High levels of intracellular bombesin characterize human small-cell lung carcinoma

"Small cells" or "oat cells" characterize a virulent form of lung cancer and share many biochemical properties with peptide-secreting neurones. The neuropeptide bombesin is present in all small-cell lines examined, but not in other lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that bombesinergic precursor cells in lung may give rise to this disease.     

Analysis of the genotype-by-environment interaction of spring barley tested in the Nordic Region of Europe: Relationships among stability statistics for grain yield

Variation in agronomic and quality characteristics was investigated in 220 Nordic spring barley cultivars across distinct environments (6 locations during 3 years) in the Nordic Region of Europe. The objectives of this research were to determine the importance of the genotype by environment interaction in all characteristics evaluated and to establish the relationship among different stability statistics for grain yield. Combined analysis of variance across locations indicated that both environments and genotype by environment interactions influenced significantly the cultivar phenotypes for all characteristics, irrespective of their type (row number) or earliness. The first two interaction principal component axes of the additive-main-effects-and-multiplicative-interaction (AMMI) model accounted together between 35% and 75% of the total genotype-by-environment interaction for all characteristics. Grain yield was, on average, higher in 2-row than in 6-row cultivars, which were significantly earlier in heading and grain maturity than the former. However, in some of the most northern locations, 6-row barley cultivars significantly outyielded on average 2-row barley lines. The genotype by location interaction variance (σ² _GL) accounted by each genotype was significantly associated to the deviation from regression (Tai's λ) while the coefficient of regression (β) was significantly correlated to the IPCA1 and IPCA2 of the AMMI model in 2-row, 6-row and early barley cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic gains in Nordic spring barley breeding over sixty years

Accurate assessments of genetic gains ensuing from plant breeding for the most important agronomic characteristics in Nordic spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) are not available. Hence this research was aimed to determine the rate of genetic improvement in the Nordic barley breeding pool. This study included 90, 2-row spring barley cultivars released (1942–1988) and29, 6-row spring barley cultivars released(1930–1991) adopted by Nordic farmers that were tested in four Nordic locations for three consecutive years. Relative genetic gain owing to plant breeding was 13% in2-row barley and 34% in 6-row barley for grain yield. The absolute gain for this characteristic was 13 ± 3 kg ha^-1 year ^-1 in 2-row barley, and22 ± 3 kg ha^-1 year^-1 in6-row barley. Improved yield was achieved in Nordic barley by reducing plant height(0.20 ± 0.04 cm year^-1 for 2-rowbarley and 0.16 ± 0.06 cm year^-1for 6-row cultivars), thereby reducing significantly lodging (0.5 ± 0.1%year^-1 and 0.4 ± 0.1year^-1), and increasing significantly the harvest index (0.0008 ± 0.0002year^-1 and 0.0018 ± 0.0002year^-1). Additionally, in 2-row spring barley cultivars resistance to powdery mildew (0.19 ± 0.08% year^-1)and thousand-kernel weight (0.07 ±0.03 g year^-1) were also significantly enhanced, whereas hectoliter weight was improved (0.06 ± 0.02 kg year^-1)in 6-row barley cultivars in the period investigated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

晋北地区引进燕麦品种的灰色关联度评价

以引进的5个燕麦品种为试验材料,对植株形态特征进行观察,测定了生育期、株高、穗长、小穗数、单株粒数、单株粒质量、千粒质量和籽粒产量,并采用灰色关联度分析方法对8个性状进行综合评价,以筛选适宜在晋北地区种植的燕麦品种.结果表明,5个燕麦品种在晋北地区均能成熟;远杂2号株高最高,达到130.7 cm;远杂2号的穗长最长,为17.9 cm;坝莜13号的小穗数最多,为63.4个,但与其他品种无差异;坝莜13号的单株粒数最多,为171.2个;坝莜13号单株粒质量最大,为3.51 g;远杂2号的千粒质量最高,达25.66 g;坝莜14号3 a平均产量最高,为3383.33 kg/hm2,燕科2号平均产量最低,为2777.78 kg/hm2.各农艺性状的权重依次为生育期>产量>穗长>小穗数>株高>单株粒数>千粒质量>单株粒质量.远杂2号的加权关联度最大,坝莜13号次之,坝莜14号、燕科2号和定莜9号的加权关联度分别位列第3～5位.灰色关联度综合鉴定表明,远杂2号和坝莜13号2个品种在生产性能上表现良好,适宜在晋北地区进行推广种植.     

黑木耳菌糠与牛粪不同配比对堆肥养分性状及发芽指数的影响

根据黑木耳菌糠与牛粪不同配比下堆肥养分性状及发芽指数(GI)的变化,筛选两种农业废弃物腐解的最佳配比.采取室内培养法,将风干、粉碎的黑木耳菌糠与牛粪按照10︰0、9︰1、7︰3、5︰5、3︰7、1︰9和0︰10共7个比例混合,用(NH4)2SO4溶液调节适宜的含水率(60％)和碳氮比(25︰1),随后接种微生物腐熟剂进行为期90 d的好氧腐解试验,通过堆肥pH、总有机碳(TOC)、总养分(N+P205+K20)、C/N及GI的动态分析,筛选黑木耳菌糠与牛粪堆肥的最佳比例.结果表明:各处理下堆肥的pH、TOC含量及C/N比经90 d腐解后均有不同程度下降,而全氮、全磷、总养分含量及GI值有不同程度的增加.黑木耳菌糠与牛粪按照7︰3混合堆肥后,pH由6.94降至5.83,TOC含量及C/N比分别降低41.0％和71.9％,T值获得最小值(0.28),全氮、全磷、全钾、总养分含量及GI值分别增加109.9％、163.0％、39.7％、124.3％和89.0％.经上述腐熟指标的评价,该比例堆肥的优势明显高于其他处理.     

光合细菌PS3培养参数的研究

为有效提高光合细菌PS3在工厂化生产中的生物量,对其主要培养参数进行了系统的研究。所涉及的培养参数包括：光源、光照度、溶解氧、培养基pH、盐度、接种浓度等。结果表明：PS3在厌氧条件下生长较好,而其最适接种浓度、光照度、光源、pH及盐度分别为10%、4 000 lx(钨丝灯)、6．5～7．0、5。     

顶复门原虫与细菌Ⅱ型丙二酰单酰辅酶A:ACP转酰基酶研究进展

大部分顶复门原虫与人畜重要寄生虫病密切相关.近年来,由于各类药物在寄生虫与细菌病防治中的广泛应用,甚至是滥用,造成了这类寄生虫与细菌的严重抗药性,急需一些新型抗感染性药物的出现.由于在一些顶复门原虫与细菌中广泛存在的Ⅱ型脂肪酸代谢途径在其脊椎动物宿主中并不存在,而丙二酰单酰辅酶A∶ACP转酰基酶(malonyl-CoA...     

不同施氮量对饲用燕麦光合特性及氮素光合利用效率的影响

为探明不同施氮量下饲用燕麦在晋北地区光合特性及氮素光合利用效率的差异,以4个国内外具有代表性的饲用燕麦品种为试验材料,研究其生物产量、光合特性及氮素光合利用效率的变化特点。结果表明,4个参试品种的干草产量均随着施氮量的增加呈递增趋势,均在施氮量180kg/hm²时最高;随着施氮量的增加,各品种净光合速率和氮素光合利用效率呈持续增加的趋势。综合各项指标可知,晋北地区蒙燕1号、甜燕麦、KONA和坝燕7号4个燕麦品种生产时,田间施氮量可控制在180kg/hm²水平。