单播草坪匍匐翦股颖溶磷菌筛选及溶磷能力的初步研究

对西安地区单播草坪匍匐翦股颖根际联合固氮菌进行分离的基础上,采用PKO无机磷培养基和蒙金娜有机 培养基对匍匐翦股颖根际分离的联合固氮菌(共获得188种分离物)中具有溶磷能力的菌株(占29.3％),通过对菌株溶 磷圈大小的测定,最终筛选出溶磷能力较强菌株4株,分离物溶解无机磷D/d值在1.324~3.014之间;而溶解有机磷的能力 在1.239~2.156之间。     

低压射流不同喷嘴参数及压力下破碎过程实验

研究了不同低压下喷头喷嘴直径和喷嘴锥角对射流破碎的影响。采用高速摄像仪对低压圆柱射流的射流核心长度和射流破碎长度进行实验,测量了不同喷嘴结构的流量、射程和末端水滴直径。结果表明:同一压力下,当喷嘴锥角不变时,随着喷嘴直径的增大,喷头流量、射程和喷头末端水滴直径都变大,射流核心长度和破碎长度均增大;当喷嘴直径不变时,随着喷嘴锥角的增大,喷头流量逐渐减小,而喷头射程呈先增大后减小趋势,喷头末端水滴直径也变大,射流核心长度逐渐减小,射流破碎长度先减小后增大。综合考虑射程和雾化效果,直径为5 mm、锥角为45°的喷嘴为最优选择。同时通过对不同Re数和We数的实验和分析,给出了适合低压喷嘴的两种射流特征长度的拟合关联式。     

Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. contamination in French broiler-chicken flocks at the end of the rearing period

A nation-wide survey was carried out in 370 randomly chosen French commercial broiler chicken flocks from October 2005 to September 2006 to determine Salmonella spp. prevalence and to identify risk factors for contamination, at the end of the rearing period. The Salmonella status of the flocks was assessed from five faecal samples (litter swabs) analysed by classical bacteriological methods. A flock with at least one contaminated sample was classified as a Salmonella-positive flock. The apparent prevalence of Salmonella was 8.6% (95% CI: 5.7, 11.5%). The most prevalent serovar was S. hadar followed by S. anatum and S. mbandaka. Logistic regression methods were used to analyse the associations between husbandry practices, farm characteristics, general hygiene and the Salmonella status of the sample. The risk for Salmonella contamination of the flock at the end of the rearing period increased when neighbours helped in the placement of day-old chicks. On the contrary, the risk decreased when mobile equipment was dismantled before cleaning and disinfection, when the farm had a specific container for dead-bird disposal and when acetic acid was added to the drinking water.     

In vitro effects of plant and mushroom extracts on immunological function of chicken lymphocytes and macrophages

1.?The present study was conducted to examine the effects of organic extracts from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), and shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on innate immunity and tumor cell viability.

2.?Innate immunity was measured by lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide production by macrophages, and the inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth was assessed using a non-radioactive assay. For measuring the cytokine levels in the HD11 macrophages which were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom, the levels of mRNAs for interferon-α (IFN- α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) were quantified by real time RT-PCR.

3.?In vitro culture of chicken spleen lymphocytes with extracts of milk thistle, turmeric, and shiitake and reishi mushrooms induced significantly higher cell proliferation compared with the untreated control cells. Stimulation of macrophages with extracts of milk thistle and shiitake and reishi mushrooms, but not turmeric, resulted in robust nitric oxide production to levels that were similar with those induced by recombinant chicken interferon-γ. All extracts uniformly inhibited the growth of chicken tumor cells in vitro at the concentration of 6·3 through 100 µg/ml. Finally, the levels of mRNAs encoding IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and TNFSF15 were enhanced in macrophages that were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom compared with the untreated control.

4.?These results document the immunologically-based enhancement of innate immunity in chickens by extracts of plants and mushrooms with known medicinal properties in vitro. In vivo studies are being planned to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their mechanism of action.     

汕头市猪场猪瘟和猪禽流感血清学监测报告

为了了解和掌握我市猪场的猪瘟免疫情况及感染高致病性禽流感疫病的可能性，我所分别于2005年2月和4月两次对全市范围内各类型的养猪场免疫猪瘟的猪只采集血清941份，进行猪瘟血清抗体监测和猪高致病性禽流感疫情血清学监测。现将监测结果报告如下。     

月季种质资源花色基础研究

运用测色仪对227个月季种质资源花色表型进行分类,并运用紫外分光光度计测定总类黄酮,探讨二者之间的相关性。结果表明:在a~*和b~*二维象限图上,7类色系主要集中分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ象限,在第Ⅲ象限(蓝色)没有分布,花瓣正面颜色分布较为集中、部分橙红色和深红色品种的反面花色分布较为离散;7个色系的明度均为L~(*B)L~(*F),绝大多数色系的颜色参数a~(*F)/b~(*F)/C~(*F)a~(*B)/b~(*B)/C~(*B),并且玫红色、紫红色、橙红色和深红色的正反面花色a~*、b~*、C~*差异显著;各个色系TA之间差异显著(P0.05),深红色TA含量最高。而TF含量,除了深红色和紫红色差异显著外,其他色系之间差异不显著(P0.05);TA与L~*呈负相关关系(P0.01),与花瓣L~(*B)相关性更大;TA与h°负相关(P0.01)。TA与a~*/C~*呈正相关关系(P0.01),与正面颜色参数值相关性更强,而TF与L~*/h°也呈负相关关系(P0.05)。说明TA和TF共同影响花色的呈现,并且花青苷含量的高低是影响花色深浅的主要因素。     

利用质量控制图监控不同实验条件对布鲁氏菌试管凝集实验结果的影响

运用建立的质量控制图,监控不同实验条件对布鲁氏菌试管凝集实验结果可能造成的影响。在每次日常检测时对标准阳性血清进行试管凝集实验并使用浊度仪测量其上清液的光密度(OD值),在收集足够有效数据后,绘制当前条件下的质量控制图。通过模拟日常实验条件下孵育温度、时间等容易产生偏离的条件,记录不同实验条件下标准阳性血清试管凝集实验后上清液的OD值,绘制控制用控制图。运用绘制的质量控制图对不同实验条件进行监控,发现孵育温度和孵育时间均对实验结果产生较大影响,从而导致失控。采用质量控制图对布鲁氏菌试管凝集实验进行监控,可提高质量监控的有效性、科学性。严格控制实验条件是保证实验结果的重要前提。     

Excel在统计教师教学工作量中的应用

利用Excel的表格、函数、VBA编写了教师教学工作量统计程序,能对教学工作量自动计算、快速查询和汇总。并举例介绍了该程序在教学工作量统计和分析当中的应用。     

A multicentric retrospective study of serum/plasma urea and creatinine concentrations in dogs using univariate and multivariate decision rules to evaluate diagnostic efficiency

BACKGROUND: Urea and creatinine are the most frequently used indirect markers in plasma and serum of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Both have been shown to lack sensitivity but their diagnostic efficiency for the diagnosis of kidney disease has been minimally investigated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of possible factors of variation on both analytes and to determine whether specific decision rules should be drawn up for subpopulations of dogs. METHODS: The results of urea and creatinine measurements, breed, sex, age, and health status (healthy, renal disease, or nonrenal disease) of 3822 dogs were collected from the archives of 5 veterinary clinics. Data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate decision rules with and without adjustment. RESULTS: There were significant effects and interactions of almost all of the sources of variation. Slight improvements in diagnostic efficiency were obtained by adjusting the decision rules to these sources of variations. Univariate decision rules gave approximately the same diagnostic efficiency for urea and creatinine concentrations, with sensitivity and specificity in the range of 70% and 90%, respectively, using the upper limit of the reference interval as the threshold value. Multivariate decision rules provided only minor improvements in diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous measurement of both urea and creatinine is of limited diagnostic value over the analysis of a single variable. Creatinine is the preferred analyte as it is affected by fewer extrarenal factors of variation.