行了比较分析。结果表明,沙漠地表面温度和气温升降速度比绿洲观测点要快、变化幅度大;由于各观测点空气相对湿度和温度升降度不同,使得各观测点的气压升降幅度也不同,白天气压的变化曲线呈单蜂型;各观测点在12:00到18:00期间主导风向主要是南风,还有东南或西南风,在20:00时风速几乎为0;早上和晚上沙漠的净辐射高于绿洲,白天近地面净辐射绿洲大于沙漠;对绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析,为棉花等绿洲优势作物的播种期、物候期、作物生育及生理生态特性具有一定的指导意义。     

Ultrasound Guided Transplantation of Enriched and Cryopreserved Spermatogonial Cell Suspension in Goats

Spermatogonial stem cells transplantation provides a unique approach for studying spermatogenesis. Initially developed in mice, this technique has now been extended in farm animals and provides an alternative means to preserve valuable male germ line and to produce transgenic animals. The aim of this study was to enrich type A spermatogonial cells amongst the isolated cells from goat testis, to cryopreserve these enriched populations of cells and their subsequent transplantation in unrelated recipient goats under ultrasound guidance. The cells were isolated enzymatically and enriched by differential plating and separation on discontinuous percoll gradient. Ultrasound guided injection of trypan blue dye into rete testis resulted in 20–30% filling of the seminiferous tubules. Prior to transplantation, the cells were labelled with a fluorescent dye to trace donor cells in recipient seminiferous tubules after transplantation. The fluorescent‐labelled cells were observed up to 12 weeks after transplantation.     

云南省猪布鲁氏杆菌病血清学调查

采用虎红平板凝集试验与试管凝集试验相结合的方法,对云南省部分养殖场和屠宰厂采集的猪血清样本进行布病血清学检测,检测血清样本302份。经虎红平板凝集试验筛选,共检出阳性血清样本30例,检出率为9.934%。阳性者通过试管凝集试验证实,最终检出阳性血清样本14例,检出率为4.636%。其中屠宰厂检出率为6.091%,养殖场检出率为1.905%,屠宰场的检出率高于养殖场。     

人CD8~+T细胞基因调控网络研究

为研究CD8~+ T细胞的功能异常机制,对功能异常状态CD8~+ T细胞和3种正常CD8~+ T细胞亚型[中央记忆CD8~+ T细胞(HCM)、效应记忆CD8~+ T细胞(HEM)和na?ve CD8~+ T细胞(HW)]的ATAC-seq(Assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing)数据进行基因调控网络比较,结果表明,3种正常CD8~+ T细胞特异表达的基因参与维持相应T细胞正常功能的信号通路,功能异常CD8~+ T细胞特异的基因参与癌症相关通路。转录因子调控网络比较分析发现功能异常CD8~+ T细胞GMEB2转录因子表达关闭。细胞表面受体调控网络比较分析发现功能异常CD8~+ T细胞CD7和P4HB受体的表达关闭。采用基因调控网络的数据进行比较分析,发现CD8~+ T细胞功能异常机制可能与GMEB2转录因子、CD7和P4HB受体表达关闭有关,这为抗病育种寻找特定基因提供新思路。     

Comparison of External and Internal Pelvic Measurements of Belgian Blue Cattle from Sample Herds in Belgium and the United Kingdom

Measurements describing pelvic conformation of pedigree Belgian Blue cows were obtained from a sample of nine herds in Flanders, Belgium, comprising 111 adult breeding cows, and from 11 herds in the United Kingdom comprising 108 similar cows. All herds in the Belgian sample (111 cows) managed parturition by elective caesarian section as did seven herds (56 cows) in the UK sample; the remainder of UK herds (52 cows) allowed cows the opportunity to calve naturally per vagina before resorting to caesarian section. The data described the external and internal measurements, and pelvic area characteristic of this breed, irrespective of the different selection pressures applied over a number of years to this breed through variation in farm management and market forces present in either country. From these data, generalized linear models were constructed to predict pelvic area; they correctly identified cows with either small or large pelvic areas. There were no significant differences in pelvic conformation between cattle bred either in Belgium or the UK, although those cows bred in herds where natural calving was allowed to take place had significantly larger internal pelvic height (p < 0.05) and area (p < 0.05) than other Belgian Blue cows. The correlation coefficients between internal pelvic height and width and external pelvic measurements were significant (p < 0.001). These results might facilitate the selection of breeding cows with larger pelvic area so that a higher proportion of cows can calve naturally than currently occurs. However, selection for other traits such as relatively low birth weight combined with higher weaning weight should be carried out at the same time.     

Genetic screening of FecB,FecXG and FecXI mutations and their linkage with litter size in Barki and Rahmani sheep breeds

Characterization of fecundity genes offers the opportunity to improve production efficiency, and the consequent increase in litter size in livestock industry, through utilizing them in breeding programs. The main objective of this study was to detect the BMPR‐IB, BMP15 and GDF9 gene mutations and to investigate whether these mutations are associated with litter size in Egyptian sheep breeds. To achieve this goal, 73 adult ewes representing Barki (n = 33) and Rahmani (n = 40) breeds were used. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) screening approach was used to detect the presence of FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I mutations in the two selected breeds. Results of this study showed that the three different candidate gene mutations, namely FecB, FecX^G and FecX^I are not present among these selected populations of the Egyptian breeds. Further studies regarding other mutations and/or other genes, which may influence ovulation rate, should be carried out to determine the type and mode of inheritance of such genes in Egyptian sheep breeds.     

阿拉善荒漠草地8种牧草营养物质季节动态及营养均衡价评价

探讨了阿拉善荒漠草地珍珠柴(Salsola passerina)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon)、红砂(Reaumuria soon-gorica)、绵刺(Potaninia mongolica)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)、沙鞭(Psammochloavillosa)和牛心朴子(Cynanchum komarovii)8种牧草营养物质含量的季节动态,并以粗蛋白质对其营养均衡价进行了比较。结果表明:8种牧草的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、钙含量和钙磷比随着牧草的生长期呈先增加后降低的趋势,粗蛋白质含量6月最高,为7.86%~19.18%,1月最低,为5.25%~9.24%;粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、钙含量及钙磷比分别为0.81%~9.63%,26.19%~52.58%,0.12%~1.93%和0.86%~16.00%。粗纤维含量随植物生长呈降低趋势,且8种牧草的含量差异性较大,范围为9.56%~43.01%;粗灰分含量随生长期没有明显的季节动态规律;磷含量随牧草的生长而降低,范围0.04%~0.20%。牧草营养均衡价的评价表明:8种牧草营养均衡价(NB)依次为:梭梭绵刺珍珠柴霸王红砂盐爪爪牛心朴子沙鞭。     

乳酸菌添加剂对禾本科混合牧草青贮发酵特性的影响

选用分离于青贮原料牧草天然附着的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和蒙氏肠球菌（Enterococcusmundtii）作为添加剂,进行披碱草和老芒麦混合牧草青贮发酵特性的研究。试验分4个处理：球菌组（Em）、杆菌组（Lp）、球菌＋杆菌组（EL）、对照组（Con,不添加）。实验室常温发酵。试验期60 d。结果表明：（1）与Con组相比,Em、Lp以及EL组均明显降低青贮pH（P〈0.05）。（2）Em与Lp以及EL组都明显增加乳酸含量（P〈0.05）,以及乳酸与乙酸的比值,其中EL组增加效果最显著（P〈0.05）;此外3个添加组丙酸及丁酸的含量明显下降（P〈0.05）。（3）EL组显著降低青贮中NH3-N含量（P〈0.05）,Em、Lp组也有降低的趋势,但未达显著水平（P〉0.05）。（4）添加乳酸菌可以降低青贮DM的损失量,与对照组相比Em、Lp以及EL组DM的损失量分别降低了38.4%、43.4%、23.4%。综上所述添加乳酸菌可以改善试验牧草青贮发酵品质,球菌＋杆菌组（EL组）对试验牧草青贮品质改善效果最优。