Microsporidial keratopathy in two dogs

A microsporidial keratopathy is described in two dogs. Both dogs presented with a unilateral stromal keratopathy characterized by multifocal coalescing opacities, and the diagnosis was made on histopathologic examination of keratectomy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded corneal tissue was performed in one dog, and the morphologic features were consistent with Nosema species infection. Both dogs were initially diagnosed and treated by superficial keratectomy. One dog received additional antifungal medication and underwent a penetrating keratoplasty following local recurrence two years later. No other systemic lesions attributable to the microsporidial infection were identified clinically. The clinical and diagnostic pathology findings, treatment, and follow‐up are discussed.     

Absorption,translocation and distribution of lindane and DDT in the corn plant

Summary Data are given on the translocation and distribution of lindane and DDT in corn plants, and on their accumulation in corn kernels.The studies were conducted between 1966 and 1968, using emulsifiable products containing lindane and DDT formulated according to the same formulation. The insecticides were introduced in the plant by absorption from the soil and by injection.A part of the internodes of the 5 plants, representing a variant, were analysed. From the data obtained it results that insecticide absorption in the plants varies in terms of the date of application, and the rate of plant development.Following plant injections, DDT accumulated in larger amounts than lindane and, conversely, by absorption from the soil lindane was absorbed in larger quantities.It was found that both lindane and DDT are able to translocate and accumulate in corn plants and kernels. This translocation is higher for lindane and less so for DDT. In the case of lindane, an accumulation at the level of the physiologically active plant centers was established.Compound accumulation in a larger or smaller proportion is also a function of the water regime,, and their localization in various zones of the plant probably is governed by some physiological factors.

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Zusammenfassung Daten über Translokation und Verteilung von Lindan und DDT in der Maispflanze sowie über Anreicherung in den Maiskörnern werden mitgeteilt.Die Forschungsarbeiten wurden in den Jahren 1966–1968 durchgeführt. Als Versuchspräparate dienten emulgiertes Lindan und nach der gleichen Formulierung hergestellte DDT-Emulsion.Die Insektizide wurden der Pflanze auf zwei verschiedenen Wegen zugeführt, und zwar durch Bodenabsorption und durch Injektion.Die Internodien der 5 Pflanzen, die eine Variante bildeten, wurdern auf Rückstände analysiert.Auf Grund der erzielten Resultate wird festgestellt, daß die Insektizidaufnahme durch die Pflanze von ihrem Entwicklungsstadium und von dem Behandlungstermin abhängig ist.Von den injizierten Insektiziden wurden in der Pflanze größere DDT-Mengen gespeichert, während durch Bodenabsorption größere Mengen Lindan von der Pflanze aufgenommen wurden.Es wird weiterhin festgestellt, daß sowohl Lindan als auch DDT in der Maispflanze bis in die Körner weitergeleitet und gespeichert werden kann. Bei Lindan ist die Translokation intensiver als bei DDT.Größere Lindananreicherungen wurden im Bereich der physiologisch aktiven Pflanzenzentren festgestellt.Größere oder geringere Anreicherungen von Insektiziden in der Pflanze hängen auch von ihrem Wasserhaushalt ab, während die Lokalisierung in den einzelnen Pflanzenzonen von bestimmten physiologischen Faktoren abhängig ist.

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Résumé On présente des données sur la translocation et la répartition du lindane et du DDT dans la plante de maïs, et sur leur accumulation dans les graines.Les recherches ont été effectuées de 1966 à 1968, en utilisant des produits émulsifiables contenant du lindane et du DDT, conditionnés selon la même formulation.Les insecticides ont été introduits dans la plante soit par absorbtion, soit par des injections.On a analysé partiellement les internodes des 5 plantes qui ont constitué une variante.Les données obtenues montrent que l'absorbtion des insecticides dans la plante varie en fonction du moment de l'application du traitement et en rapport avec le degré de développement de la plante.A la suite des injections, le DDT a été accumulé en plus grande quantité que le lindane et, au contraire, l'accumulation du lindane a été plus importante à la suite de l'absorbtion à partir du sol.On constate que le lindane et le DDT peuvent être transloqués et accumulés dans les plantes et les graines de maïs. Cette translocation est plus importante chez le lindane, et elle est moindre dans le cas du DDT. En ce qui concerne le lindane, on constate des accumulations au niveau des centres physiologiquement actifs de la plante.L'accumulation en une proportion plus ou moins grande est aussi conditionnée par le régime de l'eau, cependant que la localisation de ces substances dans diverses zones de la plante est déterminée par certains facteurs physiologiques.

     

Clostridial myonecrosis,haemolytic anaemia,hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after intramuscular injection in a Thoroughbred gelding

A 9‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding was presented for swelling over the left neck and inappetence. There was recent history of intramuscular administration of flunixin meglumine into the left neck. On examination, there was evidence of focal myositis, anaemia, haemolysis and pigmenturia. Culture of aspirated fluid from the left side of the neck produced a heavy growth of a Clostridium species. Complications of infection included haemolytic anaemia, hepatopathy, osteitis and transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Treatment included intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics, anti‐inflammatory drugs, blood transfusion and surgical debridement. There was complete resolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical and echocardiographic abnormalities, and the horse returned to ridden work. This report highlights the complications that can arise from clostridial myonecrosis, including the effect on the myocardium.     

Cholesterol granuloma of the maxilla in a dog

A case of cholesterol granuloma of the maxilla is described in a 13-year-old dog presented because of a long history of facial swelling, irritation and epiphora. Plain and contrast radiography indicated an intramaxillary mass with overlying bone destruction unrelated to the nasolacrimal duct. The lesion was excised and all clinical signs resolved.     

An immunohistochemical investigation of canine idiopathic granulomatous scleritis

The clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in three dogs with granulomatous scleritis are reported. The lesions of granulomatous scleritis were characterized by vasculitis, collagenolysis, granulomatous inflammation and perivascular lymphoplasmacytic aggregation. There was evidence of vascular immune complex deposition, and the inflammatory aggregates contained T lymphocytes, IgG plasma cells and macrophages expressing class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). There was no evidence for an infectious etiology in any case, and one of the dogs subsequently developed cutaneous vascular disease consistent with a systemic immune-mediated disorder. Canine granulomatous scleritis has an immunopathogenesis likely involving primary type IV hypersensitivity, with a probable underlying type III involvement.     

Canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca: disease trends in a review of 229 cases

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the disease patterns in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca referred to the University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study of 229 cases was carried out. RESULTS: There were 44 breeds in the study, with four breeds, English cocker spaniels, cavalier King Charles spaniels, West Highland white terriers and shih-tzus, making up 58 per cent of the cases. Among these four breeds, two breed-dependent disease patterns, one chronic and one acute, were identified. English cocker spaniels and West Highland white terriers had a mean age at onset of clinical signs of five years and one month and five years and six months, respectively, with more females affected than males. Clinical signs consisted predominantly of conjunctival hyperaemia and mucopurulent discharge, with a relatively low incidence of ulcerative keratitis. In contrast, cavalier King Charles spaniels and shih-tzus showed a more acute disease pattern with a biphasic age distribution at 0 to less than two years of age, and four to less than six and six to less than eight years of age, respectively, with more males affected than females and a significantly higher incidence of ulcerative keratitis in some cases resulting in corneal perforation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The study reveals interbreed differences with respect to sex, age and risk of ulcerative keratitis which have not been detailed previously in a referral population.